Tank guns 2А46М-5 and 2А46М-4
It should be noted that the designers of Plant No. 9 simultaneously developed two new modifications of the 2A46M gun: 2A46M-5 and 2A46M-4. These guns have several differences due to their intended purpose. The 2A46M-5 gun was proposed to be installed on the modernized T-72 and T-90 family tanks, and the 2A46M-4 was intended to equip T-80 vehicles. The most noticeable difference between these guns is the different design of the left guard. The 2A46M-5 gun guard was developed taking into account the use of the Tagil automatic loader, and the 2A46M-4 guards are compatible with the loading mechanism of the T-80 tank. All other units and assemblies of the guns are unified. Due to the minimal differences, we will further consider both guns using the 2A46M-5 as an example.
The new tank guns of both models are an upgraded version of the previous guns of the family, developed using several new ideas. The main methods for achieving higher performance are steel stiffness of the cantilever part of the barrel, improved dynamic balance of the gun, tightening tolerances in the manufacture of the barrel and an updated system for mounting the barrel in the cradle.
The 2А46М-5 can be mounted on the same mounting systems as the 2А46М. 2А46М-4, in turn, on the installation site is interchangeable with 2А46М-1. The most noticeable external difference of the updated guns is the device for accounting of trunk bends. The device itself is installed above the breech, and a reflector is mounted near the muzzle. The bending metering device determines the deviation of the barrel axis from the neutral position and sends this data to the fire control system. The use of barrel bending data in calculations allows one to increase the accuracy with intensive shooting and to compensate for barrel deformation caused by heating.
With the modernization of the large changes undergone cradle guns. So, to reduce the cantilever of the barrel, it was proposed to use a cradle with a neck extended by 160 mm. The modified neck has greater rigidity in comparison with the details of previous tools of the family. In addition, in the design of the cradle used the second prism sleeve of bronze.
In the 2А46М-5 / 2А46М-4 project, the tolerances on the geometry of the trunk are reduced. However, in the manufacture of tools, the formation of a backlash is possible when the barrel is installed in the cradle. For a snug fit in the cradle, the latter is equipped with two backlash devices, in the front and rear of the upper surface. The structure of each of these devices includes two sleeves with rollers, placed in special shafts in the cradle and pressed with screw plugs. Four rollers firmly press the barrel against the lower inner surface of the cradle and allow to get rid of the backlash.
The design of the supports for the sliding parts of the gun has been changed. The front support consists of two bronze annular bushes, the back consists of four rectangular overlays made of the same material. The rear support is transferred to the clip part of the cradle. Such improvements have improved the fixation of the trunk on the supports, as well as eliminate the overturning moment during the rollback.
The 2-46М-5 cradle is equipped with new devices for tank installation. In particular, new zero-clearance trunnion bearings with hollow rollers with an elastic surface were used. Such bearings reduce the backlash when the gun is installed, and also improve the fixing of the trunnions in the armored turret.
Like the previous armament of the family, the 2А46М-5 cannon is equipped with a smooth barrel of 125 mm caliber with a length of 6 m. The length of the charging chamber is 840 mm. To improve the accuracy of shooting, the upgraded guns received a barrel made with smaller tolerances. During the development of the project and production technologies, it was possible to optimize the trunk geometry with preservation of the required characteristics. Thus, the stiffness of the barrel tube increased by 10% to 420 kg / cm. In addition, the difference in wall thickness of the muzzle of the barrel at a length of 1 m is reduced. At the request of the customer, the barrel bore can be chrome-plated, which increases its life.
To simplify maintenance, the 2A46M-5 gun barrel is attached to the breech using a bayonet connection. When dismantling the barrel, a special key must be placed on its octagonal part, the barrel must be turned 45° and pushed out of the breech. Using a crane with a lifting capacity of up to 2 tons, the repair unit can replace the barrel in about 4 hours. Dismantling the turret is not required, which is a characteristic feature of the 2A46M family of guns.
During rollback, the overturning moment acts on the gun barrel. For its reduction in the design of the gun 2А46М-5 used recoil devices with a diagonal arrangement of the coil brake. One of them is in the upper right (when looking from the breech of the gun) part of the breech, the second - in the lower left. To the right of the lower brake is provided nakatnik. All hydraulic components of the implement are equipped with devices for visual control of the amount of fluid.
The aim of the 2А46М-5 / 2А46М-4 projects was to improve the performance of the fire. The main characteristics, such as the firing range or the power of ammunition, remained at the same level or depend on the type of projectile used. At the same time, the accuracy characteristics increased significantly. In comparison with the 2А46М, the accuracy of shooting was increased by 17-20%. The total dispersion when shooting in motion is reduced by a factor of 1,7.
The 2А46М-5 and 2А46М-4 cannons can use the entire range of 125-mm ammunition for the 2А46 family of guns. In addition, they can be used as a launcher for guided missiles of the Cobra and Reflex complexes. Improving the characteristics of the gun allows you to increase the effectiveness of the fire, even when using existing ammunition.
The 2А46М-5 and 2А46М-4 cannons are designed for installation on T-72, T-90 and T-80 tanks. It is possible to mount weapons not only on new combat vehicles, but also on existing equipment during its repair and modernization. According to some reports, in the 2006-2007, the modernized 2А46М-5 / 2А46М-4 gun was adopted by the Russian army and installed on new tanks.
Based on:
http://zavod9.com/
http://army-guide.com/
http://computerland-spb.ru/images/pdf_uvz/Guns_spreads.pdf
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