New developments of domestic tank builders
Development of promising Russian tank (object 195) was conducted by UKBTM (OJSC Ural Design Bureau of Transport Engineering, N-Tagil) under the theme "Improvement-88", but, for a number of reasons, did not achieve success.
Also, the issue of equipping Russian tanks with thermal imaging observation and aiming devices (TVP) of a new generation corresponding to modern analogues has not been resolved. Now we can safely assume that the developments in the framework of the federal target program “infravid” have not achieved success, Russian tanks are equipped with products of foreign production.
Along with the development of a promising tank, R & D is also being carried out to modernize the already built under the MOTOBol and Slingshot-1 ROCs. The lead contractors are VNIITransmash OJSC, Federal State Unitary Enterprise UKBTM, Federal State Unitary Enterprise KBTM, JSC Spetsmash.
Studies are aimed at a comprehensive modernization of existing tanks on the characteristics of firepower and mobility, but they practically have no embodiment in mass production and modernization.
Key aspects of the modernization of the above programs - the creation of a new transmission, which can provide superiority over mass-produced cars in all key indicators and improve the firepower of the tank to ensure the characteristics that give the likelihood of defeating modern enemy models with a probability close to 100%.
The problem of improving firepower includes both fire control systems and solutions to increase the power of ammunition.
Along with the development in UKBTM of a tank with a new layout "Object 195" in KBTM LLC (Omsk), a less radical project of a promising tank was being developed under the theme "Burlak", which according to the latest data is also suspended.
The most simply implemented promising option for the development of Russian tanks is the development of KBTM in the framework of creating a single combat compartment with a two-line automatic loader mechanism with full automation of ammunition placed in the tank (36 shots and more). Designed TZK (transport-loading container) of different capacity - 14 ... 32 shot.
The main advantage of the solutions in the framework of the ROC Burlak is an integrated approach to the issues of ensuring the security of the tank and its firepower.
This is achieved through innovative solutions that implement, within the existing layout and without fundamental changes to the chassis and combat compartment, to create a tank with promising characteristics based on existing technologies and profound changes in mass production. Layout solutions offered in the framework of Burlak can increase the survivability of the tank with the defeat of the ammunition, with its placement in an isolated compartment, equipped with expelling plates.
The placement of the refueling complex in the aft turret of the tank allows to achieve the balance of the turret and, consequently, further enhance the armor protection of the frontal projection.
Features of the new tower:
· Modular booking - quick-release protective modules and can be replaced in case of combat damage by repair units in field conditions. In addition, with the further modernization of previously released tanks, the old defense modules may be replaced by new, more efficient, created with the latest technological advances in armor protection.
· Increased internal volume up to 2,5 м3 due to which it is possible to accommodate a complex of onboard equipment that meets the modern requirements of command controllability and improve the ergonomics of the combat compartment.
· The tower is made with the ability to install a removable armored transport and loading container with an automatic loader.
For details, see State and prospects for enhancing the security of modern tanks.
The implementation of measures to strengthen the armor protection of the turret of the T-90A and T-80U tanks is difficult due to the large unbalanced moment of the turret.
A new combat unit "Burlak" was developed for the production of newly manufactured tanks with a new turret and for upgrading existing ones (T-90, T-80) without replacing the tower.
Placed behind the turret of the tank, the refueling complex is highly protected, but even if it is defeated, the crew will remain intact and the tank can be repaired even in field conditions. The installation of dynamic defense on the sides of the turret of the tank will provide protection against enemy anti-tank weapons (RPGs) significantly exceeding the level of serial tanks.
The use of a new removable armored transport and loading container with an automatic loading mechanism allows the use of modern shells of increased power (increased length). Another advantage is the separate placement of ammunition from the crew, which greatly increases the safety of the crew and the tank as a whole. Works with both standard shots and with new enhanced power of separate charging.
Only 72 is placed in the conveyor AZ of the T-90B / T-22 tank, and the remaining 21 shots are placed in non-mechanized combat packs in the hull and turret; the pipeline is replenished by new shots manually, requiring considerable effort and time (the rate of charge when charging from non-mechanized 1,5 stacking is 2 minutes), which in a combat situation increases the likelihood of defeat by the enemy and therefore is a significant drawback.
The proposed modernization option solves the problem of increasing the combat effectiveness of the T-72, T-80 and T-90 tanks to the level of modern requirements by installing a bulky AZ. In the turret of the tank with the fighting compartment is placed the second automatic loader, equipped with a carousel conveyor (similar to the AZ of the T-72 tank) with cartridges for laying shells, located at the bottom of the tank hull.
Thus, in a modernized tank, the entire tank ammunition is automated; if a battered AZ is defeated, the tank is able to continue the battle using the AZ located at the bottom of the hull. In the presence of enemy tanks, loading is carried out by a shot of increased power from a zabazhennogo automatic loader, in other cases, shots from the AZ located at the bottom of the hull.
To intensify the development of the T-72B, T-72B1, T-80, T-80BB, T-90 (T-80 "Burlak", T-90 "Burlak") tanks upgraded (according to the results of the RBC Burlak), a computer complex is being developed learning tools.
Modernization goals
T-72 tanks and their modifications, including T-90, no longer meet modern requirements, based on the following: modern domestic and foreign tanks, including Leclerc, Abrams, Leopard-2, significantly increased frontal projection protection. The effectiveness of armor-piercing shells, in response to increased protection, was also increased by increasing mainly the active part with a sub-caliber core made of high-density metal, for example, depleted uranium, and also by imparting a higher initial velocity to the projectile by using more powerful charge. In the automatic loading T-72 to place such elongated projectiles, especially unitary shots, it is not possible.
Enhancement of the search and targeting capabilities of the armament complex was achieved by increasing the review of the tank commander using panoramic observation and sighting systems, including those controlling additional armament of the object. Detection, recognition and tracking of the target in an automatic mode until it is guaranteed to be hit by a complex of guided tank weapons using automatic target tracking.
If the development of Burlak shows an integrated approach to the issues of firepower and tank protection, in the development of UKBTM another way is chosen.
In the new version of AZ, the development of UKBTM cassettes of a rotating conveyor are placed vertically, this not only does not improve the security and ergonomics of the tank compartment, but also leads to the opposite result. Unresolved is the question of further enhancing the armor of the tower due to the large moment of imbalance.
The advantages of the upgraded tank:
A set of technical solutions aimed at increasing the level of protection during modernization, including to increase the survivability of the explosion of ammunition (isolated compartments for fuel, expelling plates, etc.).
Fully mechanized ammunition in the refueling complex and the AZ at the bottom of the tank hull, with the defeat of the zabashny AZ (TZK) tank can continue to fight using the AZ located at the bottom of the hull.
Reliable protection of the crew of the tank from death when exposed to a kinetic or cumulative projectile.
The ability to use high-power shots with increased elongation BPS with a core of super-dense single-component and composite materials and improved SD.
Improving the effectiveness of the fight against manpower and air targets.
The use of modular combined armor complete with dynamic protection.
Increasing the level of command control, an information management system is installed in which the means of communication, control, diagnostics, computer processing of information and intelligence are integrated.
Improved MSA due to the expansion of search and accuracy indicators, installation of a panorama, equally possible control complexes weapons the commander and gunner to implement the principle of "hunter-shooter."
Used materials of patents of the Russian Federation No. 2169 336, 2165617, 2233418, 43633, 2202756, 2215965, 2366882, 2204776.
Also, the issue of equipping Russian tanks with thermal imaging observation and aiming devices (TVP) of a new generation corresponding to modern analogues has not been resolved. Now we can safely assume that the developments in the framework of the federal target program “infravid” have not achieved success, Russian tanks are equipped with products of foreign production.
Along with the development of a promising tank, R & D is also being carried out to modernize the already built under the MOTOBol and Slingshot-1 ROCs. The lead contractors are VNIITransmash OJSC, Federal State Unitary Enterprise UKBTM, Federal State Unitary Enterprise KBTM, JSC Spetsmash.
Studies are aimed at a comprehensive modernization of existing tanks on the characteristics of firepower and mobility, but they practically have no embodiment in mass production and modernization.
Key aspects of the modernization of the above programs - the creation of a new transmission, which can provide superiority over mass-produced cars in all key indicators and improve the firepower of the tank to ensure the characteristics that give the likelihood of defeating modern enemy models with a probability close to 100%.
The problem of improving firepower includes both fire control systems and solutions to increase the power of ammunition.
On the air of the radio station Ekho Moskvy, the representative of the GABTU, Vladimir Voitov, said that “the so-called 640 object does not exist, and no developments were conducted.” A continuation of the concept embodied in the “640 object” was the development of Burlak.
Along with the development in UKBTM of a tank with a new layout "Object 195" in KBTM LLC (Omsk), a less radical project of a promising tank was being developed under the theme "Burlak", which according to the latest data is also suspended.
The most simply implemented promising option for the development of Russian tanks is the development of KBTM in the framework of creating a single combat compartment with a two-line automatic loader mechanism with full automation of ammunition placed in the tank (36 shots and more). Designed TZK (transport-loading container) of different capacity - 14 ... 32 shot.
Unified fighting compartment with double-flow AZ (OCR Burlak). The tower can be installed on new tanks, as well as on upgraded tanks, such as T-72, T-80, T-90 and their modifications, increasing their security. A light-armored compartment is fixed on the side wall of the turret to accommodate an autonomous anti-aircraft machine-gun unit, which is covered by a protective module from the frontal projection.
The main advantage of the solutions in the framework of the ROC Burlak is an integrated approach to the issues of ensuring the security of the tank and its firepower.
This is achieved through innovative solutions that implement, within the existing layout and without fundamental changes to the chassis and combat compartment, to create a tank with promising characteristics based on existing technologies and profound changes in mass production. Layout solutions offered in the framework of Burlak can increase the survivability of the tank with the defeat of the ammunition, with its placement in an isolated compartment, equipped with expelling plates.
The placement of the refueling complex in the aft turret of the tank allows to achieve the balance of the turret and, consequently, further enhance the armor protection of the frontal projection.
Features of the new tower:
· Modular booking - quick-release protective modules and can be replaced in case of combat damage by repair units in field conditions. In addition, with the further modernization of previously released tanks, the old defense modules may be replaced by new, more efficient, created with the latest technological advances in armor protection.
· Increased internal volume up to 2,5 м3 due to which it is possible to accommodate a complex of onboard equipment that meets the modern requirements of command controllability and improve the ergonomics of the combat compartment.
· The tower is made with the ability to install a removable armored transport and loading container with an automatic loader.
Quick-release protection modules are a combination of dynamic and “passive” protection. Protective modules do not worsen the conditions for landing and leaving the tank by the driver.
For details, see State and prospects for enhancing the security of modern tanks.
The implementation of measures to strengthen the armor protection of the turret of the T-90A and T-80U tanks is difficult due to the large unbalanced moment of the turret.
A new combat unit "Burlak" was developed for the production of newly manufactured tanks with a new turret and for upgrading existing ones (T-90, T-80) without replacing the tower.
Placed behind the turret of the tank, the refueling complex is highly protected, but even if it is defeated, the crew will remain intact and the tank can be repaired even in field conditions. The installation of dynamic defense on the sides of the turret of the tank will provide protection against enemy anti-tank weapons (RPGs) significantly exceeding the level of serial tanks.
The use of a new removable armored transport and loading container with an automatic loading mechanism allows the use of modern shells of increased power (increased length). Another advantage is the separate placement of ammunition from the crew, which greatly increases the safety of the crew and the tank as a whole. Works with both standard shots and with new enhanced power of separate charging.
This may look like a modernized T-80U tank with a DZ "Relikt" complex and a new automatic loader. The automatic loader placed behind the turret required the development of a new underwater tank driving equipment (OPVT).
Only 72 is placed in the conveyor AZ of the T-90B / T-22 tank, and the remaining 21 shots are placed in non-mechanized combat packs in the hull and turret; the pipeline is replenished by new shots manually, requiring considerable effort and time (the rate of charge when charging from non-mechanized 1,5 stacking is 2 minutes), which in a combat situation increases the likelihood of defeat by the enemy and therefore is a significant drawback.
The proposed modernization option solves the problem of increasing the combat effectiveness of the T-72, T-80 and T-90 tanks to the level of modern requirements by installing a bulky AZ. In the turret of the tank with the fighting compartment is placed the second automatic loader, equipped with a carousel conveyor (similar to the AZ of the T-72 tank) with cartridges for laying shells, located at the bottom of the tank hull.
Thus, in a modernized tank, the entire tank ammunition is automated; if a battered AZ is defeated, the tank is able to continue the battle using the AZ located at the bottom of the hull. In the presence of enemy tanks, loading is carried out by a shot of increased power from a zabazhennogo automatic loader, in other cases, shots from the AZ located at the bottom of the hull.
To intensify the development of the T-72B, T-72B1, T-80, T-80BB, T-90 (T-80 "Burlak", T-90 "Burlak") tanks upgraded (according to the results of the RBC Burlak), a computer complex is being developed learning tools.
Modernization goals
T-72 tanks and their modifications, including T-90, no longer meet modern requirements, based on the following: modern domestic and foreign tanks, including Leclerc, Abrams, Leopard-2, significantly increased frontal projection protection. The effectiveness of armor-piercing shells, in response to increased protection, was also increased by increasing mainly the active part with a sub-caliber core made of high-density metal, for example, depleted uranium, and also by imparting a higher initial velocity to the projectile by using more powerful charge. In the automatic loading T-72 to place such elongated projectiles, especially unitary shots, it is not possible.
The T-72 automatic loader and its modifications The T-90 is located in the turret at the bottom of the tank, equipped with a carousel conveyor and equipped with a lifting mechanism for shots. The length of the projectile is limited by the dimensions of the conveyor.
Enhancement of the search and targeting capabilities of the armament complex was achieved by increasing the review of the tank commander using panoramic observation and sighting systems, including those controlling additional armament of the object. Detection, recognition and tracking of the target in an automatic mode until it is guaranteed to be hit by a complex of guided tank weapons using automatic target tracking.
If the development of Burlak shows an integrated approach to the issues of firepower and tank protection, in the development of UKBTM another way is chosen.
In the new version of AZ, the development of UKBTM cassettes of a rotating conveyor are placed vertically, this not only does not improve the security and ergonomics of the tank compartment, but also leads to the opposite result. Unresolved is the question of further enhancing the armor of the tower due to the large moment of imbalance.
The advantages of the upgraded tank:
A set of technical solutions aimed at increasing the level of protection during modernization, including to increase the survivability of the explosion of ammunition (isolated compartments for fuel, expelling plates, etc.).
Fully mechanized ammunition in the refueling complex and the AZ at the bottom of the tank hull, with the defeat of the zabashny AZ (TZK) tank can continue to fight using the AZ located at the bottom of the hull.
Reliable protection of the crew of the tank from death when exposed to a kinetic or cumulative projectile.
The ability to use high-power shots with increased elongation BPS with a core of super-dense single-component and composite materials and improved SD.
Improving the effectiveness of the fight against manpower and air targets.
The use of modular combined armor complete with dynamic protection.
Increasing the level of command control, an information management system is installed in which the means of communication, control, diagnostics, computer processing of information and intelligence are integrated.
Improved MSA due to the expansion of search and accuracy indicators, installation of a panorama, equally possible control complexes weapons the commander and gunner to implement the principle of "hunter-shooter."
Used materials of patents of the Russian Federation No. 2169 336, 2165617, 2233418, 43633, 2202756, 2215965, 2366882, 2204776.
Information