The newspaper "Pravda" of 1933 on fascism and fascists
Filing numbers of the newspaper Pravda from the Penza Regional Archive, and not for the whole year, but for only a few months. For the whole year - these are three such folders
Mark Gospel 8:36
History and documents. Newspapers, newspapers, newspapers from the archive ... How many times have I had to turn over their yellowed pages! He first looked into them somewhere in 1983, when he began working at the Department of History of the CPSU of the Penza Polytechnic Institute and writing the first historical and journalistic articles. It was the easiest. I went to the archive. He took the newspaper to the appropriate date and wrote about how this or that event was reflected in our press some years ago. Then work on the dissertation and the book "Tanks total wars ”, for which we had to calculate the loss indicators of our and German tanks according to the Sovinformburo. I found the “Message of the Soviet Government on Lend-Lease Supplies of June 11, 1944” and sent memoirs of our marshals and generals to read to our students. Who will find the link or the mention of "Messages ..." in the book - five without an exam! No one found! Then he searched - he didn’t find it either ... Then he read the Pravda right from 1918 until 1953, and selectively - until 1991, he briefly lived the entire history of the country. And therefore I can rightfully declare that this reading is most interesting, even more interesting than many historical monographs and studies. But few of our people have the desire and ability to do so. Our Penza archive, for example, is crammed daily with people rummaging through their genealogies. That's not laziness for them, but why? Grafiev, after all, no one has ever found there in his past ... "Interesting!" “I want to know the history of the past!” Here is how? Commendable! And read the Pravda newspaper? “Oh well ...” But in vain, by the way, because a huge number of our citizens do not really know the history of their own country. How is it with Pushkin? “She eats fables!” And that is exactly the case.
By the way, this material also appeared to a certain extent as an answer to the "fables" of some experts in the history of our country - here, at VO. It was their comments that prompted me this topic. So today we will begin to get acquainted with what the newspaper Pravda, the printing organ of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, wrote about German fascists and everything that was connected with them. Well, the chronological framework will be this: from 1933 to August 1939, because after August the phrase "German fascism" disappeared from our newspaper rhetoric - until June 22, 1941. In order not to get tired of one topic, purely for the sake of interest we will add here also the “topic of success” (or some readers are offended that they are not!), And also rejoice at unique photographs of Russian scientific and technological progress!
We at VO have people who believe that German Nazism and Italian fascism are “things” that are somewhat different from each other. And yes, indeed, the way it is! It was only in the 30s that our newspaper Pravda did not distinguish between these two concepts and therefore wrote: “German fascism”, “German fascists” and so on. This must be borne in mind when you talk and write about that era, because ... it was. Well, now let's get down to the newspapers proper and be glad that without leaving our home, thanks to VO, we have the opportunity to read all this and plunge into the world of that era!
Until Hitler came to power, under his leadership, as you see, there were gangs, that is, who was he? The leader of the gang and, of course, the gangster himself. And even in Berlin, the masses of people committed suicide!
The problem was not that Nazism and fascism were confused in the 30s, but that fascism proper and the so-called social fascism existed. The last term appeared again in our USSR, but only ... in the 20s. What is their difference, who was the godfather of the latter, we will definitely tell you somehow. For now, we only note that Pravda made sure that confusion in these terms did not arise.
The Communist Party appealed to the German workers. But ... it didn’t lead to anything. By the way, not everyone knows that the Nazis on their way to power were not the first to be supported by the peasants, not by the workers, and not even “furious shopkeepers”, but ... associate professors of German universities! All-German trade union of associate professors! Do you know why? Hitler promised them to increase their salaries four times!
They suggested, because the Social Democrats offered the Communists to unite in the elections. But they refused. "After the Nazis - we are!" - they put forward such a slogan. Yeah, you, who would let you!
And here is the report of atrocities in Nazi prisons. It is clear that people learned about Auschwitz and Treblinka after 1945. But what they knew then was quite enough to write about the atrocities and horrors of fascism. Or is this not enough for someone?
As for the promised successes, then ... I would like to start here with this newspaper headline. Then, the fact that the mother is at the machine, and her child is in the nursery, was perceived as a huge victory of the new system. But already in the 80s of the last century, even in the USSR, a similar situation was perceived in a completely different way. Well, about today you can not talk. Ideals have changed a lot
Pravda wrote a lot about the construction and commissioning of the White Sea-Baltic Canal. Gorky, of course, did not write about how many people died in this construction, but he noted here with this article ...
“Thirty Fifteen” is a planted plant under article 35. And now, it turns out that even female labor was also used in the construction of this canal. But what, we undertook to erase the differences between mental labor and physical, so why not erase the differences between man and woman?
Very interesting material about the “reforging” of engineer Maslov. What is the first material that this is just a ready-made plot for a historical novel. It is a pity that now there is no one to write such novels and no one to read. And by the way, read the text more closely - how well written, right ?!
And these are photos of those who led the construction of the canal. Look at their faces and ... remember their fate. G.G. Berry - well, there was my article about him at VO. Therefore, we only name the year of death: 1938. That is, for only 5 years he had a chance to "catch". And then they banged their own. How mean and disgusting! His own! He built such a channel and what did he get in the end? Bullet in the back of the head! L.I. Kogan was sent to the next world in the 39th. True, he was rehabilitated in 1956. That is, he suffered innocently. M. D. Berman - the same year of execution and the same Kommunarka training ground, but rehabilitated in the 57th, which means that it is also an “innocent victim”. But he had an older brother Boris: he also rose to the rank of famous, and also banged him in the 39th. This is not rehabilitated. I wonder why?
The least fortunate were S.G. Firin - they plopped in 1937, but were rehabilitated in 1956. Does this mean that "spanked" about such a person can not write? But as? The “victim of repression” is probably better. But something says that both the executioners and the victims could not be there. Who was lucky was the construction specialists who were on time, members of wreckers, former White Guards-Kolchakites (that's how it is!), But lucky ... Ya. D. Rapoport died in his bed in 1962. S. Ya. Zhuk (he was the second lieutenant at Kolchak) worked well and was released on parole in the 32nd, became an academician, general, Hero of Socialist. Labor Buried in the Kremlin wall
N. A. Frenkel died in 1960, and K. A. Verzhbitsky, who was sitting under Article 58-7, received early release. And the conclusion: you need to be a good specialist not in knocking out teeth (these are usually the first to be consumed), but in designing something really worthwhile, to which the vast majority do not reach their brains. There are chances to escape in any mode!
Well, now look at the photo. It is interesting that such projects of air trains constantly fell on the pages of "Truth", "Techniques for Youth", "Science and Life", but ... so far they have not really come to fruition
This photo from the May Day demonstration is very interesting. After all, the picture shows the T-35-1, an experimental T-35 tank, just created by our designers. Just. And already at the parade. Everything is just like with "Armata"!
Just a gorgeous photo: an iron horse replaces a peasant horse! What a pity that on the third page, and not on the first and not half a page! And it would be necessary ...
Finally, the last photo, or rather, a drawing. Not a specialist in aircraft, so I can’t say what kind of monster it is or whether it was built. Maybe one of the readers of "VO" will realize?
To be continued ...
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