Future Triumph of Typhoon
In my previous articles I touched upon the theme of the combat unified platforms of the new generation: Armata, Kurganets-25 and Boomerang. For the complete set there is not enough article about the multipurpose (cargo and combat) platforms "Typhoon". Since this topic has already been touched upon (including on this resource), I will focus on stories question, general analysis and some details.
By the way, before reading the article, look at this photo:
This Kamaz-4310 "Typhoon-1". One very reputable newspaper in due time hastened to call this particular car “the newest armored car Typhoon for the Ministry of Defense”. The mistake came out ... This is an old, still 90x, semi-handicraft booking option for an ordinary KamAZ, made at an experimental plant in St. Petersburg.
Of course, this KamAZ has nothing to do with the “Typhoons”. “Same names” ...
History.
(attention history and chronology are based on fragmentary data and may not be completely accurate).
"Typhoons" could not appear on an empty place. The beautiful words that the machines were designed in just one year are only partly true. As in the case of combat unified platforms, "Typhoon" is also based on previous developments on the topic of promising trucks. And these developments are very extensive. It is necessary to understand them in more detail.
So, according to Sergey Mayev, the former head of the GABTU, it is known that the Typhoon OCD is a development of the Garage OCD. The history of this program can be traced from the time of the collapse of the USSR - at least on the Web there is a mention of the existence of this OCD as early as 91. Interestingly, the military has long cherished the idea of a unified truck family, the Soviet theme “Land” is an example of this. The USSR would not have developed, perhaps, instead of modern KamAZ and Uralov, the army would be equipped with unified trucks with Kustanai engines ...
In the framework of the general theme “Garage” in different years there were different stages: “Garage-1”, “Garage-2” and finally “Garage-2.1”. The latter was developed during the 2003-2006 period and was implemented in the metal as a family of prototypes.
There is evidence of the existence in the metal and earlier topics. For example, these mortal remains of trucks most likely belong to the Garage-2 family, developed from the end of the 90x. The unified cab was designed in NAMI. Apparently, the cabin provided for the installation of local protection.
The remains of the prototype OCD "Garage-2"?
So what was the Garage program? It remains to conclude from the available bits of information that the program was a “fixed idea”: the task was to create a cargo platform that was fully unified between the two largest manufacturers of WAT, KamAZ and UralAZ. Unified was assumed not only the cabin, but also the power plant, suspension and other components. Naturally, all these nodes, like the finished prototype samples, were seriously different from the line of the KAMAZ-4310 and Ural-4320 series machines.
By the way, here's a picture (taken from the site of the Auto-Review magazine), most likely it belongs to the later iterations of the Garage:
The Garage program had no serious successes, and the troops demanded ready-made equipment. By the way, the “spare” themes “Mustang” and “Auto-engine” for intra-specific unified truck families from UralAZ and KamAZ: Ural-43206 / 4320 / 5323 “Auto-engine” wheel wheel formulas 4хX4 / 66 / qnNNXX / 88 / qntheNNXX / 43505350 / qnNNXX / NNXX6350 / NNXX / 4 / NNXX4 / NNXX6 / NNXX6 / 8 / NNXX8 / XNUMX / NNXXXNUMX / XNUMX / NNXXXNUMX / XNUMX / NNXXXNUMX / XNUMX wheelset formulas XNUMX Mustang formulas XNUMXхXNUMX / XNUMXхXNUMX / XNUMXхXNUMX. Now they constitute the majority of new army trucks, in the medium term, the need for BAT was solved, but the main task of unification between the plants could not be achieved.
"The Bear"
Looking at the photos of Miass "Typhoon" one cannot help but get rid of the feeling of déjà-vu - there is something extremely familiar in the shape of a truck. ..
Well, of course - the configuration of the body module, the appearance of the cabin: it is painfully similar to the "Bears".
Namely, for the family of armored trucks (more precisely, modifications of existing models) of the OCD Medved, which were developed at the Scientific-Research Institute Steel together with the head design bureaus of automobile plants. A well-known developer of body armor had to develop unified cabins and functional modules for Uralov (Auto-locomotive) and KamAZ (Mustang).
Astays was the manufacturer of cabs and modules for KamAZ, and for the Urals, most likely, cabins and modules were manufactured at the plant itself.
Cabins and modules were booked on 6 class GOST (7.62x54mm armor-piercing rifle bullet with 5-10 meters). Reservations from a steel alloy were frame-panel, fastened to the cabin by bolts. It was possible to vary the level of protection or even remove the armor altogether.
Do not forget about mine protection. In the architecture of both modules, the cab and the body, you can see the desire to minimize the effect of the blast wave during blasting - the so-called V-shaped bottom of the modules is present. In addition, the floor and the cockpit and body module was equipped with additional protection. ... Unfortunately, the photo of the interior of the functional module ("nuts" as it is called for the form in the plan) suggests that the measures for mine protection were clearly insufficient - wooden benches for soldiers clearly not intended to preserve their health and life. It’s like with a bullet-proof vest - it’s important not only to prevent a breakthrough, but also to prevent a deadly, super-graded injury. The same with mine protection - an armored vehicle may not get a bottom break with the shock wave flowing inwards, but people inside will feel all the delights of extreme overloads (higher than that of astronauts), which, given the mounting of the seats to the floor, will directly affect their spine. And not a shock-absorbing floor will break their legs. ... Not to mention the lack of seat belts (and they are desirable with a special, multi-point design) - breaking the head and / or neck fracture against the ceiling is guaranteed.
Judging by these photos (far left), the tests of the “Bears” on the blast were actively conducted.
And yet - "Typhoons" can be called the successor to "Bears" only partially. Because OCD "Bear" provided for the unification of only cabs and bodies - the chassis remained original, from the "Auto-locomotives" or "Mustangs", with all their flaws. Yet the first is essentially the development of 50's, and the second 60x.
Army needed a promising technique.
"Wolf" and the rest.
The already mentioned OCD “Garage” was closed by order of the MoD in 2008-2009 years .... Firstly, there was the “economic crisis”, and secondly, it was such a common “time lag”.
It got not only military motorists, but also tank crews, gunners, paratroopers ... Everyone knows the list.
MIC-3927. Found on the Internet.
It is interesting in this case to look at the rather well-known machine of the military-industrial complex-3927 "Wolf". How does she feel about Typhoons, yet another class? Let's figure it out.
As already known, "Typhoons" originated from the "Garage". And the "Wolf"? Was the most complicated high-tech machine born out of nowhere, on bare initiative?
Of course not. Here is a photo (taken from vitalykuzmin.net) of the official stand of the military-industrial complex 3927 “Wolf” at the equipment show in Bronnitsy. Pay attention to the line under the title:
That is, “Wolf” is not even a development, it is the result of the OCR “The Punisher” (do not be surprised at such a provocative name - all OCD names are given in MO and are absolutely random, there is no meaning or subtext in them), which consisted in creating the AMN family load capacity from 1 to 2.5 tons.
GAZ-29651 "The Punisher." Found on the Internet.
Having dealt with the "genesis", we will understand with constructive similarities. So, both "Wolves" and "Typhoons", except for single-volume modifications, have a frame modular design, with interchangeable functional modules. The Wolf, first shown in 2010, surprised by its sophisticated suspension with adjustable ground clearance - and the Typhoons also have a controlled suspension. The Arzamas machine armor was designed and manufactured at the Scientific Research Institute of Steel, and is a frame panel design with armored ceramics, plus finally adequate anti-mine protection (“Wolf-M” modification) - “Typhoons” have the same ideology of protection. And finally - both “Wolf” and “Typhoon” are equipped with engines of one unified line of YaMZ-530. Only the Wolf has the “small” YMZ-534, and on the “Typhoons” there are dimensional YMZ-536. But this is not all - if the engines, armor and armored glass blocks are unified, since they have common suppliers (YMZ, Steel Research Institute, Highway LTD), then there is a clear unification in the field of onboard electronics. The on-board Information Management System (CICS) is an indispensable component of modern machines, which monitors and diagnoses “smart” nodes (after all, even the engines now have electronic control). Now start the engine without preheating will not give automation.
The "Wolf" (right) and the "Typhoon" (left) CIU is the same:
Continue the search for "Typhoon Roots". So the “secret” photos of the experimental KamAZ model were found. Immediately it should be noted, and the new layout with the engine behind the cabin, and the new suspension, suspiciously similar to the final version for the “Typhoon.
And we also recall such an amusing “broneshusha” (in the world of KamAZ “Warrior”). It is interesting with an interesting wheel formula, which ensures an even distribution of mass when the “nose” is weighted down by an armored cabin with the same armored engine compartment. And the same formula was chosen for the three-axis versions of "Typhoon."
And finally, ending the topic “where Typhoons came from, one small“ thought out loud ”. As you know, the development of armored vehicles at KAMAZ was frankly "so-so", well, maybe with the exception of the "Shot" (his problems depended more on the performance). But here is “Otter”, “Warrior”! This is a natural “iron kaput”, meaningless and merciless! The appearance of KamAZ “Typhoons” surprised many, and there were opinions about the fact that it wasn’t enough without outsider, foreign help. And looking at the photo of the German Wisent you could not help wondering - maybe really?
"Typhoon"
And finally, the Typhoons proper - let's start with the general.
At the July show in Bronnitsy, a poster was shown detailing the general decisions of the Typhoon family. Including - by name are indicated the unified modular units of the structure, are indicated the modifications of the family with the difference in performance, carrying capacity, purpose. Let's start with the differences in performance. This will help us compare with Western counterparts.
KamAZ.
The most "prominent" and popular of the "Typhoons" is, undoubtedly, the frame "KAMAZ" with a separate functional module. It is simply very “textured”.
Modular KamAZ.
Its mission is the transportation of various goods in replaceable body modules. Carriage of infantry is not his main task. He is a truck, albeit with very decent protection.
Wisent.
Also German Wisent. It is also considered primarily as a truck - not a BTR or MRAP.
The wheel formula and the distinctive bonnetless design make such a Typhoon the first candidate for such dimensional functional modules as an option with the Pantsir-S air defense missile system, an option for the MLRS, an option with artillery weapons (up to 152mm ACS) - more than that, the debate about wheeled self-propelled guns for the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (not without disputes involving a foreign model, such as the Caesar self-propelled gun).
Cab "Triumph" - found on the Internet.
Until recently, the secret, corps KamAZ was introduced recently. Prior to this came across photos of an unfinished cabin and computer models that have little in common with the end result.
In a recent video from the shopping center Zvezda, this corps version was called the Triumph. Mistake? After all, the name “Triumph” was not even mentioned on another channel, they were only talking about “Typhoon” ...
Or is there no mistake, and marketers of KamAZ, using the old habit, came up with a new modification of the name with the same capital letter, by analogy with the family of their “armored sacks” “Shot-Otter-Warrior”?
Case KamAZ. Pay attention to the lower armored stairs on the windshield. Photo found on the Internet.
This version of "Typhoon" has caused a lot of controversy about its purpose. For obvious similarity with armored personnel carriers (primarily for the characteristic shape of the nodal node), it was predicted to replace the classic armored personnel carriers.
To find out, look for analogues of "Triumph" among foreign samples.
RG-35
Especially you should not look for it - outwardly similar South African RG-35 from BAE Systems fits perfectly. The same wheel formula 6х6, a design using truck components, increased protection (primarily mine), a one-volume body (although the engine is in the middle, but the driver can move into the landing compartment), a rather weak armament and the inability to swim - of course we have MRAP.
As you might guess, the corps KamAZ Triumph / Typhoon is also MRAP, only domestic. MRAP (Mine Resistant Ambush Protected - Protected from explosion and ambush attacks) is such a “unique” class of armored vehicles that balance between armored personnel carriers and armored trucks, and do not have an adequate translation in Russian. But according to the old memory (and the first MRAP in the world in the form of the South African Buffel, which was still called an armored personnel carrier), we still classify it as an armored troop-carrier. Special, you can say "police peacekeeping" (well, or "occupational", it's like to look) BTR, which are not designed for active hostilities in the front line in the "classic" big war. You can find many reasons for this, starting with insufficient armaments, the lack of ability to overcome water obstacles by swimming, too large dimensions (and here you can bet), lack of permeability (and here) and so on.
Evidence of the fact that the MoD did not fixate on "police and peacekeeping" operations is the development of the Boomerang family, logical descendants of armored personnel carriers.
The truth is surprising defense of the frontal projection of 30mm projectiles ....
Credo-xnumc. Photo found on the Internet.
And yes - a small comment about the possibility of using the corps "Typhoon" in the "intelligence role." On the one hand, the absurd - machine painful overall. On the other ... There is such a model - "Credo-1С." The BAZ chassis with the Tochka OTRK being written off is very successfully used. Massive reconnaissance radar and telescopic optics, the mass of necessary equipment, premises for operators - and as you can see, additional protection - all this KAMAZ Triumph can provide in full - and even much more.
UralAZ.
Ural-65095 and Ural-63099. Photo from powertrain.ru
Bonded Urals are not in vain indicated as "multi-purpose" cars. Because besides the frame protected car with a separate functional module Ural-63095 - the most "simple" sample of the "Typhoon", most intended for utilitarian transportation of various goods in replaceable modules and bodies, there is also the Ural-63099 - a boxed protected car with a one-volume case .
MRAP Caiman
One look at the foreign analogue of the Caiman MRAP is clear - the Ural-63099 is a “classic MRAP” in its Western view. It has long been known that the bonnet layout is best for explosions. “Two meters of life” hood saved the lives of our drivers on the “Urals” more than once. Pressure anti-tank mines worked under the front wheels, tore off the bridge and broke the engine - but the cabin remained intact. This arrangement is relevant now.
Ural-63099. Photo found on the Internet.
Well, the cabin, without interference, connected to the functional module in one single-volume armored hull is a definite plus in a combat situation.
By the way, the fact that Ural-63099 and KAMAZ Triumph belong to the MRAP class is expressed not only in their constructive, one-volume, performance, but also in protection. And if the frontal armor of KamAZ does not cause any complaints (especially with shutters on the windows), then how about the Urals? Is his frontal protection lower? But let me - he has such a smart protection in the form of a motor (remember the example of the Israeli Merkava), covered with armored radiator blades, the radiator itself, armored boom and finally the most important thing - a pre-cabin armor panel. All this may well have enough armor equivalent to protect against 30mm projectiles. Well, plus the shutters on the windows of course.
Nodes.
Motor. The “heart” of the machine is the motor, then let's start with it. In the beginning there was a certain veil of secrecy, which engine would stand on these armored monsters. The casket opened simply - at the very show there was a stand of the Yaroslavl Motor Plant, with demonstration engine samples and a poster with a detailed description of the performance characteristics and applicability of the diesel engines of the YMZ-530 series. So, the 450-strong 6-cylinder turbodiesel YMZ-5367 are the “heart of the Typhoon” (a less powerful model is also provided for short base modifications).
YMZ-536. Photo taken from vitalykuzmin.net.
Definitely - this new motor is a landmark, innovative design, it was not for nothing that he received the “Innovation - Technological Breakthrough” award in 2010 year. And most importantly, it is completely domestic.
Suspension: independent, with pneumatichydraulic elastic elements, with a hydraulic system changing the ground clearance - much less is known about it than about the engine. So, Denis Mokrushin’s blog indicates that the suspension was made in KAMAZ - although the Miass models have a very similar suspension, so you shouldn’t reject the idea of a fully unified suspension.
Protection. For "Typhoon" declared unprecedented for domestic light machines level of bullet protection. STANAG 4569 Level 4 - it is he who meets the requirement of protection against armor-piercing bullets of B-32 (and several) caliber 14.5x114mm at a distance of 200 meters. This NATO standard of protection (which appeared as a response to numerous ATS armored personnel carriers with appropriate weapons) has never been considered for our cars, the maximum that was demanded by the USSR, and then by inertia in the Russian Federation - caliber 12.7mm, from DShK and NSV machine guns. Yes, some inertia of both ordering structures and developers / producers played their part. You can make such a level of protection with the help of bronestali, but such armor will weigh too much. And armored ceramics in our country has traditionally been rejected as too expensive ...
Here there is a rather controversial moment. In the same blog of Denis Mokrushin, representatives of KAMAZ strongly insist that the armored ceramics of KAMAZ models are not domestic (“does not meet the requirements for durability”) and even Israeli production. Indirectly, this was pointed out by the Minister of Defense himself, saying that foreign experience was used in the development and production of "Typhoon".
But this is armored ceramics, and only the embankment-Chelny models. KamAZ Typhoons still use domestic Bronestal (hinged armored ceramics, on a steel basis), and for the case modification the entire welded bow assembly with protection from 30mm small-caliber projectiles is made of a steel alloy - all the developments of the Steel Research Institute.
Ural-63095 with additional side projection protection installed. Found on the Internet
But the Urals "Typhoons" are equipped with fully domestic armor, both steel and armored ceramics. The spaced design of armor, frame-panel architecture with fastening panels on the bolts, allows you to vary the level of protection. A clear example of the modularity of protection was also demonstrated: when an additional armored panel is hung on the passenger door, and a small lattice covers almost all of the bulletproof glass (obviously, in this case it is necessary to rely more on video cameras), the side of the armored functional module was also equipped with mounted armored panels.
Armored double-glazed windows are also domestic-made by Magistral LTD, with respectable mass-dimensions - 13 cm thick, and a square meter glass weight in 300 kg. Such armored glass is adequate for protection against HVAC, but what kind of glass will protect against small-caliber projectile? The answer is simple - on the case Typhoon armored lowering shutters are provided on the windshield. Review with lowered shutters - only through video cameras.
And finally - mine protection. For domestic technology, it also "has no analogues." No joke - the machine must withstand, without damage and death of personnel, an explosion 8kg of explosives under the wheel and under the bottom. This is higher than all domestic proposals with mine protection. Of course, this protection has not yet passed the test of a real undermining, so far only in computer programs simulating such explosions.
And yet - all attributes are met. Both cabins and functional modules (well, how can you not remember the body of the “nut” of the Bears?) Have V-shaped bottom, which complement the protection of the suspension elements. Bottom protection naturally enhanced. And finally - the issue with the accommodation of the crew and the landing force has been radically resolved. Now, each fighter is sitting in an individual anti-mine armchair, suspended from either a ceiling or attached to a wall — which means that there will not be a catastrophic effect of vertical accelerations and overloads on the spine. The legs are protected by double cushioned floor, and multipoint belts will not allow the fighter to "smudge" on the ceiling.
Transmission. The same controversial point is the automatic transmission. Traditional for domestic cars, manual transmissions are constant for many reasons, from the unavailability / desire of the automaker to produce complex automatic transmissions, the difficulties of automatic transmission repairs, the influence of gearboxes on traffic, etc., and the unavailability of the chemical industry to produce the appropriate fuels and lubricants. And the pinnacle of everything is inertia of thinking.
And so on the "Typhoons" decided to put the automatic transmission - but the question is, whose production will these gearboxes? Judging by the lack of domestic proposals, it should be a foreign model. For example - from Zanrad Fabrik / ZF - all the more so since KamAZ has been cooperating with ZF for a long time ... Or maybe, finally, domestic automatic transmission? This item is still in question ...
Tires. One of the sore points of domestic components - tires. On KamAZ and hull Urals, there were tires made by Michelin, models XRZ with a firing insert from Hutchinson. This insert allows you to drive at least 50 kilometers with a flat tire, and even withstands the explosion of an anti-personnel mine. On the modular Ural tires were simpler - Bel-95 of the Belarusian “Belshina”, of course, without mine inserts. Everything rests on technology - perhaps our specialized design bureaus and factories will solve this issue, having familiarized themselves with foreign models?
Of the individual units and parts of the "Typhoon" I would like to mention the DUMV - a remote-controlled weapon module. The large and apparently heavy “turret” has a video output on the screen + DUMV control in the body. At first this DUMV stood in the Urals-63099 (on display in Kubinka and in Nizhny Tagil), and in recent photos you can see this DUMV, already with a machine gun, on the KAMAZ Triumph. By the way, Defense Minister Serdyukov noted that the installation is too heavy - "and it would be necessary to ease it."
It is also worth noting the tanks in the Urals - they are covered with a special fabric and protected above by hard armor plates. Such a protected tank prevents the outflow and ignition of fuel in the event of a bullet or a blast wave.
Well, and an important detail - apparently the lighting technology "Typhoon" is made on the basis of fashionable LED technology. Characteristic lights hint at this.
Conclusion.
Let the “competitive jealousy” still be seen in the prototypes, let the declared interchangeability and complete unification is still insufficient - but the highest potential is already visible now. It is for the "Typhoons", for the first models of "unified platforms", we can tell what the army will be in five years. Definitely - it will be high-tech and powerful.
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