Laser in the hands of a soldier
Today, when the appearance of the Armed Forces is changing in a fairly short time and the requirements for their equipment and combat readiness are being tightened, the development of the training and material base (UIB) and technical training aids is becoming the most important factor affecting the improvement of the quality of the military personnel and combat skills of the troops.
POLYGONS BECOME MODERN
Let me remind you of the generally accepted axiom: it is impossible to master the high-tech means of warfare, modern forms and methods of its conduct, without having the latest training tools. No teaching methods will compensate for the absence or imperfection of the necessary UMB.
Moreover, the work carried out in the Ministry of Defense to equip military units with a modern training and material base, capable of providing training of troops for their intended purpose in a short time and with the necessary quality, assumes that the well-proven methods of training will not be forgotten. At the same time, the formation of the structure and system for the use of UIB in the new look of the Armed Forces required the introduction of other concepts, terms and definitions, the revision of a number of guiding documents governing its use and support.
In the order of the Minister of Defense "On the educational and material base of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation", its classification was made. Depending on the complexity and volume of the tasks, the field UMB VS now includes the following objects:
- polygons of military districts;
- centers of combat training and combat use of types and types of troops;
- ground aviation training grounds of the Air Force and naval aviation of the Navy fleet;
- educational complexes of formations, military units and military universities.
This classification, linked to the training stages of military personnel, units and formations as a whole, defines the system for the use of UIB in the training of troops (forces).
Thus, training facilities located in the permanent locations of the formations (training centers, military vocational education institutions), consisting of training buildings (classes), training systems, command post and field training facilities, will provide training for individual military personnel in the specialties, as well as to work out the issues of their joint actions in the composition of staff offices, platoons, companies (batteries).
Training centers for aviation crews, subunits and military units of all types of aviation, as well as training exercises for anti-aircraft missile systems and systems are being worked out in combat training centers and combat use of combat personnel types and combat arms of the Armed Forces of the Air Forces and naval aviation, as well as training of anti-aircraft missile systems and systems formations of the Air Defense Forces, missile forces and artillery.
The main purpose of the military district polygons as the largest objects of the field training and material base of the Armed Forces is to ensure that all types of armed forces conduct tactical exercises with live firing and the use of various means of destruction under conditions as close as possible to combat ones.
In the future, it is planned to create combat training centers on the basis of the landfills (one in each military district), where they will not only train servicemen for specialties and conduct tactical exercises with real ammunition consumption or the use of laser shooting and destruction simulators, but also, most importantly, simulate the fighting in any theater. One of the key conditions for the functioning of these centers is the creation of systems for objective monitoring of the results of combat training, on the basis of which methodological recommendations should be issued to the commanders of the units to adjust the training of not only the units, but also each military man. And for training activities in mountain conditions, it is planned to establish in the North Caucasus Military District a center for mountain training of the RF Armed Forces.
Such a division of the educational material base builds into a coherent system not only the order of using its facilities, but also their supply with the necessary material and technical means. Over the past few years, a lot of work has been done to create modern sets of polygon equipment, based on the latest advances in information technology. This will ensure its mobility, ease of operation and durability in use. Thus, at a number of field fire preparation facilities of the Ground and Airborne Forces, automated systems are already in operation, which help organizations of various target situations with a large number of targets and obtain objective data on their defeat.
In 2009, the planned delivery to the troops of a mobile autonomous radio-controlled set of ground equipment with a large radius of action began, which is particularly effective in organizing fire and tactical training in the mountains and on unprepared terrain.
The plywood targets made by the troops in the “old-fashioned” way are replaced by reusable polymer targets produced by the enterprises of Oboronservis. Their advantage is increased maintainability and low dependence on climate impacts. Industrial production of such targets will reduce the time, effort and resources, will free the personnel from performing tasks unusual for them. About eight thousand of these products have already been tested at landfills in various regions of the country.
The modern ideology of the development of technical means of training determines that one of the most promising areas is the creation and implementation of program-technical complexes for troops to train in the specialty of both individual military personnel and subunits (crews, crews, platoons, companies) in general, and tactical command bodies. level (battalion brigade).
It becomes clear that the century of single simulators has already ended. Computer technologies, three-dimensional full-scale modeling make it possible to widely use complexes in combat training, which provide, in varying degrees and in any conditions, modeling the use of standard weapons and military equipment against the background of tactical tasks.
TRAINING IN ONLINE MODE
At present, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are already beginning to receive such training complexes. This primarily refers to the provision of training for high-tech specialties, such as the crew of the Navy, the flight and engineering staff of the Air Force and Naval Aviation of the Navy, and missile systems specialists. In addition to training, training facilities provide an opportunity to improve existing skills and restore lost skills, provide an objective assessment of the professional qualifications of servicemen in their specialty at the time of training. It is gratifying that they have already begun to enter the formations and military units of the general-purpose forces.
When studying the experience of the advanced armies of the world, it can be seen that in many countries modern technologies are widely used for training units. Training tools have become mobile, allowing to conduct classes not only at points of permanent deployment of troops, but also when entering the landfills. Especially widely such methods and forms are used by the NATO leadership in preparing their peacekeeping contingents operating in unfamiliar terrain and in different climatic conditions. The effectiveness of the training of troops, the level of their training in the introduction of these technologies has increased significantly.
For example, the armies of the United States and its allies use a simulator to train the motorized infantry division of the Kubik company. It has shown its effectiveness in conducting shooting training of single military personnel and as part of a squad. The developments of the Lockheed Martin company ensure the coordination of the crews of armored vehicles, motorized infantry and tank units without the use of the material part of weapons and equipment. The most effective are systems of objective control over the results of exercises, which allow carrying out bilateral tactical maneuvers with the maximum approximation to the real conditions of combined arms combat, and objectively assessing the level of readiness of subunits.
The capabilities of the domestic industry, the achievements of our science also allow us to equip the troops (forces) with modern teaching aids that are not inferior in terms of basic criteria to their foreign counterparts. Take, for example, tactical training systems, where one of the key elements are laser imitations of shooting and hitting, automated tracking of subunit actions, as well as the preparation of necessary information to the training leader for conducting class analysis.
We have developed requirements for a simulator for preparing a motorized rifle squad, which, unlike the foreign equivalent, provides for a combat squad module for a combat vehicle, which will cover a wider range of tasks for such a unit. The development of this simulator is scheduled to begin next year.
This year, a number of development work on the creation of standardized simulators for the entire line of armored weapons, a system for training specialists and training the command level of the army air defense are being completed. In this case, one of the development conditions is that the simulator should be performed in both stationary and mobile versions.
On the approach are modern training complexes for naval aviation and the crew of the Navy, the front aviation of the Air Force, the Strategic Missile Forces, the Space Forces. Such means are able to provide both single training of military personnel and coordination of crews (crews), subunits, testing actions of combat posts and command posts, train military command and control systems, and distribute tasks based on a single concept in a single modeling system.
Another important direction is control over the organization and quality of training troops. To this end, work is underway to create an automated control system that will facilitate the analysis of the results of combat training, speed up the adoption of relevant decisions and the development of necessary recommendations, and allow for the online activities to adjust the actions of the leaders of the classes. During the 2010-2011 period, it was planned to build a pilot area of such a system vertically for managing combat training of units deployed in the territory of several military districts.
Alas, for a number of objective reasons, we have not yet managed to completely solve the problem of technical re-equipment of the UIB. In order to develop common approaches to solving this problem, the 5th scientific and technical conference on the development of the technical basis of the UMB of general purpose forces ("VPK", №2010, 14 year) was held in Tula on March at the production base of OAO Tulatochmash in Tula. . The conference was attended by more than 2010 enterprises of the defense complex of Russia, the leadership of the relevant government bodies of the Ministry of Defense and other security agencies of the Russian Federation.
A number of coordinated decisions were adopted aimed at unifying modules and components of technical training aids produced by different companies, reducing production costs and, accordingly, product prices.
In addition, in order to exempt servicemen from the execution of non-core functions, it is planned to transfer these works to third-party organizations in terms of outsourcing.
These are prospects, but they are achievable if the whole range of the above tasks of upgrading the UIB and equipping it with high-tech training complexes is performed. That will create the necessary environment for a new technological breakthrough in the combat training of troops.
Information