Electromagnetic weapons: what is the Russian army ahead of competitors
Pulse electromagnetic weaponor so-called "Jammers", is a real, already undergoing tests, the type of weapons of the Russian army. The United States and Israel are also conducting successful developments in this area, however, they have relied on the use of EMR systems to generate kinetic energy of a warhead.
We also took the path of a direct damaging factor and created prototypes of several combat complexes at once - for the ground forces, the Air Force and the Navy. According to the specialists working on the project, the development of the technology has already passed the field test stage, but now we are working on errors and trying to increase the power, accuracy and range of the radiation. Today, our Alabuga, having exploded at an altitude of 200-300 meters, is capable of shutting down all electronic equipment within 3,5 radius and leaving a battalion / regiment-sized troop unit without communications, control, or fire guidance, while turning all enemy equipment available into a pile of useless scrap metal. Except how to surrender and give heavy weapons as trophies to the advancing units of the Russian army, in fact, there are no options.
"Glushilka" electronics
For the first time, the world saw a real-life prototype of electromagnetic weapons at the LIMA-2001 arms exhibition in Malaysia. There was presented an export version of the domestic complex "Ranets-E". It is made on the MAZ-543 chassis, has a mass of about 5 tons, provides guaranteed damage to the electronics of a ground target, aircraft or guided munition at distances up to 14 kilometers and disruptions in its operation at a distance of 40 km. Despite the fact that the firstborn made a real sensation in the world media, the specialists noted a number of its shortcomings. Firstly, the size of an effectively hit target does not exceed 30 meters in diameter, and secondly, a one-time weapon - reloading takes more than 20 minutes, during which the miracle cannon will shoot 15 from the air, and it can only work on open targets area, without the slightest visual obstacles. Probably for precisely these reasons, the Americans abandoned the creation of such an EMP-weapon of directional action, concentrating on laser technology. Our gunsmiths decided to try their luck and try to “bring to mind” the technology of directional electromagnetic radiation.
The specialist of Rostec, for obvious reasons, did not wish to disclose its name, in an interview with Expert Online expressed the opinion that the electromagnetic pulsed weapon is already a reality, but the whole problem lies in how it is delivered to the target. “We have in our work a project for the development of an electronic warfare complex with the“ OV ”security secrecy called“ Alabuga ”. This is a rocket, the combat unit of which is a high-frequency high-power electromagnetic field generator.
Active pulsed radiation produces a nuclear explosion, only without a radioactive component. Field tests showed high efficiency of the unit - not only radio-electronic, but also ordinary electronic equipment of wire architecture, fails within a radius of 3,5 km. Those. not only removes the main communication headsets from normal operation, blinding and stunning the enemy, but in fact leaves the whole unit without any local electronic control systems, including weapons. The advantages of such a "non-lethal" defeat are obvious - the enemy will only have to surrender, and the equipment can be obtained as a trophy. The problem is only in the effective means of delivering this charge - it has a relatively large mass and the rocket must be sufficiently large and, as a result, very vulnerable to destruction of air defense / missile defense, ”the expert explained.
The developments of NIIRP (now a subdivision of the Almaz-Antey Air Defense Concern) and the Physico-Technical Institute named for them are interesting. Ioffe Investigating the effect of powerful microwave radiation from the ground on air objects (targets), the specialists of these institutions unexpectedly received local plasma formations, which were obtained at the intersection of radiation fluxes from several sources. In contact with these formations aerial targets underwent enormous dynamic overloads and collapsed. The coordinated operation of microwave sources made it possible to quickly change the focus point, that is, to perform a re-targeting at an enormous speed or to accompany objects of virtually any aerodynamic characteristics. Experiments have shown that the impact is effective even in the combat units of ICBMs. In fact, this is not even a microwave weapon, but combat plasmoids. Unfortunately, when, in 1993, the team of authors presented a draft of an air defense / missile defense system based on these principles, Boris Yeltsin immediately offered a joint development to the American president for the consideration of the state. And although cooperation on the project did not take place, it is possible that this prompted the Americans to create the HAARP complex (High freguencu Active Auroral Research Program) in Alaska - a research project to study the ionosphere and auroras. It should be noted that for some reason this peace project is financed by the Pentagon’s DARPA agency.
Already entered service with the Russian army
To understand what place the topic of radio-electronic warfare occupies in the military-technical strategy of the Russian military department, it suffices to look at the State Arms Program until 2020. Of the total budget 21 trillion rubles of HPV, 3,2 trillion (about 15%) is planned to be spent on the development and production of attack and defense systems using sources of electromagnetic radiation. For comparison, in the budget of the Pentagon, according to experts, this proportion is much less - up to 10%. Now let's look at what can already be “felt” now, i.e. those products that have reached the series and entered service over the past few years.
The Krasukha-4 mobile electronic warfare systems suppress spy satellites, ground-based radars and aviation AWACS system, completely closes from radar detection at 150-300 km, and can also inflict radar damage to enemy electronic warfare systems and communications. The operation of the complex is based on the creation of powerful interference at the fundamental frequencies of radars and other radio-emitting sources. Manufacturer: JSC "Bryansk Electromechanical Plant" (BEMZ).
Means of electronic warfare sea-based TK-25E provides effective protection for ships of various classes. The complex is designed to provide electronic protection of the object from radio-controlled weapons of air and ship-based by creating active interference. It is planned to interface the complex with various systems of the protected object, such as a navigation complex, a radar station, and an automated combat command and control system. The equipment TC-25E provides the creation of various types of interference with the width of the spectrum from 64 to 2000 MHz, as well as pulsed misleading and simulation interference using copies of signals. The complex is able to simultaneously analyze up to 256 targets. Equipping the protected object with the TK-25E complex reduces the probability of its damage by three or more times.
The multifunctional complex “Mercury-BM” was developed and produced at KRET enterprises from 2011 of the year and is one of the most modern EW systems. The main purpose of the station is to protect manpower and equipment from single and volley fire of artillery ammunition equipped with radio-fuses. Enterprise developer: All-Russian Research Institute Gradient (Gradient Scientific-Research Institute). Similar devices are made by Minsk “KB RADAR”. Note that radio fuzers are now equipped with up to 80% of Western field artillery shells, mines and unguided rockets and almost all precision-guided munitions, these fairly simple tools allow you to protect troops from damage, including directly in the zone of contact with the enemy.
Concern "Constellation" produces a series of small-sized (wearable, portable, stand-alone) interference transmitters series RP-377. With their help, you can jam GPS signals, and in the standalone version, equipped with power sources, also placing the transmitters on a certain area, limited only by the number of transmitters. An export version of a more powerful GPS suppression system and weapon control channels is being prepared. It is already a system of object and areal protection against high-precision weapons. It was built on the modular principle, which allows to vary the area and objects of protection. Of unclassified developments are also known products MNIRTI - "Sniper-M" "I-140 / 64" and "Gigawatt", made on the basis of car trailers. They, in particular, are used for testing means of protection of radio engineering and digital systems of military, special and civil purposes from the destruction of electromagnetic radiation.
Educational program
The elemental base of the XPS is very sensitive to energy overloads, and the flow of electromagnetic energy of sufficiently high density can burn out semiconductor junctions, completely or partially disrupting their normal functioning. Low Frequency EMI Generates Electromagnetic Pulse
radiation at frequencies below 1 MHz, high-frequency electromagnetic radiation is emitted by microwave radiation - both pulsed and continuous. Low-frequency EMO affects the object through interference with wired infrastructure, including telephone lines, cables for external power supply, information feed and retrieval. High-frequency electromagnetic radiation directly penetrates the electronic equipment of an object through its antenna system. In addition to the impact on the enemy's RES, high-frequency EMO can also affect the skin and internal organs of a person. Moreover, as a result of their heating in the body, chromosomal and genetic changes are possible, activation and deactivation of viruses, transformation of immunological and behavioral reactions.
The main technical means of obtaining powerful electromagnetic pulses that form the basis of a low-frequency electromagnetic pulse is a generator with explosive compression of a magnetic field. Another potential type of high-level low-frequency magnetic energy source could be a magnetodynamic generator driven by rocket fuel or an explosive. When implementing high-frequency EMO, electronic devices such as broadband magnetrons and millimeter-wave gyrotrons, virtual cathode generators (vircators) using the centimeter range, free-electron lasers and wide-band plasma-beam ones can be used as a generator of powerful microwave radiation. generators.
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