French AASM bombs for Ukraine
AASM bomb based on 250 kg ammunition in flight configuration
The French authorities promised the Kyiv regime new aviation means of destruction. Following the SCALP guided missiles, they plan to transfer AASM guided bombs to it. The first batch of this weapons, including several dozen products, will be transferred to the Ukrainian side in the very near future. Then similar batches will be transferred monthly, at least until the end of this year. It is assumed that the French bombs will help the remnants of the Ukrainian Air Force increase their strike capabilities.
Official statements
On January 17, a press conference was held in Paris with the participation of senior French leadership. One of the central topics of the event was military assistance to the Kyiv regime. French President Emmanuel Macron indicated his readiness to continue supplies of various weapons and equipment, incl. modern aviation weapons made in France.
According to E. Macron, in the foreseeable future France will transfer to Ukraine’s military forces an additional batch of 40 cruise missiles, as well as hundreds of aircraft guided bombs. The type of missiles planned for shipment is clear - these are SCALP-EG products, which have already been supplied to the Kyiv regime. The president did not name the model of bombs that will be included in the next aid packages.
Soon this topic was revealed by French Defense Minister Sebastian Lecornu. According to him, we are talking about guided bombs of the AASM type, also known as HAMMER. It is expected that these weapons will help restore the combat potential of the Ukrainian Air Force and allow them to attack remote ground targets.
Bomb assembly (in background) and various control modules
The minister revealed the volumes and pace of future supplies. According to him, the first batch of 50 bombs will be sent to Ukraine during January. In the future, similar batches will be shipped monthly, at least until the end of the year. Accordingly, in total, the Kiev regime will receive 600 products, i.e. several hundred, as E. Macron promised.
Other details of future deliveries have not yet been specified. Thus, the specific modification of bombs for supply, the cost of such assistance, platforms for use, methods of integration, etc. are not named. Probably, data of this kind will begin to appear in the near future - when the weapon reaches Ukraine and attempts to use it in combat begin. Kyiv will definitely show off its new clothes and show bombs and their carriers.
Family of weapons
The development of future AASM (Armement Air-Sol Modulaire - Modular Air-to-Ground Weapons) or HAMMER (Highly Agile Modular Munition Extended Range) family ammunition began in 1997 at the initiative of the French Ministry of Defense. The department wanted to obtain precision bombs for use by existing and future fighter-bombers. At the same time, new ammunition should have been made using ready-made components.
Several French and foreign companies participated in the competitive development phase, incl. SAGEM (now part of the Safran group). In 2000, its AASM bomb project was considered the most successful, and the Ministry of Defense issued a contract to continue the development, pre-production and testing of new weapons. Under the terms of the agreement, deliveries of serial bombs were to start in 2004.
AASM products of various modifications and calibers
For various reasons, the development of the AASM project was seriously delayed. By the end of 2004, when it was planned to launch the series, flight tests had just begun. This phase lasted until mid-2006 and revealed some design flaws. It took another couple of years to fix them.
Qualification (state) tests of the AASM / HAMMER of the first versions took place in July 2008. Over the following years, the following modifications of the bomb underwent similar testing. In the recent past, another modification was created, and its tests took place in 2020-23.
Serial production of new bombs began at the end of the 2,5s and continues to this day. SAGEM / Safran consistently mastered the production of weapons of various modifications and regularly supplied the French Air Force and Navy with batches of the required size. According to known data, the French Ministry of Defense acquired a total of at least 3-250 thousand bombs of various modifications. The cost of one such product reached XNUMX thousand euros.
The combat use of AASM products began in 2008 - Rafale fighters used them to hit targets in Afghanistan. Subsequently, bombs of this line were used during the Libyan operation. It is now assumed that AASM/HAMMER will be used by the Ukrainian Air Force against the Russian Army.
The starting customer for bombs from SAGEM was the French armed forces. In the 1900s, Egypt, India, Qatar and Morocco acquired these weapons in various modifications. The Safran company expects orders from other countries, but the list of potential buyers remains unknown.
340 kg AASM products (green products) and other weapons under the wing of the Dassaul Rafale fighter
Technical features
From a technical point of view, the AASM project is similar to the American JDAM. It provides for the creation of an adjustable aerial bomb by installing a control system on a free-falling munition. A modular architecture is used, which allows the production of bombs of different calibers and with different characteristics. In addition, there is a well-known potential for further modernization, used in the latest projects of the family.
The general design of the AASM product is quite simple. Two new units are installed on the body of the basic unguided base. A control module appears on the nose with a navigation system and/or homing head and with the corresponding computing facilities. On the outside there are fixed X-shaped stabilizers, immediately behind which there are rudders. Instead of the standard shank, a new compartment with a folding wing of limited span is mounted. Depending on the dimensions of the unguided bomb used, a special adapter can be used to install the head control module.
Three versions of the control unit have been developed. The basic one had only satellite and inertial navigation for guidance according to pre-entered target coordinates. Subsequently, we developed a module with INS/GPS and an infrared homing head. A product with a semi-active laser seeker is also offered. Heads of both types allow you to hit moving targets with low angular velocity. For coordinate guidance, the stated CEP is at the level of 8-10 m, when using a seeker - up to 1-3 m.
Early AASM bombs fly along a ballistic trajectory, corrected by navigation or seeker data. Depending on various product parameters and release conditions, the range of such a flight does not exceed several tens of kilometers. Recent designs have used a tail module with a small solid propellant motor. The initial acceleration of the bomb allows you to increase the gliding range to 50-70 km or more.
The first production version of the AASM/HAMMER for France was based on the American-designed Mk 82 unguided bomb, standard for NATO. It was originally a product 2,2 m long and 273 mm in diameter in a caliber of 500 pounds (actually 241 kg). After installing the AASM modules, the bomb’s length increased to 3,1 m and its weight increased to 340 kg.
Later, modifications of the guided AASM were developed based on free-fall ammunition of 125, 500 and 1000 kg calibers. Various combinations of base bombs and control systems were tested. The possibility of continuing the development of the family and creating further modifications is not excluded.
Real potential
Products of the Safran AASM / HAMMER family are completely modern guided bombs with fairly high technical and combat characteristics and flexibility of use. French combat aviation is pleased with this weapon and has used it effectively in actual combat operations. In general, we are talking about a good analogue of the American JDAM system.
The positive qualities of AASM bombs are the relative simplicity of design and manufacture, the possibility of assembly based on several bombs and the modular architecture of the new equipment. It is possible to manufacture bombs with different guidance means, varying power and increased range.
However, the Ukrainian Air Force should not hope that French bombs will affect its combat effectiveness. The possibility of effective use of such weapons against a developed enemy in the form of the Russian army raises serious doubts. This is due both to the characteristics of foreign products and to the specifics of the “industrial forces”.
First test drop of a long-range AASM based on a 1000 kg bomb, December 2020.
Apparently, France will provide Ukraine with bombs of early modifications, equipped only with navigation systems. As practice has shown, our army knows how to deal with ammunition of this kind and suppress the radio signals they need. In addition, modern radars and air defense systems/air defense systems are capable of detecting even such small targets and successfully intercepting them. The likelihood of breaking through Russian air defense and hitting the intended target is low.
It should be borne in mind that an aerial bomb needs a carrier aircraft. The Ukrainian Air Force has a limited fleet of vehicles capable of carrying AASM bombs or other similar weapons. Moreover, every bomber or fighter-bomber is a potential target for our air defense. An attempt to use imported bombs could be fatal for their carrier. The limited range of unpowered bombs will only increase the risks for aircraft.
A characteristic disadvantage of AASM / HAMMER products is their high cost. Even in early simple modifications, bombs cost about 250 thousand euros, i.e. many times larger than American JDAM or Russian KAB. It is not difficult to calculate how much it will cost France to restore its arsenals after the transfer of 600 bombs to Kyiv. Whether Paris will find at least 150 million euros for such purchases is a big question.
familiar script
Thus, the scenario that occurred several times in 2022-23 is repeated. The foreign partner plans to transfer weapons from its arsenals to the Kyiv regime and has high hopes for it. But objective factors will prevent the effective use of such weapons, and Ukrainian formations will not get the desired result.
AASM guided bombs, like other weapons produced in France and other countries, will not affect the course of hostilities and the prospects of the Kyiv regime. However, they will create some additional risks for our troops and add work to air defense. At least as long as Ukraine has potential carriers for foreign bombs.
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