KTO Rosomak (part of 1)
WTO (wheeled armored personnel carrier) Wolverine
CTO Wolverine is the Polish version of the AMV vehicle created by the Finnish company Patria Vehicles Oy. Patria won the tender, which ended in December on 2002 on 690 wheeled armored personnel carriers, beating the competitive Pandur II (Steyr - Daimler - Puch), as well as Piranha IIIC (MOWAG). The name "Wolverine" was chosen as a result of a competition announced in the magazine "New Military Equipment" (Nowa Technika Wojskowa). The combat version of the conveyor has a double Hitfist tower - 30P, developed by Italian Mellar. By agreement, the manufacture of most of the vehicles ordered must be made in Poland. The conveyor production line was set up at the Military Mechanical Plant (WZM) in the town of Siemianowice-ленlsk. The assembly line, and later the production of the towers, went to the enterprise Bumar - Łabędy in Gliwice. At the moment, the program includes a huge number of suppliers of items of equipment or those who are developing specialized versions. By agreement with the manufacturer, the platform being developed is also an improved version of the conveyor, which can be ordered after the delivery of vehicles from the first order is completed.
The XC-360 transporter was developed as a successor to the BTR, which has been manufactured since the early eighties, Sisu XA – 180, as well as its varieties. It is interesting that five armored personnel carriers of this type were leased by the Polish army and used by the military contingent on the Golan Heights.
The first tactical and technical requirements for the new transporter appeared in the first half of the nineties, the final version of the requirements was approved in the 1999 year. The main machine had to be of modular construction, and also should have a reduction in the effect of visibility, through limiting heat, noise and a special form of the hull, which reduces radar reflection. When designing, computer equipment, a design program (CAD), is used to a very large extent. The first car model (equipped with an AMOS caliber 120 mm tower with a double-barreled mortar) appeared in 2000-m, in the same year was shown at the Eurosatory exhibition in Paris. The first prototype appeared in November 2001 of the year and was supposed to be used only for testing, but these plans were changed. At that time, the Polish Ministry of Defense announced a tender for the supply of wheeled armored personnel carriers for the Polish army.
Replacement plans for wheeled armored personnel carriers in Poland relate to the second half of the 90, when BTR SKOTs began to be withdrawn from the troops en masse (only service carriers of specialized equipment were left in service). It should be remembered that the first plans also talked about buying a small number of armored personnel carriers, which should have been used only for foreign missions (1998 talked about buying an 180 BTR). During this period, Polish troops participated in operations in the Balkans. It was not planned also at the beginning of the use of heavy weapons on the BTR, they were supposed to be equipped with only machine guns. By the time the tender began, these requirements were changed.
20 in May The 2002 transporter reached Poland, where the American Delco tower was supposed to be added (the main weapon is the M25 Bushmaster 242-mm automatic cannon). The reunion took place at the WZM enterprises in Siemianowice-Slask, which initially became a partner of Patrii in the KTO program. Already 22 May in Suleuwek vehicle was presented to representatives of the troops and the press. May 24 passed shooting at the range, with the towers of the OTO Melara HITFIST - 25 and Delco - 25 at the range in Wędrzynie. In total, during tests in Poland, an armored troop-carrier passed 2700 km without damage. The car was delivered to Finland for the installation of propellers and intrinsic. In September, the vehicle was again in Poland, presented at the MSPO 2002 (equipped with the PML 127 OWS unmanned module with an 12,7-mm NSWT). 9-14 September in Suleiuwek, studies have been conducted that relate to the buoyancy of a vehicle with different types of equipment, simulating future weapons. The buoyancy margin at the maximum tested mass of 22 800 kg exceeded the norm by 14,2%. At the end of 2002, the second prototype AMV was completed at the Patrii enterprises. 20 December The 2002 Tender Chamber of the Polish Ministry of Defense decided with the choice of Patria as the supplier of armored wheeled transporters for the Polish Army. The supply contract for 2004-2013, provided for 690 vehicles, was signed on 15 on April 2003.
The car in the Polish configuration, which was previously designated XC - 360P since the signing of the contract no longer existed. The most significant change in the Polish version of the conveyor: the reduction in the car's own weight from 26 tons (in the Finnish configuration) to 21 tons, which made it possible to transport the BTRs with C-130 aircraft. The width of the car was also reduced (on the outer armor of the car in the Polish configuration there is no characteristic bend like on a Finnish car), as well as the re-equipment of the troop compartment with two stern doors instead of a folding hydraulic ramp.
In 2004, the PS - 0 pre-production conveyor was completed and presented, which already had most of the solutions used, which were in the requirements for the Polish version such as: tapered housing. 31 May 2004, the first two transport vehicles for the Polish Army (PL-1 and PL-2) reached Gdini. Then they were transported to enterprises in Siemianowice-Шlленsk, where the installation of the Hitfist single-person tower 30P delivered to Italy on PL-1 armor, as well as general testing and verification of both transporters took place. According to the schedule, 30 June 2004, the solemn transfer of both vehicles to representatives of the troops and the official presentation of the name of their own "Wolverine" took place in Sulejuwek.
The AMV conveyor is a steel beam frame construction. It is mounted on the suspension system and driving. This design provides greater rigidity, as well as easier maintenance of some elements. The power plant of the vehicle is a 6 cylinder, ordinary diesel engine with a Scania DI 12 56A03PE turbocharger with a maximum power of 360 kW (490 hp) at 2100 rpm. Engine displacement 11,7 liters, liquid cooling. It works with the automatic transmission ZF 7HP 902S Ecomat, 7 forward gears and 1 rear, which allows you to reach a maximum speed in excess of 100 km / h. Movement in the water is ensured by two propellers, with a maximum speed of 10 km / year. The exhaust system is equipped with an exhaust cooling system. Fuel capacity is 325 liters.
The vehicle has eight wheels, 14.00R20, which are derived to a central tire pressure monitoring system. All wheels have an independent suspension, are depreciated through the drives of the hydropneumatic system, allow you to adjust the ground clearance in 200 mm - 250 mm. The suspension travel is 450 mm. The turning radius of the car is 12 meters. Overcoming obstacles: a hill with a slope to 60 hail, maximum lateral tilt to 35 degrees, vertical wall 0,5 m, beards 1,5 m width of the trench 2,1 m.
The Polish version has received a number of domestic solutions, such as the Stopfire fire extinguishing system, the Fonet intercom system, the driver observation device PNK - 72 Radomka, Polish radio stations VHF z Radmoru.
It was designed by Italian Oto Melarę. Hitfist Tower - 30P is a two-seater turret armed with an ATK Mk 30 Buschmaster II automatic cannon (equipped with an ammunition dual power supply mechanism) and 44-mm machine gun UKM, 7,62C. The design represents the development of the Hitfist tower - 2000, used on the Italian Dardo infantry fighting vehicles. The tower was however significantly modified according to Polish requirements. The biggest change is a significant reduction in height - with the goal of reducing the silhouette of the car so that it becomes possible to transport the aircraft C - 25 Hercules. Interestingly, a tower with a design very close to the Polish one was used on the Italian BTA Centauro VBM Freccia.
The tower is armored, built of aluminum, and also equipped with additional ceramic armor. The armament is controlled by a fire monitoring system equipped with a DNRS-288 day-night sight from Kolsman, a second-generation TILDE FC thermal camera, Galileo Avionica, and a laser range finder. Additional equipment includes a set of sensors of the SSP system - 1 Obra - 3 and also an aerosol launcher (it contains six 81-mm caliber) grenades.
The shooter sits on the right side of the machine, there is a SKO console with controllers, as well as a ten-inch screen, a backup (optical) sight and a hand held occasion, which serves to turn the turret in case of power failure in the turret drive motors (azimuth regulating left height). The addition is the front periscope. In front of the shooter there is a system for removing sleeves from the main armament, as well as a machine gun, which he also maintains (reloading and removal, empty tapes).
The commander sits on the left side of the tower. By its disposal has a workplace SKO, as well as a set of periscopes 8, which allow you to familiarize yourself with the situation around the BTR. Periscopes have the ability to hide, so that they do not stick out the contours of the tower (this design forced the requirement of air transport to be put forward). The commander can take over full control over the armament of the car.
Own weight of the tower 2350 kg, but its combat weight 2850 kg. Its height (with hidden periscopes) is 595 mm, rotation in 360 degrees, the declination / elevation angles of the weapon are 10 and + 60 degrees. The stock of 30-mm ammunition ready for use is 220 shells, in addition 250 shells are located in two under the fields under the turret.
In 2010, the Bumar group proposed an increase in the capability of the turret, due to the installation of anti-tank missiles and the addition of an independent panoramic sight to the commander. An alternative option is to equip the subsequent Wolverine Hitfist unmanned tower - the 30 OWS, which is already equipped with anti-tank systems.
Plans with 2002
In accordance with the initial plans, which are now irrelevant, the plans for the order should have been 690 transport of the following versions:
313 Wolverine and Wolverine - 2 - the main version of the infantry combat vehicle, according to the original plans of the Hitfist towing system - 30P, was to be adapted for use with Spike ATGM - LR, Wolverine - 2; Spike.
125 Pieces Wolverine - 1 - infantry transporter with a 12,7-mm machine gun module.
78 pieces Wolverine WDST - car tactical commander
41 Wolverine WEM - medical evacuation vehicle
34 Wolverine WPT - technical assistance vehicle
32 R1 Wolverine and R2 Wolverine - (8 and 24 transporter, respectively), diagnostic cars, it was first planned to build a shorter version of the Wolverine using 60 × 6, which is now planned to be built on the basis of the reconnaissance version 6 × 8 (8-mm gun).
23 things - artillery car (until the end we know what exactly the weapon of this version should have been) support.
22 stuff - engineering car
17 Pieces - Chemical Intelligence Vehicle
5 Pieces - Engineering Intelligence Car
Plans with 2008 year
In 2008, decisions are made that allow the continuation of an order for an armored personnel carrier Wolverine, as well as an increase in the development of work on specialized options. The initial order for 690 machines can be extended further by 140 cars (later there were reports that the new machines ordered will be based on the improved design of the 2 generation Wolverine). The number of KTO Wolverine vehicles that the motorized battalion will be equipped with has been increased from 75 to 88.
Contract Renewal in 2013
This year, the production of cars from the initial order for the 6 90 Wolverine has come to an end. After adjustment, this number consists of: 359 combat vehicles and 331 special vehicles, (base). In the second half of this year, the agreement between AMP SA and Patria Land Services Oy was revised, which was preceded by an agreement between Patria and the treasury on behalf of the Ministry of Economy.
Based on the agreement, WZM S. A received the right to continue the license for the products and sales of Wolverine for the Armed Forces during 10 years (until 31 December 2023), the Ministry of Defense plans to buy 307 vehicles. Also, Wolverine’s export restrictions were abolished, which allow Wolverine to be sold on the world market and regulate WZM and Patri’s cooperation in this area (the agreement is also for 10 years).
WZM SA received the right to independently design specialized versions, as well as modernize and modify new, as well as previously produced vehicles for the Armed Forces of the Polish Republic, as well as selling them to third markets. This agreement will be valid for 30 years from the date of the last sales, but no later than before the 2052 year.
To be continued ...
CTO Wolverine during international exercises
CTO Wolverine is the Polish version of the AMV vehicle created by the Finnish company Patria Vehicles Oy. Patria won the tender, which ended in December on 2002 on 690 wheeled armored personnel carriers, beating the competitive Pandur II (Steyr - Daimler - Puch), as well as Piranha IIIC (MOWAG). The name "Wolverine" was chosen as a result of a competition announced in the magazine "New Military Equipment" (Nowa Technika Wojskowa). The combat version of the conveyor has a double Hitfist tower - 30P, developed by Italian Mellar. By agreement, the manufacture of most of the vehicles ordered must be made in Poland. The conveyor production line was set up at the Military Mechanical Plant (WZM) in the town of Siemianowice-ленlsk. The assembly line, and later the production of the towers, went to the enterprise Bumar - Łabędy in Gliwice. At the moment, the program includes a huge number of suppliers of items of equipment or those who are developing specialized versions. By agreement with the manufacturer, the platform being developed is also an improved version of the conveyor, which can be ordered after the delivery of vehicles from the first order is completed.
AMV Transporter
Patria AMV transporter prototype with Delco-25 turret as well as the first two Wolverines (combat and base)
The XC-360 transporter was developed as a successor to the BTR, which has been manufactured since the early eighties, Sisu XA – 180, as well as its varieties. It is interesting that five armored personnel carriers of this type were leased by the Polish army and used by the military contingent on the Golan Heights.
The first tactical and technical requirements for the new transporter appeared in the first half of the nineties, the final version of the requirements was approved in the 1999 year. The main machine had to be of modular construction, and also should have a reduction in the effect of visibility, through limiting heat, noise and a special form of the hull, which reduces radar reflection. When designing, computer equipment, a design program (CAD), is used to a very large extent. The first car model (equipped with an AMOS caliber 120 mm tower with a double-barreled mortar) appeared in 2000-m, in the same year was shown at the Eurosatory exhibition in Paris. The first prototype appeared in November 2001 of the year and was supposed to be used only for testing, but these plans were changed. At that time, the Polish Ministry of Defense announced a tender for the supply of wheeled armored personnel carriers for the Polish army.
Replacement plans for wheeled armored personnel carriers in Poland relate to the second half of the 90, when BTR SKOTs began to be withdrawn from the troops en masse (only service carriers of specialized equipment were left in service). It should be remembered that the first plans also talked about buying a small number of armored personnel carriers, which should have been used only for foreign missions (1998 talked about buying an 180 BTR). During this period, Polish troops participated in operations in the Balkans. It was not planned also at the beginning of the use of heavy weapons on the BTR, they were supposed to be equipped with only machine guns. By the time the tender began, these requirements were changed.
The troop compartment of the early and current Wolverine, the number of seats for the assault force was reduced from 8 to 6, the seats themselves were reinforced, under the seat is also an additional reservation that provides additional security, and seat belts were also added.
20 in May The 2002 transporter reached Poland, where the American Delco tower was supposed to be added (the main weapon is the M25 Bushmaster 242-mm automatic cannon). The reunion took place at the WZM enterprises in Siemianowice-Slask, which initially became a partner of Patrii in the KTO program. Already 22 May in Suleuwek vehicle was presented to representatives of the troops and the press. May 24 passed shooting at the range, with the towers of the OTO Melara HITFIST - 25 and Delco - 25 at the range in Wędrzynie. In total, during tests in Poland, an armored troop-carrier passed 2700 km without damage. The car was delivered to Finland for the installation of propellers and intrinsic. In September, the vehicle was again in Poland, presented at the MSPO 2002 (equipped with the PML 127 OWS unmanned module with an 12,7-mm NSWT). 9-14 September in Suleiuwek, studies have been conducted that relate to the buoyancy of a vehicle with different types of equipment, simulating future weapons. The buoyancy margin at the maximum tested mass of 22 800 kg exceeded the norm by 14,2%. At the end of 2002, the second prototype AMV was completed at the Patrii enterprises. 20 December The 2002 Tender Chamber of the Polish Ministry of Defense decided with the choice of Patria as the supplier of armored wheeled transporters for the Polish Army. The supply contract for 2004-2013, provided for 690 vehicles, was signed on 15 on April 2003.
The car in the Polish configuration, which was previously designated XC - 360P since the signing of the contract no longer existed. The most significant change in the Polish version of the conveyor: the reduction in the car's own weight from 26 tons (in the Finnish configuration) to 21 tons, which made it possible to transport the BTRs with C-130 aircraft. The width of the car was also reduced (on the outer armor of the car in the Polish configuration there is no characteristic bend like on a Finnish car), as well as the re-equipment of the troop compartment with two stern doors instead of a folding hydraulic ramp.
MTO Wolverine Scania DI 12 56A03PE, which consists of the engine, gearbox ZF 7HP 902S Ecomat and the cooling system; Wolverine wheel is equipped with tabs that allow you to continue with shot through tires.
In 2004, the PS - 0 pre-production conveyor was completed and presented, which already had most of the solutions used, which were in the requirements for the Polish version such as: tapered housing. 31 May 2004, the first two transport vehicles for the Polish Army (PL-1 and PL-2) reached Gdini. Then they were transported to enterprises in Siemianowice-Шlленsk, where the installation of the Hitfist single-person tower 30P delivered to Italy on PL-1 armor, as well as general testing and verification of both transporters took place. According to the schedule, 30 June 2004, the solemn transfer of both vehicles to representatives of the troops and the official presentation of the name of their own "Wolverine" took place in Sulejuwek.
The AMV conveyor is a steel beam frame construction. It is mounted on the suspension system and driving. This design provides greater rigidity, as well as easier maintenance of some elements. The power plant of the vehicle is a 6 cylinder, ordinary diesel engine with a Scania DI 12 56A03PE turbocharger with a maximum power of 360 kW (490 hp) at 2100 rpm. Engine displacement 11,7 liters, liquid cooling. It works with the automatic transmission ZF 7HP 902S Ecomat, 7 forward gears and 1 rear, which allows you to reach a maximum speed in excess of 100 km / h. Movement in the water is ensured by two propellers, with a maximum speed of 10 km / year. The exhaust system is equipped with an exhaust cooling system. Fuel capacity is 325 liters.
Successful placement of the winch allows you to use it in both directions; Above the rear doors is the driver’s rear view camera.
The vehicle has eight wheels, 14.00R20, which are derived to a central tire pressure monitoring system. All wheels have an independent suspension, are depreciated through the drives of the hydropneumatic system, allow you to adjust the ground clearance in 200 mm - 250 mm. The suspension travel is 450 mm. The turning radius of the car is 12 meters. Overcoming obstacles: a hill with a slope to 60 hail, maximum lateral tilt to 35 degrees, vertical wall 0,5 m, beards 1,5 m width of the trench 2,1 m.
The Polish version has received a number of domestic solutions, such as the Stopfire fire extinguishing system, the Fonet intercom system, the driver observation device PNK - 72 Radomka, Polish radio stations VHF z Radmoru.
Hitfist Tower - 30P
It was designed by Italian Oto Melarę. Hitfist Tower - 30P is a two-seater turret armed with an ATK Mk 30 Buschmaster II automatic cannon (equipped with an ammunition dual power supply mechanism) and 44-mm machine gun UKM, 7,62C. The design represents the development of the Hitfist tower - 2000, used on the Italian Dardo infantry fighting vehicles. The tower was however significantly modified according to Polish requirements. The biggest change is a significant reduction in height - with the goal of reducing the silhouette of the car so that it becomes possible to transport the aircraft C - 25 Hercules. Interestingly, a tower with a design very close to the Polish one was used on the Italian BTA Centauro VBM Freccia.
The tower is armored, built of aluminum, and also equipped with additional ceramic armor. The armament is controlled by a fire monitoring system equipped with a DNRS-288 day-night sight from Kolsman, a second-generation TILDE FC thermal camera, Galileo Avionica, and a laser range finder. Additional equipment includes a set of sensors of the SSP system - 1 Obra - 3 and also an aerosol launcher (it contains six 81-mm caliber) grenades.
The location of the commander Wolverine, a visible set of periscopes, a SKO console, a Mk 44 dual-powered gun drive in the depths; Gunner's position, visible aiming system with a screen and manipulators, a scope eyepiece, a UKM machine gun - 2000C
The shooter sits on the right side of the machine, there is a SKO console with controllers, as well as a ten-inch screen, a backup (optical) sight and a hand held occasion, which serves to turn the turret in case of power failure in the turret drive motors (azimuth regulating left height). The addition is the front periscope. In front of the shooter there is a system for removing sleeves from the main armament, as well as a machine gun, which he also maintains (reloading and removal, empty tapes).
The commander sits on the left side of the tower. By its disposal has a workplace SKO, as well as a set of periscopes 8, which allow you to familiarize yourself with the situation around the BTR. Periscopes have the ability to hide, so that they do not stick out the contours of the tower (this design forced the requirement of air transport to be put forward). The commander can take over full control over the armament of the car.
The SSP 1-3 Obra exposure warning sensor system and the 81-mm smoke grenade launcher, as well as the main sight "eye" with a thermal imaging camera, optical channel and laser range finder.
Own weight of the tower 2350 kg, but its combat weight 2850 kg. Its height (with hidden periscopes) is 595 mm, rotation in 360 degrees, the declination / elevation angles of the weapon are 10 and + 60 degrees. The stock of 30-mm ammunition ready for use is 220 shells, in addition 250 shells are located in two under the fields under the turret.
In 2010, the Bumar group proposed an increase in the capability of the turret, due to the installation of anti-tank missiles and the addition of an independent panoramic sight to the commander. An alternative option is to equip the subsequent Wolverine Hitfist unmanned tower - the 30 OWS, which is already equipped with anti-tank systems.
Plans
Plans with 2002
In accordance with the initial plans, which are now irrelevant, the plans for the order should have been 690 transport of the following versions:
313 Wolverine and Wolverine - 2 - the main version of the infantry combat vehicle, according to the original plans of the Hitfist towing system - 30P, was to be adapted for use with Spike ATGM - LR, Wolverine - 2; Spike.
125 Pieces Wolverine - 1 - infantry transporter with a 12,7-mm machine gun module.
78 pieces Wolverine WDST - car tactical commander
41 Wolverine WEM - medical evacuation vehicle
34 Wolverine WPT - technical assistance vehicle
32 R1 Wolverine and R2 Wolverine - (8 and 24 transporter, respectively), diagnostic cars, it was first planned to build a shorter version of the Wolverine using 60 × 6, which is now planned to be built on the basis of the reconnaissance version 6 × 8 (8-mm gun).
23 things - artillery car (until the end we know what exactly the weapon of this version should have been) support.
22 stuff - engineering car
17 Pieces - Chemical Intelligence Vehicle
5 Pieces - Engineering Intelligence Car
Plans with 2008 year
In 2008, decisions are made that allow the continuation of an order for an armored personnel carrier Wolverine, as well as an increase in the development of work on specialized options. The initial order for 690 machines can be extended further by 140 cars (later there were reports that the new machines ordered will be based on the improved design of the 2 generation Wolverine). The number of KTO Wolverine vehicles that the motorized battalion will be equipped with has been increased from 75 to 88.
Contract Renewal in 2013
This year, the production of cars from the initial order for the 6 90 Wolverine has come to an end. After adjustment, this number consists of: 359 combat vehicles and 331 special vehicles, (base). In the second half of this year, the agreement between AMP SA and Patria Land Services Oy was revised, which was preceded by an agreement between Patria and the treasury on behalf of the Ministry of Economy.
Based on the agreement, WZM S. A received the right to continue the license for the products and sales of Wolverine for the Armed Forces during 10 years (until 31 December 2023), the Ministry of Defense plans to buy 307 vehicles. Also, Wolverine’s export restrictions were abolished, which allow Wolverine to be sold on the world market and regulate WZM and Patri’s cooperation in this area (the agreement is also for 10 years).
WZM SA received the right to independently design specialized versions, as well as modernize and modify new, as well as previously produced vehicles for the Armed Forces of the Polish Republic, as well as selling them to third markets. This agreement will be valid for 30 years from the date of the last sales, but no later than before the 2052 year.
To be continued ...
Information