Tu-160: the resumption of construction of "White Swans" - patching holes?
Interesting news was heard on April 29 from the lips of the Minister of Defense of Russia Sergey Shoigu - he ordered to begin work on restoring the production of the most modern Russian strategic Tu-160 bombers, nicknamed “White Swans” in our country, and Blackjack in NATO. In this light, consider the reasons that led to such a decision, the current state of strategic aviation RF and its prospects.
Bears and swans
First we turn to the current state of Russian strategic aviation. As we have already noted, our most modern and powerful aircraft is the supersonic Tu-160 bomber. The machine is mass-produced from the 1984 of the year, the real production stopped at the beginning of the 90-s, when funding stopped, but several more aircraft were released using prefabricated elements left over from the Soviet era. The last Tu-160, which was given the name "Vitaly Kopylov", was released at the Kazan Aviation Plant named after SP Gorbunova in 2008 year. According to some reports, there are still 2 unfinished aircraft of this type. All in all, the Russian Air Force currently has 16 “White Swans”, although 35 aircraft were launched. Some cars were lost in plane crashes, and a large number of “swans” were disgustingly destroyed in Ukraine at the end of the 1990 for American money - the benefit of some aircraft was saved by taking them on account of the gas debt. At the moment, all Tu-160 are planned to be upgraded to the level of Tu-160М, which will significantly increase their combat capabilities - now the aircraft will also be able to successfully use non-nuclear high-precision weapons. The main "highlight" should be the replacement of strategic cruise missiles X-55CM (they carry a nuclear warhead) with new X-101 / 102 (the first modification has a non-nuclear warhead, and the second - nuclear). The maximum range of launch will increase from 3500 km to 5500 km, while achieving tremendous accuracy - the circular deviation of the missile is equal to 10 meters. Total aircraft can carry up to 12 like cruise missiles.
The second pillar of the strategic aviation of the Russian Federation is the Tu-95 bomber, nicknamed "The Bear" in the West, and produced from 1955 onwards! Only the American strategic bomber B-52, who also continues to serve in the US Air Force, is the same age as our “old man”. The car, though old, however, is standing on the armament of the Russian Federation modification of the Tu-95MS carries exactly the same cruise missiles as the Tu-160. With the launch range of the X-55CM rocket, a component of 3500km, the supersonic speed or stealthiness inherent in newer machines is not so important - the entire ammunition will already be shot off by the time the bomber detects the enemy forces. Tu-95MS undergo the same modernization as the Tu-160. By 2020, the Russian Air Force will have 20 Tu-95MSM capable of carrying all the same new strategic cruise missiles X-101 / 102 up to 6 units.
PAK DA (PAK DA)
Earlier there were plans to launch a serial production of the new strategic bomber PAK DA in the middle of the 2020-s. The machine must first replace the outdated Tu-95, and later the Tu-160. In addition, the PAK DA is considered a replacement for the Tu-22М3 long-range bomber. According to preliminary information, the aircraft will be carried out according to the “flying wing” scheme (like the American B-2 Spirit) and subsonic. The speed will be sacrificed for the low profile aircraft for radar. There is no other reliable information about PAK YA now.
Underfinancing or deadlines?
Quite an unexpected proposal to resume the release of Tu-160 bombers can be most easily explained either by cutting the budget for the development of PAK DA, due to the economic crisis, or too “Napoleonic” plans for it, voiced initially. The combination of these two factors is also quite likely. The fact is that the gliders of the Tu-95 with time, unfortunately, do not become younger and, sooner or later, will become unusable. Staying with 16 TU-160 against 66 and the American B-1 (which was recently decided to return nuclear weapons) and 20 and B-2 Spirit stealth bombers are not the best prospect. And in large local and regional conflicts, to have a carrier of high-precision weaponscapable of firing from great distances, certainly not hurt. The target number of Tu-160 produced must be such as to replace all Tu-95MSM - which means at least 20 units. So, this is good or bad - we are seeing patching holes that have arisen as a result of a complete decline in that part of the domestic aircraft industry, which is responsible for the construction of bomber aircraft. Not the last role in this decline was played by the fact that airplanes of this class are not shipped abroad - and arms exports have saved so many arms manufacturers in difficult years.
Cost and possibilities of the Russian aircraft industry
It is no secret that from scratch Tu-160 class cars are not produced since the collapse of the USSR. Moreover, the possibility of producing the NK-32 engines necessary for the flight of the machine was lost. However, last year it was announced that OAO Kuznetsov was restoring production of NK-32, and by 2016, the first batch of engines would have to be released. The production of this power plant is necessary to maintain the existing Tu-160 in flight condition, in addition, based on it, an engine for the PAK DA will be created. As for the rest, it will definitely be uneasy, but all the documentation is in place — the key point is the investment in machine tools and other equipment necessary for production. The approximate cost of one Tu-160 in 1993 was $ 250 million - since then, of course, inflation has “worked”, however, taking into account the use of more modern production technologies, we will consider such a price relevant to this day. In this case, the cost of the production program 20 new Tu-160 will be at least $ 5 billion, and possibly more.
The money is not small - but not too large, especially considering that the production of such a batch of airplanes will be quite extensively stretched over time. So it remains to wait and observe whether the production of strategic aviation of the Russian Federation will receive an impulse. The successes of recent years in the construction of tactical combat aviation inspire a healthy optimism. In the meantime, we can all watch our "Bears" and "Swans" at the 9 Victory Parade in May.
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