Su-57 – fifth generation disco dancer?
Things are unfolding very interestingly with our eastern partner. In general, India is interesting. There is no carnival like the Brazilian one, but life itself is such that it easily blows your mind. And all against the backdrop of bright colors and beautiful fiery songs.
I'll start from a little distance. But not with stories, normally.
Last November, the Indian Prime Minister flew a Tejas fighter jet. More precisely, to be objective, the prime minister was given a ride on a fighter jet. Yes, photos, videos, Modi posted something sublimely patriotic on social networks...
Well, at the same time they placed an order for 86 aircraft, which greatly shook up the Indian patriotic community, which news “I came in.”
In fact, “Tejas”, as they say, were tortured. The aircraft began to be developed in 1984, in 2001 it made its first flight, and only in 2020 the Indian Air Force received the first production copy.
Considering that the Indians never brought to fruition the “native” domestic GTRE GTX-35VS “Kaveri” engine with a power of 8500-8800 kgf, the fighter will initially shine (“Tejas” - “shining” from Sanskrit) with the American General Electric F404- GE-F2J3 with a power of 8200 kgf.
It is not known exactly what engine Narendra Modi was driven on, but overall the result was so-so. If you really look at the state of affairs, then “Tejas” became outdated 10-15 years ago.
Of course, we can say that we have been fiddling with the Su-57 for a long time, well, we have something to fly on, and it was not bought, say, in India or China.
And now, by the way, it’s time to talk about Russian
Surely everyone reading will agree that if it were not for the Russian Su-30MKI, on which Indian engineers and technicians worked hard, localizing the production of the aircraft to the level of 80%, then there would be no trace of “Tejas”. Not long ago, we already discussed some arrogant attacks by individual Indian personalities, who for some reason imagined that the Su-30MKI ceases to be a Russian aircraft, since almost everything for it is produced in India.
Almost all. Except engines. And, if the Chinese were at least able to deal with the deterioration, but to tear apart the Russian aviation engines, then the Indians have no chance of it yet. It’s difficult to say how they are going to make the Su-30 100% Indian and how they are going to make it 31% Indian. But they certainly won’t teach an airplane to flap its wings, just as copying the AL-41 and AL-XNUMX is not something that Indian engineers can undertake with guaranteed success.
If you remember, in 2007 a joint Russian-Indian FGFA program was launched to create a fifth-generation fighter. On the terms, I note, of equal financial and partial technological partnership.
That is, both parties invest money in equal parts, but the technologies of Sukhoi OJSC are shared with HAL, let’s say, as needed.
In general, it would be nice: India and Russia invest money, ours build the aircraft, begin production and gradually transfer to India the ability to load their aircraft manufacturing enterprises. Well, that is, everything is as it was with the Su-30MKI. Let's just say it's a proven process.
But India, like a beauty from Bollywood, sang and sang, danced and danced and... did not pay any money. More precisely, she paid, but... 295 million dollars were knocked out of partners in 2011-2012, and from 2013 to 2016 there were attempts to extract another 5 billion for development, of which India agreed to pay 3,7 billion over 6-7 years on the terms that the money will be used mainly to implement the requirements of the Indian Air Force.
And the requirements, I must say, were, God forbid!
The Indian side requested about fifty modifications, some of which were very difficult: for example, replacing the AL-41F1 engines with something more powerful, equipping the aircraft with the N036 Belka radar with AFAR, changing the maintenance regulations, additional capabilities of the airborne defense complex, etc. Further. Almost 50 requirements. And without money, because the entire project for India cost 6,5 billion dollars.
It cannot be said that Sukhoi was indifferent to Indian demands. After all, he who pays calls the tune, right? The Sukhoi company agreed to accommodate the Indian manufacturer HAL and even increase HAL's share of participation in the project, which was reduced from 50% to 13% on the initiative of the cash-strapped Indian side.
That is, under the control of the Sukhoi company, the HAL concern could develop aircraft landing gear, navigation equipment, a container laser designator, windshield indicators, software, and so on. That is, employ your specialists and save your money on it!
But it all came down to money. I really wanted to save money without it affecting the results.
The Sukhoi company, in turn, committed to supply the Indian Air Force with three single-seat (in general, the Indians were more interested in two-seat aircraft) FGFA prototypes by 2020 for testing. That is, work, think, coordinate, load your factories. They say that some work in this direction has begun at the HAL plant in Nasik.
According to its plans, the Indian Air Force wanted to acquire 200 to 250 FGFA aircraft. So much so that deliveries begin somewhere in 2017-2018. That is, when the program to update the Indian Air Force fleet began.
However, at first the program was significantly reduced to 127 single-seat aircraft, and then canceled altogether.
Meanwhile, the MiG-27 and MiG-21 were withdrawn from service.
The then Indian Defense Minister Nirmala Sitharaman stated:
Further, the Indian media picked up phrases from the Indian Air Force report, which said:
It turns out that “Tejas” is closer, so what?
So, the entire FGFA program turned out to be unimaginably expensive for India, the aircraft was recognized as completely unsuitable in many respects and did not meet the requirements of the fifth generation, the Indian Air Force was not interested in the aircraft at all, and...
And you can criticize Russia for a long time because they give birth to one Su-57 per year, but they give birth! Yes, the output was absolutely small, I would say negligible. But he is.
India received its own “Tejas”, which not only does not pretend to be the fifth generation, it does not pretend to be anything at all! This is an airplane whose place is in the class of light fighters, along with the Mitsubishi F-2 and SAAB JAS.39 Gripen. With good speed and range, but no combat load of 4 tons.
Su-57 turned out to be bad for India
There are no two radars providing 180-degree visibility, and even with AFAR, as the Indians wanted for their aircraft. So the “Tejas” does not even have a radar with PFAR; it has a completely ordinary radar installed. And so on down the list.
In general, the dancing around “Tejas” looked very so-so.
As a result, apparently, having danced for a while, the Indian Air Force began to think something like this: what, you know, next? The MiG-21 was removed, the MiG-27 was removed, the Rafale is a completely different matter; it will definitely not be assembled in India. “Tejas” - well, yes, the plane comes from the 90s of the last century - it’s great, but Pakistani F-16s will eat “Tejas” for breakfast without butter.
And the future prospects are very so-so: there will be no Rafales, the French refused localization, all maintenance and modernization is at the discretion of that side, which means that the Indian Air Force has only the Su-30MKI for the modernization perspective. The Indian military has already abandoned certain modernizations.
Yes, it’s stupid to rely on Tejas in the defense of the country’s air borders, especially considering what kind of air force Pakistan has, with which it still has to butt heads. And with China, which supports Pakistan and which has territorial claims against India, not everything is just up in the air either.
But questions still require answers... And the Air Force – aircraft. And now the Su-30SM2 is being ordered again in the export version. And the processors are burning out in their heads about how to get out of this situation cheaper.
The first bell rang last year, during the international exhibition “AERO INDIA 2023”. Somehow, some phrases on the topic of India’s return to the FGFA program were heard on the sidelines. Argued, by the way, with reference to the penultimate Minister of Defense Nirmala Sitharaman. And she clearly said that “...we can join them again at a later stage.” Apparently, according to current Defense Minister Rajnath Singh, the time has come.
Is it time to come get everything ready? Well, this is the custom of our Indian partners, and not only in the field of weapons. Apparently, it’s not in vain that ours recently patented the two-seat configuration of the Su-57. So, just in case, because chance very often happens in all sorts of ways.
And so it turns out that while Narendra Modi is flying the Tejas, his subordinates are quietly giving interviews in which the topic of the Su-57 sounds more and more insistently. And the theme is that “India did not refuse, India just suspended its participation in the project”.
Yes, the Su-57 is not the F-22 or F-35. The number of manufactured vehicles is more than modest, but the aircraft passed tests in combat conditions. First in Syria, then in the Northern Military District. And here it is worth noting that the Su-57 will have better success in comparison with the F-22. One can argue for a long time about how many planes the Su-57 actually shot down, four or one (in fact, at least two: the Su-25 in August 2022 and the MiG-29 in September 2023), but the fact is: over 20 years of service 195 F-22 aircraft shot down... one balloon! There were missile and bomb strikes somewhere on the enemy in Syria, but the air “battle” with the Chinese balloon was the first use of the Raptor against an air target.
Not a lot.
But the F-35, which produced more than 1 units, is no better: zero. More than five hundred American F-000s have not destroyed anything in 35 years. For the sake of honor, we can note the destruction of two Iranian drones, which occurred on March 15, 2021. This was done by the F-35I of the Israeli Air Force.
In general, the Indian military has something to think about. And, apparently, at their instigation, the Indian media began to “turn” towards the Russian plane. The famous Indian channel “Military Factory” suddenly burst out with a big publication about the FGFA program, giving a detailed overview of the potential capabilities of the aircraft.
Further, retired Marshal of the Indian Air Force and test pilot Anil Chopra, who, by the way, very vehemently opposed the Russian aircraft, suddenly said in an interview with the Indian Defense News portal that it seems that with the Su-57 he was mistaken, believing the Americans that sanctions will ruin this project.
Here, of course, a lot becomes clear. It is clear that it was the United States that was behind India’s withdrawal from the program with Russia; who would doubt it? And the scheme is clear: the Indians were simply intimidated by the fact that under sanctions the production of the Su-57 would cease and they would be left with nothing. A normal scheme, we take out chips for cruise missiles from microwave ovens... It worked.
But in general, the scheme only worked halfway: India withdrew from the project, but the Su-57 slowly, creakingly, but continues to be produced.
Something has changed in the Indian brain.
"We can do it ourselves"
In general, India has been trying to create its own modern fighter for a long time. “We can do it ourselves” is the motto of modern India. However, it is one thing to assemble a tank or even an airplane from a ready-made vehicle kit; it is another thing to develop it from scratch.
Alas, India does not have the knowledge, technology, or financial or other capabilities to create a modern military aircraft. Indian scientists and military personnel can only dream of independently implementing such projects; at best, it will turn out to be “Tejas”.
So the sudden return of the Su-57, especially its two-seat configuration, to the agenda is completely justified. Now Indian dances and songs will continue for some time, which will fool everyone in the world, after which they will give up in Washington. Moreover, today there is no time for Indian dances around airplanes, especially since everyone has been fed up with this topic since the time of the tender.
All that remains is to be patient and wait until Indian heads, and most importantly, Indian wallets, finally mature. Paying for a finished product, and the Su-57 is truly a finished product, will obviously cost more.
And it is quite possible that we will see the Su-57 in the skies of India.
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