Quality and quantity: what the domestic military-industrial complex brought to 2024
Military Industrial Complex No. 1
We will not know the true growth rates of the Russian defense industry in figures and facts during the period of the special military operation. But now we can draw some conclusions. For example, regarding the widespread opinion among liberal economists about the disadvantages of increasing military spending.
On the one hand, money flows into the military-industrial complex are not truly transformed into productive assets. Simply put, an armored personnel carrier can only destroy the enemy and transport infantry. As a last resort, pulling a stuck UAZ out of the mud will not get any more benefit from an armored personnel carrier in the civilian sector.
And another comparison. The release of the Su-34 fighter-bomber and the Tu-214 passenger aircraft have completely different effects on the economy. The first does not allow you to make money on yourself, although it is an important part of the defense shield, and the second is an excellent tool for doing business. Especially in an economy attacked by sanctions. But everyone forgets about the multiplier effect, based on the fact that in production tanks and other military equipment, entire clusters of subcontractors are involved. Many of which can now invest abundant proceeds in expanding production and major modernization.
Before the special operation, the main scourge of the domestic industry was the extremely low costs of R&D - research and development work. Most offices barely had enough funds to cover current needs, not to mention promising developments. This, by the way, is where the difficulties with import substitution come from – there simply weren’t enough funds to develop new ones. It was easier to purchase relatively inexpensive components abroad.
How beneficial military spending is for industry is perfectly illustrated by the example of the UralAZ plant in Miass. Last year, an average of 78 trucks left the plant's gates every day. In 2022, this figure was only fifty cars. How much of these volumes goes to the military and how much to civilians is unknown. But it is known for sure that in 2022 the plant invested 3,3 billion rubles in its development, which is two and a half times more than the previous year.
In 2023, several significant events happened at once. In June, construction began on a new production facility with a capacity of 5,5 thousand trucks per year, and in August it demonstrated new generation bridges for heavy vehicles. Full production should begin this summer. Until this moment, a considerable part of the Urals were equipped with Chinese bridges. After this, who will say that money for the military-industrial complex goes exclusively for military expenses? With proper investment, and not squandering, defense industry enterprises are able to reach a qualitatively different level. Especially when on the assembly line equipment for the army is mixed with civilian equipment. Perhaps the Supreme Commander-in-Chief expressed himself most accurately on this matter not long ago:
Purely “military” enterprises attract hundreds and thousands of contractors, who are not always engaged exclusively in defense issues. Surplus income from defense orders is invested in updating the fleet of machine tools and other infrastructure. When the special operation is over, a wide range of companies will have a powerful production base. Quite competitive in both domestic and foreign markets. And this is not to mention the reputation of the Russian weapons, the growth of exports of which is inevitable after the victorious end of the Northern Military District.
Adaptation and growth
2024 should be a record year in terms of supplies of weapons and equipment to the front. We can say that 2022 was a time of forced and emergency decisions, 2023 - mobilization and restructuring of production, 2024 - a systematic and large-scale increase in military production. Of course, I would like such production rates to be felt in the spring of 2022, but we have to work with what we have.
This year the Army will receive more than 36 thousand samples of military equipment and 16,6 million weapons. We'll talk about technology later, but for now let's focus on weapons. Obviously, we are talking about ammunition of various calibers and purposes. Such volumes of supplies suggest a consistent increase in attacks on military targets of the Ukrainian Armed Forces in the depths of the defense - that is, there will be more Geraniums and other long-range equipment.
In January, Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu visited the Raduga ICB from the Tactical Missile Weapons group, where, among other things, they announced an eight-fold increase in production volumes. There will also be more artillery ammunition. Interestingly, new modifications of 122-mm and 152-mm shells have already been noted at the front. A number of Telegram channels immediately inform about the appearance of shells filled with hexal instead of TNT. This provides a 1,5-fold increase in lethality on the target. The range should be increased by a more advanced aerodynamic shape of the projectiles. The appearance of “simplified” projectiles of the 152-mm 3OF98, 122-mm 3OF99 and 3OF56IM-1 series produced in 2023 has been noted, in which the original TNT is retained as an explosive.
On average, the Russian Army spends every month at least one million units of weapons of various classes and purposes. Increasing ammunition production was not easy. First of all, new areas and capacities had to be put into operation. It required the involvement of a large number of specialists, some of whom had to be retrained, and sometimes retrained. The shortage of workers, by the way, is the main problem of the country’s growing defense sector. Mobilization, which removed 300 thousand healthy and strong men of working age from the labor market, and the general growth of industrial production throughout the country also had an impact.
Allegedly, new artillery shells for the Russian Army
The defense order was completed by 98,8 percent last year, Deputy Minister of Defense Alexey Krivoruchko commented on the results. The factories repaired and built more than a hundred airplanes, one and a half hundred helicopters, several thousand drones, about 400 thousand aviation weapons of various classes and more than 7,7 thousand missiles for naval fleet. Ten air defense systems at the regimental and divisional level were put on combat duty.
Some aircraft are being put into continuous production. We are talking about the Il-76MD-90A, the future main workhorse of transport aviation in the Northern Military District. Work on equipping the production areas should be completed in February.
There have been several significant developments in the land defense industry over the past year. Finally, the Coalition-SV howitzer was prepared for serial production - by the end of January it became known that the first batch of self-propelled guns would soon be sent to the troops. It is very difficult to overestimate the appearance of the machine at the front. “Coalition-SV” will create real parity in range with the best NATO models, and will also significantly simplify counter-battery combat with the enemy. According to the General Director of Uraltransmash JSC Oleg Emelyanov, the production rate of traditional self-propelled guns of the Msta-S series has increased sixfold. In Kaluga they managed to resume production of gas turbine tank engines for the T-80 series. Moreover, they not only revived it, but they intend to increase the power of the power plant, which should make the T-80BVM the most power-armed tank of the Russian Army. And this is only a small fraction of the intensive work that is currently being carried out in the specialized design bureaus of the Russian military-industrial complex.
The domestic defense sector is experiencing a significant increase in funding and interest from the government. This gives both a quick effect, expressed in increasing supplies to the front, and a long-term effect - the education of the technical elite, the formation of new centers of competence and production sites. Investments in defense have always been an important part of the Russian economy, which, unfortunately, we remembered only recently.
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