The first harbingers of a global maritime confrontation
Over the years, exaggerated by our and Western military experts, political scientists and the media, the fact that it is from the Syrian theater of war that a new protracted round of the Cold War is slowly developing, is being confirmed more and more often. In order to protect the strategically important naval infrastructure of the Russian Navy in Tartus, Avb Khmeimim and the UAR government forces from possible aggression from Turkey and the Arabian coalition-supporting DAIS, the airspace of the UAR is regularly patrolled by the best serial multipurpose fighters to gain air superiority of the generation " 4 ++ ”Su-35S, and for the purpose of long-range aerial and ground reconnaissance and target designation, the A-50U Aircraft and Aircraft Optical and Radio-technical reconnaissance aircraft are used. As you know, the last machine is many times superior to the American counterpart E-214C "J-STARS" due to the multi-frequency scanning modes of the radar complex with AFAR MRK-8, which allow for subsurface radar with the detection of military infrastructure in the thickness of soil, sand, snow. This gives the General Staff of the Russian Federation the most complete picture of the ongoing movements of military units in neighboring states, friendly to the United States and Syria. But there is also the Red and Mediterranean Seas, the degree of danger from which could soon exceed the “red mark”, which could not but have caused the appearance in the Syrian sky of types of strategic strategy completely unusual for this region aviation.
So, over the Syrian city of Idlib, on the video provided by the local population, you can see the long-range anti-submarine aircraft Tu-142М3, which is on duty only 65 km from the Mediterranean coast. According to local residents, such a plane appears over the province for the fifth time, which indicates regular patrol of the coast and sea borders of Syria. The main advantage of using Tu-142М3 over IL-38Н over the Eastern Mediterranean is the strategic range of the first one, which is 6500 km. “Bear-F Mod 4”, taking off from the air bases of the Krasnodar Territory, and flying over the Caspian Sea, Iran and Iraq, can retreat for a few hours over Syria, returning to the Russian Federation (landing on Syrian air bases is also not required), distance to Russian airfields only about 2500 km. The second advantage is the greater practical ceiling of using 13500 m for increased radio horizon monitoring of enemy AUG. Observation is more important than ever when the surface combat ships and submarines of the NATO naval forces keep at a considerable distance from Syria, near the western coast of Cyprus, which is due to the presence of the "Bastions" in the SAR. Forced to be on duty near Tartus, our SC and IPC cannot reliably find out all the actions and composition of the remote CUG, and in particular its underwater cover, located outside the second far zone of acoustic illumination (more than 140 km).
Also, the sea "Bear" can be on duty in the airspace near the Suez Canal for a long time, tracking the deployment of aircraft-carrier strike groups of the US Navy entering the Red Sea. Together with the less long-range Il-38H, the Bears could form an echeloned antisubmarine defense, given that Ilyushin is currently equipped with the more advanced Nopple PPP (search and targeting system) capable of collecting acoustic information from most types of known and developed by the active-passive RSL, analyze it and transmit it to other facilities of the Navy and Air Force via coded radio channels for the exchange of tactical information. Anti-submarine "Bear" over Syria - an event very important, from a number of forerunners of the approaching global military-strategic tensions. And his appearance here is an absolutely adequate asymmetrical response to the sudden mobilization of most American AUGs, as well as to the use of deck tactical fighters in launching bombing attacks on ISIL strongholds that for the first time since Operation Iraqi Freedom (2003 year) have risen from the deck of the Nimitz-class atomic aircraft carrier CVN-75 USS "Harry S. Truman" for the purpose of a combat mission in Western Asia. The next demonstration of the US Navy performed: we know about the "effectiveness" of the use of coalition tactical aviation in Syria, but it is much more interesting to know what chain of events lies behind the arrival of the Harry Truman AUG in the Mediterranean Sea.
According to Defense News, with reference to a competent person in the US Navy, command fleet, for the first time in 4 years, it decided to send 4 AUGs to “global” duty at once. Thus, the total number of deployed groups increased to 6. Now, in support of the AUG led by CVN-75 “Harry Truman”, an AUG headed by CVN-69 USS “Dwight D. Eisenhower”, sent June 1 from eastern US coast. AUG led by the aircraft carrier CVN-76 USS “Ronald Reagan” came to the Pacific Ocean from the Yokosuka naval base, apparently for the transition and patrolling in the East China Sea, the South China Sea continues to remain under the supervision of CVN-74 USS “ John C. Stennis. " With such an operational method of deploying most of the ACG, Washington is quickly trying to take control of all key strategic directions around the hot spots that are on the list of American interests (in relation to Syria), as well as around adversary states (with Russia it is almost impossible to do this, but with China quite successfully turns out).
The CVN-70 USS "Carl Vinson" and CVN-73 USS "George Washington" aircraft carriers, having left the US Navy on the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of the United States, went to naval exercises, and the aircraft carrier CVN-77 USS "George HW Bush", already belonging to 7-th AUG, which will be deployed in the near future, is undergoing pre-training. Where the aircraft carrier strike groups will be sent to 3, the command of the US Navy is not officially reported, but some weighty reflections on this topic already exist.
The US carrier fleet does not need the cover of the North American continent at all. The fighters of the 4 and 5 generations of the F-15C "Eagle" and F-22A "Raptor", as well as the Canadian ones operating in the structure of the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD, North American Aerospace Defense Command). F / A-18C “Hornet”, coordinated more than 15 by the E-3C DRLOU aircraft, is fully capable of partially covering the US territory from limited strikes by strategic enemy cruise missiles launched from the sides of strategic rocket carriers and multi-purpose submarines. Of course, to build a full-fledged ocean-based missile defense system from our VKS and Russian Navy submarines, the US Navy will not succeed even taking into account a dozen Ticonderoga RRO UROs and two or three dozen Arleigh Burke’s UROs, given the powerful anti-submarine defense, they will be able to survive long, therefore 3 above AUG will be distributed on the most strategically important IT of the Eurasian continent.
Based on the fact that the mixed reinforced Mediterranean AUG HAS of NATO, presented by both the American aircraft carriers "Harry Truman" and "Dwight Eisenhower", and the French "Charles de Gaulle", is able to retain control over a part of Syria and at the same time participate in a long-lasting military conflict in Yemen , none of the remaining 3's factions will be directed to the shores of Southwest Asia, but may well stop in the area of the Bay of Bengal (northeastern Indian Ocean, between India and Indochina). This site is of strategic importance for the US Navy in its confrontation with the Middle Kingdom. The secret is that the Bay of Bengal is located just 1500 km from the South China Sea, which will allow the F / A-18E / F multi-role fighter aircraft based on the Carl Vinson or George W. Bush to support the aircraft carrier wing " John Stennis, now in Biendong. Since the United States and Thailand established fairly “strained” relations with 2015 regarding the use of an airbase on Phuket Island, support from the US Air Force refueling aircraft that will be able to refuel deck fighters through the Gulf of Siam to the South China Sea will be required from the military airfields in the Philippines. . Here is the point to mention the essence of our previous article: if the Americans kept and advanced the F-14D + fleet, the air tankers would not be needed, the combat range of the Super Tomcats with PTB could reach 1700 km.
The American AUG, located in the Bay of Bengal, has indisputable advantages over friendly groups located in the South China Sea. This AUG will not be able to be destroyed by the Chinese coastal YCR-YN-62A / C SCRC and even the DF-21D medium-range anti-ship ballistic missiles with a range of up to 2000 km. For the former, the Bay of Bengal is located out of reach, while the latter will need to overcome the missile defense implemented by the Vietnamese C-300PMU-2, which in this case will be in the hands of the American fleet. In the southern strategic direction of the PRC, the US Navy will need a much stronger grouping than in the eastern SN, since there are no developed fleets of the Republic of Korea and Japan, and India in the confrontation along the Spratly archipelago tries not to intervene not only on the military-tactical, but and at the geopolitical level.
So, it remains to find out where the remaining American AUGs will be on duty at 2. The North Atlantic may be the most preferred destination for them, where the interests of 5 of the main Arctic states (Russia, USA, Canada, Norway and Denmark), as well as 12 of other countries of Western, Central and Northern Europe can be joined in a dispute over the Arctic shelf. Here, the main objective of the American fleet will be to support the NATO naval forces in the arctic confrontation with the Russian Federation, as well as monitor our new submarines and surface ships engaged in the ocean crossing from the Severny shipyard, Sevmash and the Admiralty shipyards to the Mediterranean and Black Seas. Let's not forget about the NATO’s in-block “tinkers”, where the Americans probably don’t want to miss the part of the Arctic shelf adjacent to the Atlantic, from which we make an unequivocal conclusion: Washington will provide great support on the shelf far from Great Britain with its modern aircraft carriers and destroyers of the “Daring ", Namely, Denmark, since the latter has a huge island of Greenland, which is directly related to the Arctic, and it is here that the American elements of SPRN-PRO are deployed, and in particular, the AN / FPS-132 EWR radar. There are a lot of subtleties here, and it may take years for their consideration. And the most interesting thing is that behind each carrier-based strike force of the American fleet, firstly, it stands from 1-th to 2-x "Aegis" RKR URO class "Ticonderoga", from 3-x to 4-x destroyers URO class "Arly Burke" and from 1 to 3-x MAPL class "Los Angeles", carrying from 12 to 36 KR "Tomahawk" (frigates "Oliver Perry" and support ships do not take into account, because their strike and defensive potential today, to put it mildly, "at the level of the curb"). Now it’s worth looking at the numbers.
In “free swimming”, outside AUG, remains from 20 to 30 EM class “Arly Burke”, from 5 to 10 “Ticonderoc” and up to a dozen “Los Angeles”. They can be evenly distributed on the most dangerous SNs for the States and NATO - the northern part of the Pacific Ocean, the Arctic region and the Baltic States, which will require enormous efforts from our Navy to create the proper strategic "counterweight". This will be especially noticeable in the alignment of forces after the start of the modernization of American Aegis-destroyers with promising X-band AMDR multi-channel MRLSs that can operate in X-55CM and Caliber as well, than the outdated AN / SPY-1D with single-channel radar AN / SPG-62 “spotlights”. And we in the Northern Fleet have only one of the best multipurpose nuclear submarines in the world. 885 K-560 “Severodvinsk” (“Ash” class) and more 5 operating “Anteyev”, apparently, should be accelerated. Today, Kazan, Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk, Arkhangelsk and Perm are also preparing for the descent. The level of these submarine missile cruisers already exceeds the famous Sea Wolf, but the number is definitely not enough. Great efforts in this direction are being made from the Chinese side.
What is worth a promising program for equipping multipurpose nuclear submarines of the 093 and 095 types with supersonic anti-ship missiles YJ-100 capable of destroying enemy surface targets at a distance of up to 300 km. The multipurpose nuclear submarines built on the Bohai Shipyard (Yellow Sea) Type 93 Shan, in comparison with the previous project Han, have lower acoustic noise, as well as a much more advanced sonar complex and a modern BIUS. If you look at the modification of the Type 93T on sketches presented on the Chinese Internet, then on each of its boards you can see 4 large passive acoustic antenna arrays, which can be used to detect underwater and surface targets in remote areas of acoustic illumination. The six-blade propeller has an increased efficiency compared to the seven-blade propeller (on versions Type 093 and Type 093A), but it has an increased level of noise, which is a disadvantage if all American ships have UROs with powerful HA SQS-53 (V) 2 / SQS-53C to the antisubmarine combat systems of the AN / SQQ-89 family. The advantage of this submarine is also the presence of a mini-submarine for the transfer of combat swimmers "SDB". The submarine is equipped with 6 533-mm torpedo tubes, which can launch more than a dozen YJ-4 100 flywheel anti-ship missiles from the underwater mode (a bit later). But the Chinese do not stop at the Shan class, and they are working on the 095 Type project, which combines all the best qualities of the Shan submarines with the Russian and European low-noise concepts for modern diesel and nuclear submarines, on the basis of the strategic submarines data base.
Not much is known about the atomic strike submarine cruisers. There is a sketch, as well as information on the architecture of the armament complex of new submarines, from which we will continue to build on. The first thing you should pay attention to is a universal vertical launcher of a type for launching strategic cruise and anti-ship missiles. It has similarities with the Ukrainian Internal Control Department of the UHPU pr. 95 "Lada", but the number of launch modules in the Chinese submarine is 677, in ours - 16. Everything is natural, because MAPL Type 10 has 095 times the displacement, and, accordingly, - internal volumes. The length of the Chinese submarine is about 3 meters, and the width - 110 meters, which makes it one of the most compact multi-purpose submarines in comparison with other products. So, in a similar displacement are the American "Sea Wolf" and the British "Estyut". The 11 “Ash” project, for example, has a length of 885 m, and the width of the hull is 139,2 m, with a displacement of 13 tons. The maximum depth of immersion of the Fo-hai novelty does not shine, but it is not on the lower bar: it approaches 13800 m, which is noticeably better than the British Astute (450 m), and is on par with the French Barlcuda-class MAPL (300 m ). The speed promised by the Chinese manufacturer Type 400 should reach the 095 nodes in the underwater mode, which is slightly higher than the Ash-tree (33 node) and lower than the Sea Wolf (31 nodes). Parameters worthy. And what about the noise of the Chinese "killer aircraft carriers"?
Here, Chinese experts decided to design an original water jet propulsion scheme, where instead of the standard for Russian and Western submarines, the design of a water cannon's annular water intake was used with a 2 front-facing water intake, an elongated water line, an internal impeller (screw) and a small nozzle orifice, whose area is significantly smaller than the total area of water intakes. Obviously, the 2 watercourse channels are combined in front of the propeller into one large water conduit.
Such a scheme has a number of advantages over standard “ring” water-jet plants. First, the impeller is not in a separate annular casing, but inside the submarine hull, which allows for its constructive separation from the water intake and nozzle openings, and this significantly reduces the hydrodynamic disturbances of the water and the noise of the submarine; Also, to reduce the noise on the hull, more sound-absorbing materials can be used, which cover the screw at the edges of the “annular” water cannon only in small angles relative to the longitudinal axis of the submarine: all 150 — 160 degrees from the longitudinal axis in the rear hemisphere are within direct line of sight for passive enemy SACs. Hydroacoustic oscillations tend to spread well in the presence of obstacles, and therefore, in part, sounds can spread even from the air intake itself. At MAPL Type 095, water intakes, firstly, have a large elongation, and secondly, a light constructive bend, formed by the narrowing of the rear part of the body, the distribution of sounds from these geometrically complex water lines is minimal.
Due to the fact that the screw is hidden in the bowels of the hull, there is also a decrease in the radar signature of the submarine at the time of the likely surface mode of the course. With the same purpose, cutting house dimensions are reduced by a factor of about 2 and the original compact tail unit, represented by one vertical stabilizer with horizontal control planes, was developed. The internal water-jet installation also allows to improve the cooling system of water-cooled nuclear reactors due to the increased hydrodynamic pressure directly from the water intakes.
At the beginning of the description of the promising Chinese MAPL, we promised to consider its armament complex in more detail. Already, the submarine Type 095 is planned to be armed with anti-ship missiles YJ-100 (the second name is YJ-81). According to the scanned sketch of the universal universal launcher for multi-purpose submarines found by the “Military Parity” on the Chinese Internet, we have a slightly reworked and improved TLU of types B-203А / B-204, 6-cellular fixed version of which is installed today on Chinese destroyers ERO 052С Type « Lanzhou. The new UVU received 2 additional central starting cells and became 8-cellular. “Military parity,” referring to bloggers and other Internet browsers, stated that a single submarine, the Type 095, is capable of placing on board the entire UVNXX4 UVPU (8 CRP), however, the drawings indicate that all 32 launch modules can be “Charged” with one UVTU on 16 starting cells, i.e. the entire silo can carry 8 anti-ship missiles capable of erasing a full-fledged American AUG from any sector of the naval theater. Considering that this submarine is atomic and ultra low noise, even with the Poseidons, the main naval satellites of American democracy can see the underwater volley of hundreds of high-speed YJ-128s from a distance of just over a hundred kilometers in any part of the World Ocean.
YJ-100 itself is a high-speed anti-ship missile, capable of speeds up to 4200 km / h. A large elongation body with developed large sweep wings allows maintaining a high supersonic speed even after the power plant burns out fuel. On the CRP is not visible air intakes, which could indicate the presence of a marching TRDD to reach the target at a transonic speed. Most likely, the rocket has a ballistic flight trajectory with access to the stratosphere, with acceleration to 4M and a dive at 2 — 3-flight speed. Intercepting YJ-100 with upgraded Ajises will not be difficult, but their number and proximity of launch will not allow the aircraft carrier escort Ticonderomes and Arley Burke to “utter” how much of the AUG will be destroyed. YJ-100 has an aerodynamic similarity with our X-58U anti-radar missile, which is why we see the high LTX of a Chinese rocket. Aware of the fact that the ballistic flight path of an anti-ship missile is not at all a promising side of the YJ-100, it can be assumed that it has already developed a turbojet dual-engine cruise engine and a specialized solid-fuel accelerator for it. A similar principle is applied in our anti-ship modification of the Caliber cruise missile - 3М54Е. The only detail is that the starting cells of the Chinese RCC require a specialized version of the YJ-100 with folding aerodynamic planes of smaller span.
The rapid development of the electronic technologies of the Celestial Empire over the past two decades has made it possible to speed up progress in the area of military radar and hydroacoustic systems by an order of magnitude. Hydroacoustic complexes installed on Chinese MAPL with distributed synthetic aperture H / SQS-207 can be considered a real crown of the PRC's naval technologies. The open software architecture of the complex allows the integration of any number of acoustic antennas on the sides of the hull, the bow-active-passive HOOK, as well as the towed HAC extending from the fairing on the tail fin. For a new submarine Type 095, any configuration of onboard acoustic antenna arrays can be selected, which can be adopted in accordance with any version of Shan-class submarines. So, if the base submarine Type 093 is equipped with 6 passive acoustic AP (3 on each side), then the modification Type 095G has 4 AP (2 on each side, while the first AP has an aperture area equal to 4-m small grids, which makes the Type 093G no less perfect than the Type 093T). The 93G type is also considered to be the first among the Shan class atomic submarines equipped with a modular UVPU for the CD and PKR, equating its shock potential with the Type 095.
Let's not forget that the tremendous success of the Chinese MAPL development program. The 93 / 95 type is exclusively due to the Russian projects of the 2 X-Generation 671 torpedo multipurpose 671 “Yorsh” and 60РТМ (К) “Schuka” (in accordance with the NATO classification - “Victor-I”). and "Victor-III"), which went into the series at the end of the 600-ies. These submarines even then differed in the maximum depth of the dive, the component of 650 - 31 m, advanced CICS, as well as the speed of the underwater course, component of the 230 node. Installed on the "Pike" SJC "Skat" was able to detect a sound-emitting target at a distance of 29 km (second distant zone of acoustic illumination), and its own noise remained at such a low level that 1996 February 250 of the year occurred out of the ordinary when more than in the 448 km from the Hebrides, the NATO KUG, which conducted anti-submarine exercises, could not detect the presence of the Russian nuclear torpedo submarine K-971 "Tambov" until the latter came up with a request to deliver one of the crew members to the British Clinic for the treatment of peritonitis, which arose after surgery to remove appendicitis. It is interesting that initially the British media deliberately distorted information about the undetected Russian submarine, assigning it to the more modern 20 project “Pike-B”. Later it turned out that it was a submarine, the draft of which was developed by XNUMX years ago, which finally dispelled Western myths about the lag of Russian submarine technology from that achieved in the naval forces of NATO.
China was able to multiply all the advantages of our project, in particular, to achieve a greater reduction in noise and increase the impact potential, while maintaining superiority in crew numbers over American MAPL of the Los Angeles class (105 vs. 127). Type 093 and Type 095 make Washington think long and hard about the actions of its naval forces in the South China and East China seas before disrupting the territorial waters near Spratly and especially “active” off the coast of Diaoyudo, because now you can shave it and shave it no longer at the Middle Kingdom itself, but completely at any point of all the oceans. It may also be one of the root causes of the mobilization of most US AUGs, which are ordered to act proactively, tracking any underwater activities of the Chinese Navy in IATR. A real panic in the American military circles is also sown by the unique location of the construction sites “Bohai Shipbuilding Heavy Industry”, where the assembly of the newest Chinese atomic multipurpose submarines takes place. Almost all the assembly facilities and stocks are located in a deep underground room, there is also an "underground harbor". This design allows you to launch promising submarines beyond the observation of enemy reconnaissance satellites. They can not monitor the stocks and ground target designation of the type E-8C "J-STARS" and P-8A "Poseidon" operating from South Korean air bases, since deep placement does not allow the centimeter waves of their RLK to pass through the ground. The Americans to the last remain completely ignorant of the modifications of strategic submarine strike missile cruisers of the PRC, which are going on combat duty.
It is very important that even 5-10 submarines Type 093G / 095 are able to completely change the balance of power in the Indian and Pacific oceans, putting American AUGs in a difficult position, and even more Americans are straining the pace of descent of new Chinese surface ships and submarines that are not inferior to performance the state shipyards and the company Bath Iron Works and Ingalls Shipbuilding, carrying out mass production of destroyers Arley Burke and Ticonderoga missile cruisers.
From a military and strategic point of view, all deployed US carrier strike forces may complicate the actions of the Chinese TG surface forces in the World Ocean, but the large-scale development of a low-noise submarine fleet will gradually shift the balance towards the PLA, which would later be reinforced by the appearance of promising Chinese supersonic low-profile strategic rocket carriers YH-X, H-20 long-range bombers, as well as high-precision hypersonic UAVs weaponscapable of reaching not only the 3-th operational zone of the “three chains” concept (Hawaiian Islands), but also the United States itself.
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