Modern French Foreign Legion
In this article we will complete the story of the French Foreign Legion. Currently, the soldiers of his regiments in France are much better treated than fifty years ago. At the very least, the soldiers of the legion are not now considered polls and socially dangerous psychopaths. However, special sympathies, especially in the left and liberal circles, are also not observed for them. Legionnaires themselves joke that the French love them only one day a year - during the Bastille Parade, when their units march through the Champs Elysees in a solemn march.
There were times when the size of the Foreign Legion reached 42 people (the beginning of World War I), now it numbers, according to various sources, from seven and a half to eight thousand soldiers and officers. Jean Moren (namesake of the last commander of 000e REP, Jeanpierre's successor), defense attaché of the French Embassy in the Russian Federation, in an interview with Radio Echo of Moscow on April 1, 24, said the number was 2010 people. Probably, his data should be trusted, since from August 7600, 1, he was the commander of the units of the French Foreign Legion.
Of the 11 regiments of the Legion, 7 are now based in France: in Aubagne, Castelnodari, Calvi (Corsica island), Orange, Avignon, Nimes and Sant Cristolier, 4 - outside its borders: in Djibouti, French Polynesia, Mayotte Island (archipelago of Comoros) and French Guiana.
The headquarters of the entire legion is now Aubagne (a city about 15 km from Marseille): the First Regiment (1 RE) is located in the barracks of Vieno, after evacuation from the Algerian city of Siddi Bel Abbes, which the legionnaires affectionately called the Beautiful Abbes (in it By the way, spagas were also located) the main headquarters of the Foreign Legion and its command were transferred.
This monument to the fallen soldiers of the Foreign Legion was erected in Siddy Bel Abbes in 1932:
We see a globe lying on an armful of palm branches, which is guarded by four figures symbolizing the legionnaires of Algeria, Mexico, the colonial campaigns and the First World War. The initiator of the creation and installation of this monument was the "father of the legion" - Colonel Paul Frederic Rolle (it was described in the article "Dogs of War" of the French Foreign Legion ") At his request, the legionary of the colonial campaigns was given the resemblance to Major Brundso.
Leaving Algeria in 1962, the legionnaires brought him to Aubagne:
The first regiment is now training, the main function of its troops is the primary training of recruits.
The second infantry regiment, which was formed back in 1841 on the basis of the 4th and 5th battalions of the First Regiment, is located in the Wallong barracks (the city of Nimes). It is curious that the regimental song of the second regiment is the German Anna Maria.
The famous 13th semi-brigade is actually a regiment, however, in memory of past merits, it retained its name.
Until 2011, it was located in Djibouti. In these photos we see the soldiers of the 13th semi-brigade:
And here is the French combat reconnaissance vehicle ERC 90 Sagaie of the 13th semi-brigade in the vicinity of Djibouti, 2005 photo:
Then the 13th brigade was transferred to Abu Dhabi (UAE), and now has returned to France.
In this photo, the fourth regiment of the Foreign Legion leaves the barracks of Denjou, city of Castelnodari, France (1980):
This regiment has an officer school and a school for sergeants.
Many recruits who went to study at the Castelnodari school recall the time spent there as a nightmare: they had to work literally for wear and tear.
In addition to infantry, in the Foreign Legion there are parachute landing, tank (armored cavalry), engineer-sapper regiments (by the way, only sappers are currently allowed to let go of their beards).
The structure of the paratrooper regiment of the legion (2e REP, located in the barracks of Raffali, the city of Calvi, Corsica) includes special forces units, which are recruited from volunteers with the rank of at least a sergeant, - CRAP (Commandos de Recherche et d'Action dans la Profondeur).
The regimental holiday 2e REP is celebrated on September 29, the day of the Archangel Michael, who is considered the patron saint of paratroopers.
All regiments of the legion are part of the larger military formations of the French army. For example, the second parachute regiment is part of the 11th parachute brigade, and the first armored cavalry is part of the 6th light armored division.
The most difficult is the service in the third infantry and second parachute regiments. It is difficult to serve in a parachute regiment due to constant high loads and extremely tough daily routines. Moreover, some companies of this regiment have their own unique training programs: the 1st company specializes in fighting in the city, the 2nd company specializes in war in the mountains, the 3rd company is engaged in naval operations, and the 4th company carries out sabotage and reconnaissance operations.
The third infantry regiment was previously stationed on the island of Madagascar, it is the second in the legion in the number of awards, and its regimental holiday falls on September 14 - this is the date of the breakthrough of the Hindenburg line in 1918. Currently, it is located in Guiana, a place that the French used to call the “dry guillotine”: in the first half of the 97th century, mortality in prisons of three nearby islands (Ile de Salou archipelago) and three mainland reached XNUMX%.
The most famous convict of Guiana is the former commander of the Rhine and Northern armies, General Pishegru, whom Napoleon called St. Helena "the most capable of the generals of the Republic." By the way, he became one of the few who managed to escape from Guiana. Another “celebrity” of the Guiana convict was the anarchist Clement Duval, who also fled from the infamous “Devil's Island” in 1901.
Currently, legionnaires traveling to the "tropical paradise" of this overseas department of France receive up to 14 vaccinations against various diseases.
In Guiana, the main spaceport of the European Space Agency (Kourou) is located, the protection of which is one of the tasks of the third regiment of the legion. And so that the Legionnaires would not be bored, the Center d'entrainement a la foret equatoriale was built nearby - a training center for survival in the jungle. The training course consists of modules of varying complexity, the simplest of which teaches you not to die within four days (under the supervision of an experienced instructor). The second level of difficulty is covert movement, ambush organization, reconnaissance and surveillance. The third - training in command of the unit during sabotage or counterguerrilla operations. The fourth is an autonomous raid with a minimal survival kit. Legionnaires receive injuries during such classes regularly, often life-threatening.
The “youngest” unit of the Foreign Legion is the second engineer-sapper regiment (2-e REG), created in 1999. He specializes in mountain operations and is part of the 27th Mountain Infantry Brigade (27e brigade d'infanterie de montagne). It is located in the city of Sant Cristol.
Soldiers of the Second Engineering Combat Regiment:
And here we see the teachings of the legionnaires of the DLEM unit (de Légion étrangère de Mayotte), Mayotte Island, 2007:
This is the smallest compound of the Foreign Legion, its motto is the Latin phrase Pericula Ludus (something like “Pleasure in danger” or “Danger - my game”).
Those of you who read the article “Bob Denard, Jean Schramm, Roger Folk and Mike Hoar: The Fate of the Condottieres”, we must remember that it was the DLEM legionnaires who in 1995 arrested the famous mercenary king Bob Denard in the Comoros, who wished to arrange another coup d'etat in this state.
Despite the fact that the Foreign Legion is currently one of the most combat-ready formations of the French army (it is often called the “tip of the French spear”), its rank-and-file military personnel receive the usual maintenance (modest base salary of 1200 euros or more) and do not have benefits in terms of compared to other parts.
During the fighting, the salary of military personnel increases significantly (second numbers in the table below). An additional 600 euros are paid to paratroopers.
Jean Moren, already mentioned by us in his interview, stated that in the Foreign Legion
The salary is also affected by the number of children in the legionnaire's family.
After being injured or injured, during the time spent in the hospital, the legionnaires also receive a salary supplement of 50 euros per day. Insurance payments are also expected - up to 240 thousand euros. In the event of death, relatives indicated by the legionnaire himself can claim compensation in the amount of 600 thousand euros.
Since the Foreign Legion is a closed structure, its officers cannot count on the highest posts in the French army. The pinnacle of their career is the rank of brigadier general, who is usually assigned to the commander of units of the Foreign Legion, and the colonel - the commander of one of the regiments. However, only a few make their way to positions above these and in other military formations of France.
In the legion, punishments are practiced, which can be material (fines), disciplinary, but more often physical: from 30 to 50 push-ups. In winter, as a punishment for wrongdoing, you can spend the night on the street under a thin blanket:
According to the stories of modern veterans of the Legion, sometimes the more “traditional” methods of “physical impact” and “upbringing” are also used, but, as a rule, they are not systematic.
After a year of impeccable service, a soldier is awarded the title of second-class legionnaire. After another two or three years, he can claim the title of corporal. But to get the rank of sergeant (main corporal), there is little service - you still need to graduate from the school of non-commissioned officers. In the absence of serious violations of discipline after 8 years of service, a bonus of two annual salaries is paid.
In the Foreign Legion there are no differences in rations - no halal or vegetarian menu.
According to those who have served, the food in the canteens of the Legion is monotonous, and the food is not too tasty. The drafters of the menu are apparently inspired by the aphorism of Alexander the Great:
In this photo, found on the Internet, there is breakfast in Castelnodari, where the fourth regiment of the legion is located:
The exception is Christmas dinner, which is the second “special” day in the legion (the first is the Bastille Day parade). The third and last unusual day is a holiday in honor of the anniversary of the Battle of Cameron (it was described in the article "Dogs of War" of the French Foreign Legion ".
They say that the Cameron holiday resembles Saturnalia in Ancient Rome: soldiers and sergeants “swap places”, and ordinary soldiers even get “breakfast in bed”: black pudding (le Boudin) and coffee with rum, but without sugar. The youngest legionnaire is appointed chief of the barracks, and sergeants are involved in cleaning the premises. But it is unlikely that ordinary legionnaires, remembering that there are still 364 (and sometimes 365) days a year, are too abusing their “rights”.
In addition, each military unit of the Foreign Legion has its own regimental holiday.
Legionnaire’s annual vacation is 45 working days. In addition, single legionnaires after retirement can settle in one of the "veteran houses", for example, in Domaine Capitaine Danjou.
Many sources say that homosexuals are still not accepted into the Foreign Legion. Another requirement for recruits is to be unmarried: they will be able to get married after two years of service, and this will require official permission from the commander.
But they do not require knowledge of the French language from recruits — they quickly learn in the process of preparation under the "strict guidance" of a strict sergeant. Usually, a companion who knows the French language is usually assigned to a rookie, and both are punished for every misunderstood word.
The only benefit is the possibility of obtaining French citizenship and a pension.
Documents for obtaining French citizenship can be submitted in 3-5 years, but they say that upon completion of the first contract it is easier to get a resident card for a period of 10 years.
The legionnaire’s pension cannot be called very large - from 800 euros, its size is affected by the place and time of service, and for skydivers it is also the number of jumps. Previously, the minimum length of service was 15 years, now, depending on the circumstances, from 17 and a half to 19 years.
But even this turns out to be enough to make the service in the Foreign Legion attractive in the eyes of immigrants from poor countries (now soldiers of 130 nationalities serve in it). Currently, there are two pre-selection centers for candidates from all over the world to go to: camps near Paris and in Aubagne (Provence).
In addition to pre-selection centers, in nine cities in France there are legion recruitment offices where you can (in exchange for a passport) get a ticket to Paris or Aubagne.
The competition in the legion is comparable to the competition in the leading universities of France and even surpasses it (the exception is people with a medical education, who are on a special account and often come "out of competition").
Jean Moren quoted here in an interview from 2010 said:
I admit, I recently nearly fell out of my chair after reading in one article the following literally:
However, various sources cite the following standards of physical preparation of candidates: 10 pull-ups, 30 push-ups, 50 squats, climb a six-meter rope without using legs, run 2800 meters in 12 minutes.
A test to determine the degree of mental development, of course, is also conducted. Recruits age: 17 to 40 years old. True, persons under the age of 18 must bring with them permission from their parents.
The most striking and memorable detail of the form of the Foreign Legion are the famous white caps (Képi blanc), which, however, are worn only by ordinary soldiers (both with full dress and everyday). Caps are handed to recruits after taking the oath. Before this, the future legionnaire needs to pass the test with a march-throw with a full combat calculation, which can last more than a day, and the distance traveled can reach 60-70 km.
One of the official songs of the legion is called “White Caps”:
We did not choose our fate - fate chose us.
And the guarantee is the strength of our souls,
The strength of our hands and hearts
Without choosing an easy road, knee-deep in mud
Go ahead White Caps.
Above the road are the White Kepi banners - and the road belongs to them.
And behind us is hatred
And ahead of us is the rumor that we are killers,
Black to mud drenched from head to toe.
Go ahead White Caps.
We are dying on the road.
We die - but win the battle
Swallowing black mud and the bitterness of loss
Go ahead White Caps.
Fate smiles at those who are furious, proud, those whose blood is hot.
"Honor and loyalty!" - we carry these words on our banners
From battle to battle.
And choking on the dirt, blacker than that,
Go, go ahead White Caps. "
Later green berets appeared, on the right side of which there is a stylized image of a grenade with seven flames. They are not worn with a full dress.
During the first four months, before taking the oath, the recruit can leave the location of the legion at any minute (the second parachute regiment leads in the number of "refuseniks"). After that, it takes up to a month to review the resignation report, and usually this month is one of the worst “deserters” in life.
A spokesman for the Foreign Legion, Lieutenant Gregory Gavrois, didn’t say that the typical recruit of this unit was “a restless person with a fragile psyche who decided to change his country, has lost its roots, and seeks to start life from scratch.” And therefore, the advertising slogans of the Foreign Legion are the call "Change your fate!" and its definition as "second chance schools." During the selection process, they still look at the petty offenses of the candidates through their fingers, but try to cut off people who have served their sentences for serious crimes and are accused of extremism and drug trafficking. “A legionnaire is rarely an angel, but never a criminal,” the official site of the Foreign Legion now assures.
And Colonel Pierre Framager is more optimistic:
And this advertising poster of the legion offers “to look at life in a new way” (or “to see another life”?)
Legion's own magazine (Kepi Blanc) should help a rookie get to know history of this combat unit:
After the collapse of the USSR, the legion included many immigrants from the former Soviet republics (as well as countries that were members of the Warsaw Pact), according to some reports, up to 30% of all personnel. In second place are immigrants from Latin America - 25%, least of all Asians - 8%. As a result, the official site of the legion appeared Russian-language version (in addition to French and English).
A Frenchman who wishes to join the legion as an ordinary, receives a new passport in which he appears as a citizen of some French-speaking country. Such may be Switzerland (where there are French-speaking cantons), Belgium, Luxembourg, Canada. This little trick allows French presidents to avoid uncomfortable questions from journalists about the deaths of unclear where and why French citizens. And mercenaries without a clan and tribe and with a suspicious biography ... Who are they interested in, who will consider them? It is believed that such “former Frenchmen” in the legion are now about 20% of the total number of military personnel.
In order to become an officer, you must first obtain French citizenship, but they still give him very reluctantly before leaving.
Foreign Legion units are the only ones officially prohibited from serving women. Susan Travers, who was the only exception to this rule, was described in an article “The French Foreign Legion in the First and Second World Wars”.
Women who now work in the structures of the legion (laundresses, cleaners, cooks and others) are civilian, they are not legionnaires.
They say that soldiers and sergeants who have served in the Legion are willingly accepted into modern private military companies, which were described a little in the article. "Private military companies: a respectable business of respected gentlemen".
And many former legionnaires from those who do not like the harsh order of the French barracks, or those who cannot find a place in civilian life, take the opportunity to find employment in these structures.
In the next article, we, as promised earlier (in the article “Zouaves. New and unusual military units of France "), let's talk about the zouaves of the armies of other countries.
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