Weapon without recoil. Baryshev system
History the fight against recoil begins in the days of the appearance of weapons. But if in a variety of bows and crossbows, the recoil force did not so much annoy the shooters and could be compensated by the mass of weapons, then with the advent of firearms the problem became much more acute. The solution to this problem was proposed by the Russian gunsmith designer Anatoly Baryshev, who presented a whole range of small arms. The weapons of the Baryshev system differ from the bulk of the post-war weapons that were created in the Soviet Union, in that they were designed on their own initiative, without any support from the state.
If we talk about domestic automatic weapons of the 20th century, it would be a mistake to bypass one of the most interesting complexes, which was created not by the design bureaus of large weapons enterprises or defense research institutes, but by the ordinary single-designer Anatoly Filippovich Baryshev. The domestic designer created a whole range of small arms, consisting of AB-5,45 and AB-7,62 submachine guns, chambered for 5,45x39 and 7,62х39 mm, respectively; AVB automatic rifle, designed for rifle and machine-gun cartridge 7,62x53 mm; 12,7-mm large-caliber machine gun KPB, as well as automatic hand grenade launcher ARGB, which could shoot regular shots VOG-17.
Baryshev worked on creating his own weapon system starting from the 1962 year. In 1969, he received a copyright certificate under the number 48117 for a new design of a barrel bore locking device. For several decades, the designer managed to bring his brainchild to the serial level. In 1980-s, the samples of weapons developed by him were tested first in the armed forces, and then in the KGB of the USSR, as well as in the special forces of the GRU. Opinions of the Soviet military about these weapons are divided. The Soviet Army, which possessed a simple, reliable and well-developed Kalashnikov weapon system, did not feel the need for a perfect system, since it would take huge financial investments and a lot of time to introduce new models. In turn, the security services officers advocated that the Baryshev weapons complex be adopted for service because of its superiority over similar foreign and domestic models. The adoption of weapons prevented the collapse of the country. However, with the collapse of the USSR, Baryshev did not stop working on the project, and in 1993 he received a new patent, this time already Russian.
Design features
Experimental samples of small arms without recoil Baryshev built on the original scheme of automation using recoil when hard shutter and the presence in the design of a special moving element - recoil compensator, which perceives the pressure of powder gases through the bottom of the sleeve and brings to work the entire moving system.
In some ways, the construction of the bolt group of Anatoly Baryshev can be considered a deep modification, made by him over the semi-free-bolt scheme, built on the development of the Hungarian gunsmith Paul Kiraly more than 50 years ago. The valve represented in the Baryshev system consists of four main systems - the valve body, the bolt carrier, the locking lever, and the recoil compensator. The latter is fixed with its lower rear end in a longitudinally sliding gate, and on its front surface has a special cup for the liner bottom. In this case, the compensator can swing relative to the shutter back and forth, while moving backward, acting on the massive slide frame. Immediately before making a shot, the bolt group is in the rear position. When you press the trigger at the time of the shot, the bolt group begins its advance, sending the cartridge into the barrel of the weapon.
At the moment of arrival of the bolt with a recoil compensator to the extreme forward position, the bolt carrier, on which the reciprocating spring acts, continues to move forward, while the locking lever located in the rear part of the gate engages with the receiver, rigid fixation of the bolt against the barrel of the weapon occurs, and the protrusion located on the front of the bolt carrier ensures the rotation of the recoil compensator forward by a not very large angle relative to the breech cut of the trunk. Before the slide frame comes to its extreme front position, the protrusion on the locking lever will strike the striker, which will ensure that the cartridge cap and the direct shot from the weapon. The pressure of the powder gases through the bottom of the sleeve acts on the recoil compensator and seeks to make it turn back in relation to a rigidly locked gate.
At this time, the upper end of the compensator puts pressure on the slide frame and in the recoil process overcomes the moment of inertia of the movement of the slide frame forwards, as well as the force of the pressure of the return spring, to which, in fact, a significant part of the recoil energy is spent when fired. Then, when the inertia of the bolt carrier is successfully overcome and it begins to move backwards and the compensator rotates at a predetermined angle back, the bolt carrier pulls the locking lever behind itself and disengages the bolt from the receiver, then under the influence of the residual pressure in the barrel and the accumulated inertia ( at the same time, the accumulated pressure acts on the recoil compensator through the sleeve) the entire mobile system is returned back, and the spent cartridge is removed.
When firing in automatic mode after a complete withdrawal of the moving system back, the whole cycle repeats, and in firing with single cartridges, the moving system is simply intercepted by the sear in the rear position. The rest of the presented system of small arms, created by Baryshev, is quite traditional. Experimental samples of different calibers were made using components and assemblies of existing weapons samples at that time.
The advantages of this weapon system were a noticeable decrease in recoil felt when firing and the physical absence of the gas exhaust tract with all its inherent problems. But on the other hand, the calculation of the stopping group for the specified types of ammunition was quite complicated, and the shooting scheme from the rear bolt when rolling out moving parts is not very suitable for weapons belonging to "assault rifles", due to a significant delay of the first shot after as the shooter pulls the trigger. Since the shooting is from the rear sear, the moving parts of the weapon’s automatic are in the rear position before the shot, and there is no cartridge in the unlocked chamber. Also, experts noted a significant shift of the aiming point during the movement of a massive bolt group, and past tests of these weapon models demonstrated a lack of system reliability.
It should be noted that the Baryshev system was built on a modular basis, which reduced operating and production costs. The disadvantages of this system, which resulted from the use in the design of the rear sear, were greater than those of the weapons with the front arrangement of the sear, dispersal of single cartridges during firing and greater sensitivity to contamination. At the same time, the new design of Baryshev made it possible to ensure that automatic fire became the main type of firing, unlike most of the standard weapons. A shooter with such a system could already hit a visible object from a distance of 200-400 meters with a high degree of probability. Dispersion in firing bursts from the Baryshev machine gun was at least 10 times lower than that of regular small arms.
Particularly vividly, the advantages of this scheme manifested themselves in an ARGB automatic grenade launcher and a large-caliber machine gun of the CPB. Both samples in maintaining continuous fire from the bipod provided a sufficient level of stability, while possessing a significantly lower weight than their regular counterparts - the AGS-17 heavy machine gun and the NSV-12,7 large-caliber machine gun. Reducing the weight of large-caliber weapons designed by Anatoly Baryshev also made it possible to reduce the calculation from 2-3 people to one person, sharply increasing the soldier’s maneuverability with these weapons.
At the same time with the merits, Baryshev’s weapon has its drawbacks. The use of the rear sear with a relatively large mass of moving moving parts of the shutter to some extent influenced the growth of dispersion when firing with single cartridges (unlike samples with a front sear). Also for the reason that the chamber before the shot is open (again due to the use of the rear sear), this weapon is much more sensitive to contamination.
Samples of weapons Barysheva
The Baryshev AB-5,45 and AB-7,62 assault rifles were intended for the fire attack of manpower and enemy unarmored equipment at a distance of up to 600 meters. The trigger mechanism had two modes of firing: automatic and single. Flap fuse at the same time served as a switch type of fire. Instead of a vapor tube, a handle was installed on the barrel of the weapon. Machines possessed a metal folding butt, which reclined on the left side of the receiver. Meals were supplied from regular stores from AKM and AK-74.
The Baryshev AVB automatic rifle was designed for precise firing at a distance of up to 800 meters at remote small targets: the technique and manpower of the enemy, which would appear in the field of view of the shooter for a short time. In terms of weight and size, this rifle was close to the SVD, but being only 0,4 kg heavier, it was the only system that was created to use the powerful rifle cartridge of the 1908 sample of the year. The weapon made it possible to conduct aimed fire in bursts at a distance of up to 200 meters, even from unstable positions and even standing from the shoulder. Like AB machines, the weapon was equipped with a special carrying handle, a folding stock and could be equipped with a light bipod that replaced the forearm, or a forearm made of impact-resistant plastic.
Return when firing a fire from Baryshev's rifle was felt a little more than when firing fire and AKM. Therefore, after a short training session, the average shooter was able to stack the entire short burst of 10 cartridges into a standard chest target from a distance of 25 meters. But such a successful rifle had its drawbacks. First of all, a very small store capacity was noted - a standard 10-charging store from the SVD was used. This deficiency was especially noticeable with automatic firing mode. In addition, with a fairly short barrel and the use of powerful 1908 cartridges of the year, as well as not the most successful design of the muzzle device, a very loud sound and a large exhaust of the muzzle flame were recorded at the time of the shot. This could unmask the shooter, especially when fighting at night.
The heavy machine gun Baryshev CPB was designed to destroy the enemy’s lightly armored vehicles, its low-flying helicopters and aircraft at a distance of up to 600 meters. In terms of size and weight, the CPB won significantly in comparison with the Soviet heavy machine-gun machine guns (DShKM and NSV), at the same time significantly, more than twice, yielding to them in practical rate of fire. The KPB machine gun, like other Baryshev’s weapons, was equipped with a folding butt and a bipod, and also had a bar for mounting various sights (optical, night). The features of this machine gun attributed the new store supply system with large-caliber cartridges B-32. The store was placed on top of the receiver, its filling was made by cartridges from pre-loaded clips. At the same time, the design of the machine gun was significantly simpler and not less reliable than the usual tape feed in other large-caliber machine guns.
The Baryshev ARGB automatic hand grenade launcher was designed to fire fragmentation grenades at enemy single and group targets at a distance of up to 1000 meters. Due to the presence of an optical sight with side level and goniometer mechanism, folding butt-coulter and removable bipod, it could be used for direct fire. Almost all the advantages that were characteristic of the CPB were also embodied in the manual automatic grenade launcher. The ARGB was significantly ahead of all the systems of automatic grenade launchers known at that time in terms of their weight and dimensions. The power system of the grenade launcher was shoplining and assumed the use of standard 30-mm VOG-17 shots. The reduction in weight and size characteristics had a positive effect on improving maneuverability.
ARGB could be used as a very powerful means of direct fire support of the motorized rifle squad. Such a weapon would be an indispensable assistant to the military in offensive battles, as well as military operations taking place in difficult conditions: in the mountains, trenches, settlements. Also in the Baryshev grenade launcher, the merits of the semi-free bolts were fully revealed. From the weapon, it was possible to conduct a sufficiently effective automatic fire even from unstable positions from the course or standing from the hip at a distance of up to 400-500 meters. When firing from the ARGB, recoil is felt at the same level as when firing from the 40-mm grenade launcher (GP-25) mounted on an automatic weapon. When firing from fairly stable positions (lying with a bipod), a substantial part of the recoil was effectively extinguished by the shock absorber built into the butt. Such a decision increased the accuracy of the firing of a grenade launcher.
Information sources:
http://otvaga2004.ru/kaleydoskop/kaleydoskop-inf/po-prezhnemu-bez-otdachi
http://spec-naz.org/armory/automats_and_assault_rifles/avtomat_barysheva
http://www.dogswar.ru/oryjeinaia-ekzotika/strelkovoe-oryjie/866-sistema-oryjiia-af.html
If we talk about domestic automatic weapons of the 20th century, it would be a mistake to bypass one of the most interesting complexes, which was created not by the design bureaus of large weapons enterprises or defense research institutes, but by the ordinary single-designer Anatoly Filippovich Baryshev. The domestic designer created a whole range of small arms, consisting of AB-5,45 and AB-7,62 submachine guns, chambered for 5,45x39 and 7,62х39 mm, respectively; AVB automatic rifle, designed for rifle and machine-gun cartridge 7,62x53 mm; 12,7-mm large-caliber machine gun KPB, as well as automatic hand grenade launcher ARGB, which could shoot regular shots VOG-17.
Baryshev worked on creating his own weapon system starting from the 1962 year. In 1969, he received a copyright certificate under the number 48117 for a new design of a barrel bore locking device. For several decades, the designer managed to bring his brainchild to the serial level. In 1980-s, the samples of weapons developed by him were tested first in the armed forces, and then in the KGB of the USSR, as well as in the special forces of the GRU. Opinions of the Soviet military about these weapons are divided. The Soviet Army, which possessed a simple, reliable and well-developed Kalashnikov weapon system, did not feel the need for a perfect system, since it would take huge financial investments and a lot of time to introduce new models. In turn, the security services officers advocated that the Baryshev weapons complex be adopted for service because of its superiority over similar foreign and domestic models. The adoption of weapons prevented the collapse of the country. However, with the collapse of the USSR, Baryshev did not stop working on the project, and in 1993 he received a new patent, this time already Russian.
Design features
Experimental samples of small arms without recoil Baryshev built on the original scheme of automation using recoil when hard shutter and the presence in the design of a special moving element - recoil compensator, which perceives the pressure of powder gases through the bottom of the sleeve and brings to work the entire moving system.
In some ways, the construction of the bolt group of Anatoly Baryshev can be considered a deep modification, made by him over the semi-free-bolt scheme, built on the development of the Hungarian gunsmith Paul Kiraly more than 50 years ago. The valve represented in the Baryshev system consists of four main systems - the valve body, the bolt carrier, the locking lever, and the recoil compensator. The latter is fixed with its lower rear end in a longitudinally sliding gate, and on its front surface has a special cup for the liner bottom. In this case, the compensator can swing relative to the shutter back and forth, while moving backward, acting on the massive slide frame. Immediately before making a shot, the bolt group is in the rear position. When you press the trigger at the time of the shot, the bolt group begins its advance, sending the cartridge into the barrel of the weapon.
At the moment of arrival of the bolt with a recoil compensator to the extreme forward position, the bolt carrier, on which the reciprocating spring acts, continues to move forward, while the locking lever located in the rear part of the gate engages with the receiver, rigid fixation of the bolt against the barrel of the weapon occurs, and the protrusion located on the front of the bolt carrier ensures the rotation of the recoil compensator forward by a not very large angle relative to the breech cut of the trunk. Before the slide frame comes to its extreme front position, the protrusion on the locking lever will strike the striker, which will ensure that the cartridge cap and the direct shot from the weapon. The pressure of the powder gases through the bottom of the sleeve acts on the recoil compensator and seeks to make it turn back in relation to a rigidly locked gate.
At this time, the upper end of the compensator puts pressure on the slide frame and in the recoil process overcomes the moment of inertia of the movement of the slide frame forwards, as well as the force of the pressure of the return spring, to which, in fact, a significant part of the recoil energy is spent when fired. Then, when the inertia of the bolt carrier is successfully overcome and it begins to move backwards and the compensator rotates at a predetermined angle back, the bolt carrier pulls the locking lever behind itself and disengages the bolt from the receiver, then under the influence of the residual pressure in the barrel and the accumulated inertia ( at the same time, the accumulated pressure acts on the recoil compensator through the sleeve) the entire mobile system is returned back, and the spent cartridge is removed.
When firing in automatic mode after a complete withdrawal of the moving system back, the whole cycle repeats, and in firing with single cartridges, the moving system is simply intercepted by the sear in the rear position. The rest of the presented system of small arms, created by Baryshev, is quite traditional. Experimental samples of different calibers were made using components and assemblies of existing weapons samples at that time.
The advantages of this weapon system were a noticeable decrease in recoil felt when firing and the physical absence of the gas exhaust tract with all its inherent problems. But on the other hand, the calculation of the stopping group for the specified types of ammunition was quite complicated, and the shooting scheme from the rear bolt when rolling out moving parts is not very suitable for weapons belonging to "assault rifles", due to a significant delay of the first shot after as the shooter pulls the trigger. Since the shooting is from the rear sear, the moving parts of the weapon’s automatic are in the rear position before the shot, and there is no cartridge in the unlocked chamber. Also, experts noted a significant shift of the aiming point during the movement of a massive bolt group, and past tests of these weapon models demonstrated a lack of system reliability.
It should be noted that the Baryshev system was built on a modular basis, which reduced operating and production costs. The disadvantages of this system, which resulted from the use in the design of the rear sear, were greater than those of the weapons with the front arrangement of the sear, dispersal of single cartridges during firing and greater sensitivity to contamination. At the same time, the new design of Baryshev made it possible to ensure that automatic fire became the main type of firing, unlike most of the standard weapons. A shooter with such a system could already hit a visible object from a distance of 200-400 meters with a high degree of probability. Dispersion in firing bursts from the Baryshev machine gun was at least 10 times lower than that of regular small arms.
Particularly vividly, the advantages of this scheme manifested themselves in an ARGB automatic grenade launcher and a large-caliber machine gun of the CPB. Both samples in maintaining continuous fire from the bipod provided a sufficient level of stability, while possessing a significantly lower weight than their regular counterparts - the AGS-17 heavy machine gun and the NSV-12,7 large-caliber machine gun. Reducing the weight of large-caliber weapons designed by Anatoly Baryshev also made it possible to reduce the calculation from 2-3 people to one person, sharply increasing the soldier’s maneuverability with these weapons.
At the same time with the merits, Baryshev’s weapon has its drawbacks. The use of the rear sear with a relatively large mass of moving moving parts of the shutter to some extent influenced the growth of dispersion when firing with single cartridges (unlike samples with a front sear). Also for the reason that the chamber before the shot is open (again due to the use of the rear sear), this weapon is much more sensitive to contamination.
Samples of weapons Barysheva
The Baryshev AB-5,45 and AB-7,62 assault rifles were intended for the fire attack of manpower and enemy unarmored equipment at a distance of up to 600 meters. The trigger mechanism had two modes of firing: automatic and single. Flap fuse at the same time served as a switch type of fire. Instead of a vapor tube, a handle was installed on the barrel of the weapon. Machines possessed a metal folding butt, which reclined on the left side of the receiver. Meals were supplied from regular stores from AKM and AK-74.
The Baryshev AVB automatic rifle was designed for precise firing at a distance of up to 800 meters at remote small targets: the technique and manpower of the enemy, which would appear in the field of view of the shooter for a short time. In terms of weight and size, this rifle was close to the SVD, but being only 0,4 kg heavier, it was the only system that was created to use the powerful rifle cartridge of the 1908 sample of the year. The weapon made it possible to conduct aimed fire in bursts at a distance of up to 200 meters, even from unstable positions and even standing from the shoulder. Like AB machines, the weapon was equipped with a special carrying handle, a folding stock and could be equipped with a light bipod that replaced the forearm, or a forearm made of impact-resistant plastic.
Return when firing a fire from Baryshev's rifle was felt a little more than when firing fire and AKM. Therefore, after a short training session, the average shooter was able to stack the entire short burst of 10 cartridges into a standard chest target from a distance of 25 meters. But such a successful rifle had its drawbacks. First of all, a very small store capacity was noted - a standard 10-charging store from the SVD was used. This deficiency was especially noticeable with automatic firing mode. In addition, with a fairly short barrel and the use of powerful 1908 cartridges of the year, as well as not the most successful design of the muzzle device, a very loud sound and a large exhaust of the muzzle flame were recorded at the time of the shot. This could unmask the shooter, especially when fighting at night.
The heavy machine gun Baryshev CPB was designed to destroy the enemy’s lightly armored vehicles, its low-flying helicopters and aircraft at a distance of up to 600 meters. In terms of size and weight, the CPB won significantly in comparison with the Soviet heavy machine-gun machine guns (DShKM and NSV), at the same time significantly, more than twice, yielding to them in practical rate of fire. The KPB machine gun, like other Baryshev’s weapons, was equipped with a folding butt and a bipod, and also had a bar for mounting various sights (optical, night). The features of this machine gun attributed the new store supply system with large-caliber cartridges B-32. The store was placed on top of the receiver, its filling was made by cartridges from pre-loaded clips. At the same time, the design of the machine gun was significantly simpler and not less reliable than the usual tape feed in other large-caliber machine guns.
The Baryshev ARGB automatic hand grenade launcher was designed to fire fragmentation grenades at enemy single and group targets at a distance of up to 1000 meters. Due to the presence of an optical sight with side level and goniometer mechanism, folding butt-coulter and removable bipod, it could be used for direct fire. Almost all the advantages that were characteristic of the CPB were also embodied in the manual automatic grenade launcher. The ARGB was significantly ahead of all the systems of automatic grenade launchers known at that time in terms of their weight and dimensions. The power system of the grenade launcher was shoplining and assumed the use of standard 30-mm VOG-17 shots. The reduction in weight and size characteristics had a positive effect on improving maneuverability.
ARGB could be used as a very powerful means of direct fire support of the motorized rifle squad. Such a weapon would be an indispensable assistant to the military in offensive battles, as well as military operations taking place in difficult conditions: in the mountains, trenches, settlements. Also in the Baryshev grenade launcher, the merits of the semi-free bolts were fully revealed. From the weapon, it was possible to conduct a sufficiently effective automatic fire even from unstable positions from the course or standing from the hip at a distance of up to 400-500 meters. When firing from the ARGB, recoil is felt at the same level as when firing from the 40-mm grenade launcher (GP-25) mounted on an automatic weapon. When firing from fairly stable positions (lying with a bipod), a substantial part of the recoil was effectively extinguished by the shock absorber built into the butt. Such a decision increased the accuracy of the firing of a grenade launcher.
Information sources:
http://otvaga2004.ru/kaleydoskop/kaleydoskop-inf/po-prezhnemu-bez-otdachi
http://spec-naz.org/armory/automats_and_assault_rifles/avtomat_barysheva
http://www.dogswar.ru/oryjeinaia-ekzotika/strelkovoe-oryjie/866-sistema-oryjiia-af.html
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