In 2015, Russia will launch a Luna-Glob-1 research probe.
"Luna-Glob-1" is an orbital probe, which is one of the projects of the modern Russian space program. This project is implemented NPO them. Lavochkin. The Luna-Glob and Luna Resource projects are aimed at exploring the near-polar regions of the only satellite of our planet. The value of these areas has been confirmed by recent scientific studies, according to which at the poles of the moon there are areas with relatively high water content in the regolith (a few percent by weight) and which have fairly good conditions for radio communication with the Earth and solar illumination.
The goal of the Luna-Glob project is to launch a fully automatic probe, equipped with an orbital module, which should conduct remote research and select suitable sites for descent vehicles. At the same time, the landing module will have to conduct studies of the lunar surface in the region of its north pole, including through cryogenic drilling to a depth of 2 meters. The launch of the Luna-Glob-1 machine is scheduled for 2015 year.
History and objectives of the project "Luna-Glob"
In the study of the moon, the USSR can boast significant success. On account of the already non-existent state 3 successful missions to collect the lunar soil, 2 lunar rover, the first photographing the reverse side of the moon, as well as several orbital probes and descent vehicles. These results are unique and have not been achieved by the United States, which relied on manned flights in the study of our natural satellite. The more complex automated projects during the space race of the two superpowers were the skate of the USSR.
In vain, many people think that sending a person to the moon is much more difficult. On the contrary, the development of an automatic system that could be sent to the moon, forced to land, conduct the necessary research and then return to Earth independently with samples is a rather complicated task. Even more complicated than creating a lunar module that would protect an astronaut from cosmic conditions.
Currently, the successor of the USSR - Russia also relies on automated programs for exploring the moon. The only problem is that the last mission to our natural satellite was sent over 35 years ago. Despite this, even based on fairly old developments, you can develop new spacecraft that can continue the work of their predecessors - first of all they will be engaged in the study of lunar polar caps and the delivery of samples of volatile compounds and soil from there.
This task is one of the most difficult in the study of the moon. The device for collecting lunar soil cannot contain any terrestrial impurities, and the capsule that delivers the samples to the Earth must survive entry into the atmosphere and landing without depressurization. Quite ambitious plans for a country that, during the last years of 20, has launched only a few scientific devices and not a single space object for the study of deep space (which would not have traveled the vast expanses of the Pacific Ocean).
However, it is worth noting that such a goal not only does not strike the imagination today, but is also a fairly good choice from the point of view of the question of the study of our solar system. At present, the United States has closed its main programs for exploring the moon, although it is ready to return here in the near future. Currently, the states have focused their main interest on the study of Mars, while it is worth noting that the possible division of responsibilities between countries will be able to turn into a benefit for the global scientific community.
The closest Russian apparatus intended for the study of the Moon in the framework of the Russian lunar program should be the automatic probe Luna-Glob-1. This unit will be the first in the program "Luna-Glob", the work on which began in 1997 year. The launch of the first spacecraft is scheduled for 2015 of the year, at one time it was postponed due to the unsuccessful launch of the interplanetary space station Phobos-Grunt. Launch transfer is used for debugging and additional verification of the device. The first flight of the simplified probe "Luna-Glob-1" is largely intended for testing the landing platform, in 2016, the orbital probe "Luna-Glob-2" should go to the Moon, and already in 2017 - the heavy landing module "Luna-Resource" , which will carry an expanded set of various scientific equipment (Luna-Resource mass, 3 tons, versus 1,2 tons of the Luna-Glob-1 device).
Russian scientists have already identified the locations of a possible landing of Russian lunar probes - all of them are 6, according to 3, at the North and South Pole of the Moon. Today it should be understood that the Moon, on which the Americans landed, and the Moon now is a 2 different object. Previously, everyone thought that there was no water on the moon. It turned out that there is - in the form of ice, according to estimates, quite a lot. By decomposing ice into oxygen and hydrogen, it is possible to produce fuel for rocket engines, and these are completely new possibilities. Today, the moon can be used as an international space station. Here you can place optical surveillance systems, radars, scientific equipment, start research that is impossible on board the ISS. Telescopes located here will see better than the earth. The moon can become a unique testing ground on which humanity will work out new technologies, including for further flights to Mars.
The number of scientific equipment at the "Luna-Glob-1" reduced by almost half
After the loss of the 2011 automatic Phobos-Grunt interplanetary station in November, the plan of the Russian lunar programs was revised due to the need to improve the reliability of lunar vehicles, which were designed on the basis of Phobos' developments. In particular, the Council on Space NPO them. Lavochkin and the Russian Academy of Sciences have proposed changing the order of launching lunar probes, revising the composition of their equipment and moving their launch dates by about 1 a year.
Russian scientists who are working on the creation of scientific equipment for the domestic probe "Luna-Glob-1" had to reduce the number of scientific instruments placed on the device almost 2 times. About this told journalists Lev Green director of the Institute for Space Research (IKI). The Russian space industry was forced to revise plans for its lunar program after losing the interplanetary station Phobos-Grunt. In order to increase the reliability of the new Luna-Glob-1 lunar probe, its creators had to seriously “squeeze”, the complex of scientific equipment was reduced from 34 to 20 kg. “Few of us left this process happy, but this is better than breaking the apparatus,” said the scientist. In particular, the “simplification” of the set of equipment on board the Luna-Glob-1 was followed by the refusal to place the rig on it.
According to Lev Green, the landing of 2's Russian vehicles on the Moon is scheduled for 2015 and 2017 years. In both cases we are talking about landing on the poles of the Earth satellite. Making such a landing is a difficult mission, primarily in ballistics. No one has ever landed at the poles of the moon: neither we nor the Americans, this is quite a difficult task, Green noted.
It is assumed that the probe "Luna-Glob" will be equipped with the following devices:
sensor for measuring surface temperature;
- neutron detector, designed to study the presence of hydrogen in the subsurface layers;
- a device intended for the analysis of soil samples (including a manipulator);
- a device for studying dust particles;
-an instrument for studying the lunar exosphere.
Launch site - Vostochny cosmodrome
The launch of the Luna-Glob-2015 spacecraft, scheduled for 1, is to take place from the new Russian Vostochny cosmodrome, located in the Amur Region. About this on Tuesday, January 15, said the head of Roscosmos Vladimir Popovkin. It is assumed that the launch of the Luna-Glob-1 probe will be the first launch from a new cosmodrome, the construction of which is in full swing. According to available information, the Luna-Glob-1 probe will be launched into orbit using the Soyuz-2 launch vehicle. The launch pad for these missiles should soon appear on the new cosmodrome. Gennady Raikunov, general director of the Central Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering, spoke about the progress of its construction in December 2012. According to him, before 2015, the 2 launch platforms for the Soyuz-2 light and middle class missiles will be built at the Vostochny cosmodrome. At present, the launch pad foundation has already been poured at the cosmodrome, and gas exhaust ducts have been formed.
According to Igor Mitrofanov, head of the Space Gamma Radiation Spectrometry Laboratory of the Space Research Institute (IKI), working on the Luna-Glob mission, that the launch will take place in 2015 year, news no no. The program with the launch of scientific spacecraft to the Moon was revised back in April 2012.
According to Igor Mitrofanov, the scientists will only be glad of the fact that the launch will be performed from the new Vostochny cosmodrome. We will try to make the device ready, the scientific team and the rocket were ready for this time, he noted. At the same time, the scientist said that the launch of the device is also possible from the Plesetsk and Baikonur space centers. With regard to a more specific launch date, he noted that it simply does not exist yet. In the case of launching spacecraft to the Moon, there are no “windows”, as, for example, would be during an expedition to Mars. Therefore, scientists will look at the situation, mainly in the degree of readiness of the apparatus and scientific equipment.
Information sources:
-http: //www.gazeta.ru/science/2013/01/15_a_4924269.shtml
-http: //www.cosmos-journal.ru/articles/1403
-http: //news.ru.msn.com/article.aspx? cp-documentid = 252304737
-https: //ru.wikipedia.org
The goal of the Luna-Glob project is to launch a fully automatic probe, equipped with an orbital module, which should conduct remote research and select suitable sites for descent vehicles. At the same time, the landing module will have to conduct studies of the lunar surface in the region of its north pole, including through cryogenic drilling to a depth of 2 meters. The launch of the Luna-Glob-1 machine is scheduled for 2015 year.
History and objectives of the project "Luna-Glob"
In the study of the moon, the USSR can boast significant success. On account of the already non-existent state 3 successful missions to collect the lunar soil, 2 lunar rover, the first photographing the reverse side of the moon, as well as several orbital probes and descent vehicles. These results are unique and have not been achieved by the United States, which relied on manned flights in the study of our natural satellite. The more complex automated projects during the space race of the two superpowers were the skate of the USSR.
In vain, many people think that sending a person to the moon is much more difficult. On the contrary, the development of an automatic system that could be sent to the moon, forced to land, conduct the necessary research and then return to Earth independently with samples is a rather complicated task. Even more complicated than creating a lunar module that would protect an astronaut from cosmic conditions.
Currently, the successor of the USSR - Russia also relies on automated programs for exploring the moon. The only problem is that the last mission to our natural satellite was sent over 35 years ago. Despite this, even based on fairly old developments, you can develop new spacecraft that can continue the work of their predecessors - first of all they will be engaged in the study of lunar polar caps and the delivery of samples of volatile compounds and soil from there.
This task is one of the most difficult in the study of the moon. The device for collecting lunar soil cannot contain any terrestrial impurities, and the capsule that delivers the samples to the Earth must survive entry into the atmosphere and landing without depressurization. Quite ambitious plans for a country that, during the last years of 20, has launched only a few scientific devices and not a single space object for the study of deep space (which would not have traveled the vast expanses of the Pacific Ocean).
However, it is worth noting that such a goal not only does not strike the imagination today, but is also a fairly good choice from the point of view of the question of the study of our solar system. At present, the United States has closed its main programs for exploring the moon, although it is ready to return here in the near future. Currently, the states have focused their main interest on the study of Mars, while it is worth noting that the possible division of responsibilities between countries will be able to turn into a benefit for the global scientific community.
Device "Luna-Glob-1"
The closest Russian apparatus intended for the study of the Moon in the framework of the Russian lunar program should be the automatic probe Luna-Glob-1. This unit will be the first in the program "Luna-Glob", the work on which began in 1997 year. The launch of the first spacecraft is scheduled for 2015 of the year, at one time it was postponed due to the unsuccessful launch of the interplanetary space station Phobos-Grunt. Launch transfer is used for debugging and additional verification of the device. The first flight of the simplified probe "Luna-Glob-1" is largely intended for testing the landing platform, in 2016, the orbital probe "Luna-Glob-2" should go to the Moon, and already in 2017 - the heavy landing module "Luna-Resource" , which will carry an expanded set of various scientific equipment (Luna-Resource mass, 3 tons, versus 1,2 tons of the Luna-Glob-1 device).
Russian scientists have already identified the locations of a possible landing of Russian lunar probes - all of them are 6, according to 3, at the North and South Pole of the Moon. Today it should be understood that the Moon, on which the Americans landed, and the Moon now is a 2 different object. Previously, everyone thought that there was no water on the moon. It turned out that there is - in the form of ice, according to estimates, quite a lot. By decomposing ice into oxygen and hydrogen, it is possible to produce fuel for rocket engines, and these are completely new possibilities. Today, the moon can be used as an international space station. Here you can place optical surveillance systems, radars, scientific equipment, start research that is impossible on board the ISS. Telescopes located here will see better than the earth. The moon can become a unique testing ground on which humanity will work out new technologies, including for further flights to Mars.
The number of scientific equipment at the "Luna-Glob-1" reduced by almost half
After the loss of the 2011 automatic Phobos-Grunt interplanetary station in November, the plan of the Russian lunar programs was revised due to the need to improve the reliability of lunar vehicles, which were designed on the basis of Phobos' developments. In particular, the Council on Space NPO them. Lavochkin and the Russian Academy of Sciences have proposed changing the order of launching lunar probes, revising the composition of their equipment and moving their launch dates by about 1 a year.
Apparatus "Luna Resource"
Russian scientists who are working on the creation of scientific equipment for the domestic probe "Luna-Glob-1" had to reduce the number of scientific instruments placed on the device almost 2 times. About this told journalists Lev Green director of the Institute for Space Research (IKI). The Russian space industry was forced to revise plans for its lunar program after losing the interplanetary station Phobos-Grunt. In order to increase the reliability of the new Luna-Glob-1 lunar probe, its creators had to seriously “squeeze”, the complex of scientific equipment was reduced from 34 to 20 kg. “Few of us left this process happy, but this is better than breaking the apparatus,” said the scientist. In particular, the “simplification” of the set of equipment on board the Luna-Glob-1 was followed by the refusal to place the rig on it.
According to Lev Green, the landing of 2's Russian vehicles on the Moon is scheduled for 2015 and 2017 years. In both cases we are talking about landing on the poles of the Earth satellite. Making such a landing is a difficult mission, primarily in ballistics. No one has ever landed at the poles of the moon: neither we nor the Americans, this is quite a difficult task, Green noted.
It is assumed that the probe "Luna-Glob" will be equipped with the following devices:
sensor for measuring surface temperature;
- neutron detector, designed to study the presence of hydrogen in the subsurface layers;
- a device intended for the analysis of soil samples (including a manipulator);
- a device for studying dust particles;
-an instrument for studying the lunar exosphere.
Launch site - Vostochny cosmodrome
The launch of the Luna-Glob-2015 spacecraft, scheduled for 1, is to take place from the new Russian Vostochny cosmodrome, located in the Amur Region. About this on Tuesday, January 15, said the head of Roscosmos Vladimir Popovkin. It is assumed that the launch of the Luna-Glob-1 probe will be the first launch from a new cosmodrome, the construction of which is in full swing. According to available information, the Luna-Glob-1 probe will be launched into orbit using the Soyuz-2 launch vehicle. The launch pad for these missiles should soon appear on the new cosmodrome. Gennady Raikunov, general director of the Central Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering, spoke about the progress of its construction in December 2012. According to him, before 2015, the 2 launch platforms for the Soyuz-2 light and middle class missiles will be built at the Vostochny cosmodrome. At present, the launch pad foundation has already been poured at the cosmodrome, and gas exhaust ducts have been formed.
According to Igor Mitrofanov, head of the Space Gamma Radiation Spectrometry Laboratory of the Space Research Institute (IKI), working on the Luna-Glob mission, that the launch will take place in 2015 year, news no no. The program with the launch of scientific spacecraft to the Moon was revised back in April 2012.
According to Igor Mitrofanov, the scientists will only be glad of the fact that the launch will be performed from the new Vostochny cosmodrome. We will try to make the device ready, the scientific team and the rocket were ready for this time, he noted. At the same time, the scientist said that the launch of the device is also possible from the Plesetsk and Baikonur space centers. With regard to a more specific launch date, he noted that it simply does not exist yet. In the case of launching spacecraft to the Moon, there are no “windows”, as, for example, would be during an expedition to Mars. Therefore, scientists will look at the situation, mainly in the degree of readiness of the apparatus and scientific equipment.
Information sources:
-http: //www.gazeta.ru/science/2013/01/15_a_4924269.shtml
-http: //www.cosmos-journal.ru/articles/1403
-http: //news.ru.msn.com/article.aspx? cp-documentid = 252304737
-https: //ru.wikipedia.org
Information