Interest in "Piranhas" on Euronaval-2014
In the past few weeks, on the background of events in the Baltic Sea, discussions of Soviet / Russian projects of small submarines began again. Such a technique, designed to perform various special tasks, is of particular interest, and in some situations may cause the emergence of conspiracy theories. Interest in the subject of small submarines has increased thanks to the Russian exposition at the recent exhibition Euronaval-2014, where Malachit presented some of its developments in this area.
At the SPMBM Malachite stand four projects of small submarines with different characteristics were presented at once. Potential customers are offered submarines with a displacement from 218 to 750 tons, differing in size and other characteristics. So, the crew of the smallest of the proposed submarines consists of 5 people, although, according to experts, it can manage one person. The maximum crew in the submarine family is the 9 man. In addition, the proposed small submarines can carry up to 6 combat swimmers with weapons and equipment.
According to available data, some foreign countries in need of means of protection of various objects are showing interest in small submarines developed by the Malachite SPMBM. However, so far the proposed submarines remain at the project stage, since no one has expressed a desire to purchase such equipment. For this reason, the fate of new projects remains in question. It is possible that in the near future the Malakhit SPMBM will begin negotiations on the construction of small submarines for any customers.
It should be noted that the current projects of small submarines created in the Malachite SPMBM are not the first domestic developments in this field. Since the late eighties, the Navy of the USSR and Russia has exploited two small submarines of the Piranha project 865. The creation of the 865 project began in the mid-eighties at the request of the Navy command. The aim of the project was the development of a small submarine capable of operating in the coastal zone at depths of 10-200 meters and performing reconnaissance or other combat missions. New submarines had to ensure the work of combat swimmers, carry mine and torpedo weapons and various equipment. The maximum displacement of the Piranha submarines was limited to 80 tons.
L.V. was appointed the chief designer of the project 865 "Piranha" Chernopyatov. Later, in 1984, he was replaced by Yu.K. Mineev. Observer from the naval fleet the captain of the 2nd rank A.E. was appointed Mikhailovsky. Design work, which began in 1976, encountered certain difficulties. Design Bureau "Malachite" had no experience in creating small submarines, which is why for the first time in his practice he had to solve a number of specific issues. Due to the lack of required experience, specialists conducted a large number of studies and tests. The design of the Piranha boats was completed in the first half of the eighties. The lead submarine was laid at the Leningrad Admiralty Association in the summer of 1984.
The submarines of the 865 project received a two-part design with a developed superstructure to accommodate various equipment and weapons. The robust case was proposed to be made of titanium alloys. Its characteristics were calculated taking into account the immersion to a depth of 200 m. The light hull contours were created taking into account the developments on single-shaft submarines, as a result of which the Piranhas received an ellipsoidal bow and tapering tailpiece with a propeller and rudders. An interesting feature of the outer contours of the submarines of the 865 project are cargo containers located outside the robust hull on the sides of the cabin.
The original terms of reference involved the creation of a submarine with a displacement of no more than 80 tons, but during the development of the project, it became clear that this parameter should be significantly increased. As a result, the surface displacement of the Piranha submarines reached 218 t, the underwater displacement - 318 t. The total length of the submarines was equal to 28,2 m, width - 4,8 m, average draft - 3,9 m.
The diesel-electric power plant of the 865 submarines of the submarines had full electric propulsion. The basis of the power plant was a diesel generator power 160 kW. In addition, lead-acid batteries were used on small submarines. In the rear part of the submarines there was a rowing electric motor with power 60 kW. The engine rotated the propeller, enclosed in an annular channel. For maneuvering and effective control at low speeds, the annular channel of the screw was made in the form of a rotary nozzle, used as a rudder.
The units of the power plant were located in the aft compartment, however, the accumulator pit was located in the middle part of the hull, under the central post. In the central post there were jobs for three members of the crew of the submarine and all the equipment necessary to manage it. Submarines of the 865 project were equipped with radar and hydroacoustic stations, communication equipment, etc. The periscope and the radar retractable shaft were located in front of the central post.
In the forward part of the strong hull, in front of the central post, there was a lock chamber designed to ensure the work of divers without the need to ascend. In the bulkhead between the central post and the airlock, there was a hatch, a porthole and a small gateway for the transfer of various objects. The airlock was controlled from the central post. The camera provided access and reception of combat swimmers at depths up to 60 m.
Own crew submarines project 865 "Piranha" consisted of three people. The work of the various systems was controlled by the commander-navigator, electronic weapons assistant and assistant to the electromechanical part. The autonomy of the submarine - 10 day.
To carry out sabotage missions, the Piranha submarine could take on board up to six combat swimmers with equipment. Inside the robust hull, only diving breathing apparatus was transported. Other equipment was placed in two sealed containers in the superstructure of the hull. Submarines of the 865 project could not only deliver swimmers to the operation site, but also ensure their work. If necessary, divers could replenish stocks of the gas mixture and use electricity supplied from the boat.
Cargo containers, located in the superstructure of the hull, made it possible to transport various diving equipment and small-sized weapons. Each such container was a metal cylinder with a length of 12 m and a diameter of 0,62 m, equipped with a sliding tray with a drive. The dimensions of the containers allowed the Piranha submarines to carry two Siren-U type diving towers or four Proton tows. In addition, there were two mine-laying devices in the superstructure, each containing two PMT bottom mines. The mine setting using a special drive pushed mines forward along the submarine.
The small dimensions of the submarines of the 865 project and the specific hull lines did not allow them to be equipped with a sufficiently powerful power plant capable of providing high performance. For this reason, the surface speed of the Pirani did not exceed the 6,4 node, the subsea - 6,7 node. The economic speed was the 4 node. In the surface position, the range reached 1000 miles, in submarine (at an economic speed) - only 260 miles.
Construction of the submarine project 865 began in 1984 year. The MS-520 submarine was launched on August 20 1986. Tests of the new submarine required a lot of time, as a result of which it became part of the Baltic Fleet only at the end of the 1988 year. The second submarine of the project, MC-521, was laid in December 87-th and launched at the end of May 1990. In December of the same year, she was also accepted into the Baltic Fleet. In 1988, the third submarine of the series, which received the designation MC-518, was laid. However, due to political and economic problems, construction has stalled, and at the end of January 91 was officially terminated.
Initially, both Piranhas were based in Liepāja, but after the collapse of the Soviet Union they were transferred to Kronstadt. Each of the new submarines had two replaceable crews, another crew was formed to service the new technology. It is known that in the year 1992 one of the crews of the head MS-520 was reduced. After a short service of 1 in September of 1994, all crews of small submarines of the 865 project were disbanded, and the submarines themselves were removed from the fleet and sent to sludge.
31 July 1996, both Piranha submarines were excluded from the Navy. It was decided to dispose of. According to some reports, various organizations offered to install submarines as monuments or museum exhibits, but the lack of funding prevented the implementation of these proposals. In 1998, one of the Piranhas was used during the filming of The Peculiarities of National Fishing. In the same year, the submarines were sold for disposal. The submarines were cut to metal in the 1999 year.
Back in the nineties, the Malachite SPMBM specialists began work on updating the 865 project. So there were several new projects with the designations "Piranha-T", "Piranha-2", P-130, P-550, etc. All of them represent the development of a basic 865 project using new equipment and weapons. So, in the line of proposed projects there were submarines with new power plants, increased armament, more advanced electronic equipment, etc. At the same time, the early versions of the modernization of the Piranha project meant the preservation or minor change in the size and displacement of the submarine.
Of particular interest is the weapons provided by the projects on the basis of "Piranha". The designers of SPMBM "Malachite", through the use of new ideas and equipment, managed to equip it with two torpedo tubes of caliber 533 mm (project П-170) without any special changes in size. Increasing the size of the submarine (displacement up to 1000 t and length around 70 m), implied by the П-750 project and its variants, allows equipping it not only with torpedo, but also with rocket armament.
Since 1993, Malachit SPMBM regularly brings materials on its projects of small submarines to various exhibitions. The first demonstration of projects for potential customers from foreign countries was held at the IDEX-1993 exhibition in the United Arab Emirates. A large number of different projects, differing from each other in different characteristics, equipment composition and other features, allows us to speculate about the great export potential of the new Pirani. However, over the past two decades, all small submarines remain at the project stage. So far, no one has expressed a desire to acquire such equipment for their naval forces.
On the materials of the sites:
http://rg.ru/
http://ria.ru/
http://navy.su/
http://deepstorm.ru/
http://bastion-karpenko.narod.ru/
At the SPMBM Malachite stand four projects of small submarines with different characteristics were presented at once. Potential customers are offered submarines with a displacement from 218 to 750 tons, differing in size and other characteristics. So, the crew of the smallest of the proposed submarines consists of 5 people, although, according to experts, it can manage one person. The maximum crew in the submarine family is the 9 man. In addition, the proposed small submarines can carry up to 6 combat swimmers with weapons and equipment.
According to available data, some foreign countries in need of means of protection of various objects are showing interest in small submarines developed by the Malachite SPMBM. However, so far the proposed submarines remain at the project stage, since no one has expressed a desire to purchase such equipment. For this reason, the fate of new projects remains in question. It is possible that in the near future the Malakhit SPMBM will begin negotiations on the construction of small submarines for any customers.
It should be noted that the current projects of small submarines created in the Malachite SPMBM are not the first domestic developments in this field. Since the late eighties, the Navy of the USSR and Russia has exploited two small submarines of the Piranha project 865. The creation of the 865 project began in the mid-eighties at the request of the Navy command. The aim of the project was the development of a small submarine capable of operating in the coastal zone at depths of 10-200 meters and performing reconnaissance or other combat missions. New submarines had to ensure the work of combat swimmers, carry mine and torpedo weapons and various equipment. The maximum displacement of the Piranha submarines was limited to 80 tons.
L.V. was appointed the chief designer of the project 865 "Piranha" Chernopyatov. Later, in 1984, he was replaced by Yu.K. Mineev. Observer from the naval fleet the captain of the 2nd rank A.E. was appointed Mikhailovsky. Design work, which began in 1976, encountered certain difficulties. Design Bureau "Malachite" had no experience in creating small submarines, which is why for the first time in his practice he had to solve a number of specific issues. Due to the lack of required experience, specialists conducted a large number of studies and tests. The design of the Piranha boats was completed in the first half of the eighties. The lead submarine was laid at the Leningrad Admiralty Association in the summer of 1984.
The submarines of the 865 project received a two-part design with a developed superstructure to accommodate various equipment and weapons. The robust case was proposed to be made of titanium alloys. Its characteristics were calculated taking into account the immersion to a depth of 200 m. The light hull contours were created taking into account the developments on single-shaft submarines, as a result of which the Piranhas received an ellipsoidal bow and tapering tailpiece with a propeller and rudders. An interesting feature of the outer contours of the submarines of the 865 project are cargo containers located outside the robust hull on the sides of the cabin.
The original terms of reference involved the creation of a submarine with a displacement of no more than 80 tons, but during the development of the project, it became clear that this parameter should be significantly increased. As a result, the surface displacement of the Piranha submarines reached 218 t, the underwater displacement - 318 t. The total length of the submarines was equal to 28,2 m, width - 4,8 m, average draft - 3,9 m.
The diesel-electric power plant of the 865 submarines of the submarines had full electric propulsion. The basis of the power plant was a diesel generator power 160 kW. In addition, lead-acid batteries were used on small submarines. In the rear part of the submarines there was a rowing electric motor with power 60 kW. The engine rotated the propeller, enclosed in an annular channel. For maneuvering and effective control at low speeds, the annular channel of the screw was made in the form of a rotary nozzle, used as a rudder.
The units of the power plant were located in the aft compartment, however, the accumulator pit was located in the middle part of the hull, under the central post. In the central post there were jobs for three members of the crew of the submarine and all the equipment necessary to manage it. Submarines of the 865 project were equipped with radar and hydroacoustic stations, communication equipment, etc. The periscope and the radar retractable shaft were located in front of the central post.
In the forward part of the strong hull, in front of the central post, there was a lock chamber designed to ensure the work of divers without the need to ascend. In the bulkhead between the central post and the airlock, there was a hatch, a porthole and a small gateway for the transfer of various objects. The airlock was controlled from the central post. The camera provided access and reception of combat swimmers at depths up to 60 m.
Own crew submarines project 865 "Piranha" consisted of three people. The work of the various systems was controlled by the commander-navigator, electronic weapons assistant and assistant to the electromechanical part. The autonomy of the submarine - 10 day.
To carry out sabotage missions, the Piranha submarine could take on board up to six combat swimmers with equipment. Inside the robust hull, only diving breathing apparatus was transported. Other equipment was placed in two sealed containers in the superstructure of the hull. Submarines of the 865 project could not only deliver swimmers to the operation site, but also ensure their work. If necessary, divers could replenish stocks of the gas mixture and use electricity supplied from the boat.
Cargo containers, located in the superstructure of the hull, made it possible to transport various diving equipment and small-sized weapons. Each such container was a metal cylinder with a length of 12 m and a diameter of 0,62 m, equipped with a sliding tray with a drive. The dimensions of the containers allowed the Piranha submarines to carry two Siren-U type diving towers or four Proton tows. In addition, there were two mine-laying devices in the superstructure, each containing two PMT bottom mines. The mine setting using a special drive pushed mines forward along the submarine.
The small dimensions of the submarines of the 865 project and the specific hull lines did not allow them to be equipped with a sufficiently powerful power plant capable of providing high performance. For this reason, the surface speed of the Pirani did not exceed the 6,4 node, the subsea - 6,7 node. The economic speed was the 4 node. In the surface position, the range reached 1000 miles, in submarine (at an economic speed) - only 260 miles.
Construction of the submarine project 865 began in 1984 year. The MS-520 submarine was launched on August 20 1986. Tests of the new submarine required a lot of time, as a result of which it became part of the Baltic Fleet only at the end of the 1988 year. The second submarine of the project, MC-521, was laid in December 87-th and launched at the end of May 1990. In December of the same year, she was also accepted into the Baltic Fleet. In 1988, the third submarine of the series, which received the designation MC-518, was laid. However, due to political and economic problems, construction has stalled, and at the end of January 91 was officially terminated.
Initially, both Piranhas were based in Liepāja, but after the collapse of the Soviet Union they were transferred to Kronstadt. Each of the new submarines had two replaceable crews, another crew was formed to service the new technology. It is known that in the year 1992 one of the crews of the head MS-520 was reduced. After a short service of 1 in September of 1994, all crews of small submarines of the 865 project were disbanded, and the submarines themselves were removed from the fleet and sent to sludge.
31 July 1996, both Piranha submarines were excluded from the Navy. It was decided to dispose of. According to some reports, various organizations offered to install submarines as monuments or museum exhibits, but the lack of funding prevented the implementation of these proposals. In 1998, one of the Piranhas was used during the filming of The Peculiarities of National Fishing. In the same year, the submarines were sold for disposal. The submarines were cut to metal in the 1999 year.
Back in the nineties, the Malachite SPMBM specialists began work on updating the 865 project. So there were several new projects with the designations "Piranha-T", "Piranha-2", P-130, P-550, etc. All of them represent the development of a basic 865 project using new equipment and weapons. So, in the line of proposed projects there were submarines with new power plants, increased armament, more advanced electronic equipment, etc. At the same time, the early versions of the modernization of the Piranha project meant the preservation or minor change in the size and displacement of the submarine.
Of particular interest is the weapons provided by the projects on the basis of "Piranha". The designers of SPMBM "Malachite", through the use of new ideas and equipment, managed to equip it with two torpedo tubes of caliber 533 mm (project П-170) without any special changes in size. Increasing the size of the submarine (displacement up to 1000 t and length around 70 m), implied by the П-750 project and its variants, allows equipping it not only with torpedo, but also with rocket armament.
Since 1993, Malachit SPMBM regularly brings materials on its projects of small submarines to various exhibitions. The first demonstration of projects for potential customers from foreign countries was held at the IDEX-1993 exhibition in the United Arab Emirates. A large number of different projects, differing from each other in different characteristics, equipment composition and other features, allows us to speculate about the great export potential of the new Pirani. However, over the past two decades, all small submarines remain at the project stage. So far, no one has expressed a desire to acquire such equipment for their naval forces.
On the materials of the sites:
http://rg.ru/
http://ria.ru/
http://navy.su/
http://deepstorm.ru/
http://bastion-karpenko.narod.ru/
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