AN/SPY-6 radar complex and its prospects
AFAR for the AN/SPY-6(V)1 complex during testing
At the request of the Navy, the US military industry developed and brought to production the promising shipborne radar system AN/SPY-6. With its help, in the future it is planned to improve the capabilities of ships to illuminate the situation and search for surface and air targets of various kinds. The first complex of the new type has already been installed on the carrier destroyer and put into operation, and in the future similar systems will be received by ships of other classes and types.
Concept and its implementation
History The current AN/SPY-6 project dates back to the early XNUMXs, when the US Navy began making plans for the further development of surface fleet. Various concepts were proposed and considered, providing for the construction of new ships or the modernization of existing ones. The issues of creating new radio engineering and radar systems were also explored. For a number of reasons, it was possible to formulate a general concept for the development of the fleet, taking into account all factors and threats, only by the beginning of the tenth years.
In accordance with the new plans, in 2010 the Pentagon launched a competition to develop a promising “S-band air and missile defense locator” Air and Missile Defense S-band Radar (AMDR-S), as well as a control system for it under the designation Radar Suite Controller (RSC). Raytheon, Lockheed Martin and Northrop Grumman soon presented their versions of the same products.
In October 2013, Raytheon was announced as the winner of the competition. The company was awarded a contract worth $386 million to complete the development and manufacture of an experimental radar complex. According to initial plans, the installation of the first radar system on the carrier ship was to take place by 2016. At this stage, the complex received the official designation AN/SPY-6.
The composition of the AN/SPY-6 radar, supplemented by other radar equipment
According to the technical specifications, the AN/SPY-6 product was supposed to be a multifunctional radar complex designed to monitor the air and surface situation, detect and track targets, as well as issue target designation to fire weapons and/or fire control. From the point of view of general tasks, the new radar system should not have been fundamentally different from the existing ones, but the customer wanted to receive a significant increase in all tactical, technical and operational characteristics.
At the stage of preliminary development of the concept and development of technical specifications, an unusual idea appeared that distinguishes the AMDR-S project from its predecessors. It was proposed to make the radar modular and provide the ability to select the configuration, composition and number of units used. It was proposed to use such radar modifications on ships of various designs, from destroyers to aircraft carriers.
The AN/SPY-6(V)1 basic modification complexes should be installed on all new Arleigh Burke destroyers of the Flight III modification. A modification of the AN/SPY-6(V)4 for ships of the previous Flight IIA series is also being developed. Landing ships and aircraft carriers of current projects will receive a simplified AN/SPY-6(V)2 radar or Enterprise Air Surveillance Radar (EASR) during modernization. A modification without significant simplifications, AN/SPY-6(V)3, is intended for modern aircraft carriers of the Gerald R. Ford type.
Complex in production
At the beginning of 2016, Raytheon manufactured an experimental radar system in a basic version for destroyers and conducted its factory tests. In the middle of the year, the product was transferred to the Navy for testing at their test sites. Various events were held up to 2019 inclusive. According to known data, the complex monitored various air targets; training launches of ballistic missiles were also carried out. The use of radar systems in complex jamming environments was tested, etc.
The destroyer USS Jack H. Lucas (DDG-125) is the first carrier of the new radar system. The characteristic radio-transparent AFAR cover is visible on the superstructure
After testing was completed, mass production began. In July of the same year, the first components of the AN/SPY-6 product were assembled and sent to the Huntington-Ingalls Shipbuilding plant. There they were to be installed on the Arleigh Burke-class destroyer USS Jack H. Lucas (DDG-125) under construction. By October, the shipment of components for the first carrier ship was completed.
Jack Lucas was launched on June 4, 2021. Completion and subsequent sea trials, as well as testing of new equipment, took two years. At the end of June 2023, the ship came under the control of the Navy, and preparations began for entry into service. The official acceptance of the pennant took place later, in early October.
The destroyer USS Jack H. Lucas (DDG-125) is the first and so far the only carrier of the AN/SPY-6 radar system in the US Navy. A ship with a new locator performs combat training tasks and participates in combat service. In addition, its crew gains experience in operating new equipment and helps identify remaining design and software flaws.
In March 2022, Raytheon received a new contract for the production of AN/SPY-6 products. By the end of the decade, it is planned to deliver a total of 38 radar systems of all modifications. As reported, these locators will be installed on all new warships of the US Navy. It should be noted that the ordered radar systems will only be enough to equip new ships. Additional orders will be required to modernize the existing fleet.
In parallel with the radar system for destroyers, an experimental product AN/SPY-6(V)2 for landing ships was tested. The activities were completed in 2019, and the launch of production of the first serial product was expected in the near future. They were going to install it on the UDC of the San Antonio project. Work on modifying V3 is still ongoing. The first carrier of this complex will be the aircraft carrier USS John F. Kennedy (CVN-79).
Standard placement of the radar antenna on Arleigh Burke-class destroyers
Technological breakthrough
The AN/SPY-6 radar of all modifications is proposed to be built on the basis of a common set of units. The complex includes antenna array modules (Radar Modular Assembly - RMA), computer tools for processing signals and data, as well as for issuing target designation and working with other ship equipment. The operation of all these devices is provided by power supply, cooling, etc. modules.
The unified RMA module is of greatest interest. It is made in a rectangular case with a front panel measuring 610x610 mm and is mounted using standardized fasteners and connectors. The module contains 144 transceiver elements based on gallium nitride. Using one or another number of RMA products, it is proposed to form an active phased antenna array of the desired configuration.
Thus, Arleigh Burke Flight III ships have more space for installing AFAR and must carry four antenna panels with 44 RMA modules each. Flight IIA destroyers can only receive 24-module arrays. The AN/SPY-6(V3) modification provides for the assembly of three arrays of 9 modules. The AN/SPY-6(V2) version has the simplest configuration - it has 9 modules placed on a rotating base.
The developer reports that the new radar consumes twice as much energy as the existing AN/SPY-1 station. This ensures a 35-fold increase in radiation power. Through the use of modern computing tools, productivity has been dramatically increased. Thus, AN/SPY-1 tracks up to 200 targets per AFAR, and the new radar system in this regard should exceed it by more than 30 times. However, the exact tactical and technical characteristics of the complex have not yet been published.
Design appearance of the aircraft carrier USS John F. Kennedy (CVN-79). One of the AN/SPY-6(V)3 AFARs is visible at the stern of the superstructure
AN/SPY-6 is fully integrated with the NIFC-CA (Naval Integrated Fire Control-Counter Air) fire control system. With the help of this system, data from the radar will be sent to fire weapons for subsequent destruction of air targets, aerodynamic and ballistic.
Raytheon proactively worked on the electronic warfare function. If necessary, the complex can send not only a probing signal, but also directional interference. Setting up active interference does not interfere with the operation of other transmitting and receiving elements and RMA modules in general.
Particularly important project
The AN/SPY-6 radar development and production project is of particular importance to the US Navy. It is directly related to the development of the fleet's radio-electronic systems and the improvement of its capabilities in the context of monitoring the situation and detecting targets. The new radar system will significantly increase the characteristics of this kind, and we are talking about ships of several different projects.
To date, the development company has tested two modifications of the new radar, and one of them has already entered production. So far, only one ship has received the finished AN/SPY-6 complex, but in the coming years the number of its carriers is going to be increased. Time will tell whether the Navy will be able to fulfill all its plans and meet the deadlines.
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