Military technology: 2012 results of the year
Universal Weapon Module
In October of this year, tests of a universal weapon module called BattleGuard were conducted at one of the American test sites. The author of the development is the company Raytheon. This is a universal turret that is controlled remotely and is equipped with a thermal imager and an electronic optical system. The main feature of the installation is that it can simultaneously install two units of weapons that are completely different between each other, for example, an anti-tank missile system or an automatic grenade launcher and a machine gun of 5,56 caliber of millimeters. This makes it possible to choose the necessary weapons for each specific mission. The software of the module makes it possible to direct two samples of weapons at two targets simultaneously, and they can be at an angle of 180 degrees relative to each other. In addition, the turret provides 360-degree viewing in all weather conditions and at any time of the day thanks to the third-generation FLIR thermal imager. Moreover, it provides for some additional features, in particular, the capture and management of multiple targets, laser targeting in the infrared and visible bands.
The BattleGuard system allows you to increase the effectiveness of hitting a target over long distances with the first shots. Moreover, this system can be installed on almost all types of military equipment, from heavy tanks to light tactical wheeled vehicles.
PowerWalk Exoskeleton
Recently, exoskeleton designs are increasingly being offered for military use. Thanks to them, you can increase the stamina and strength of the soldiers due to the energy stored in the batteries. In addition, the use of exoskeletons allows you to generate electrical energy. Thus, soldiers who have night vision goggles, lighting devices, portable communications equipment and computers in their outfit will be able to do without additional heavyweight rechargeable batteries that are designed to generate energy.
The PowerWalk exoskeleton weighs only about 800 grams, and is able to generate 12 wat energy when walking, and this amount is enough to charge four mobile phones. At the same time, the intellectual system with which the exoskeleton is equipped controls the load, which increases or decreases the amount of generated energy depending on the conditions.
The development of the exoskeleton involved the Canadian company Bionic Power, which for many years fulfilled three contracts at once. It is assumed that next year, prototypes of exoskeletons will be handed over to the military, and after conducting field trials they will go into industrial production.
Invisibility cloak
Scientists at Hyperstealth Biotechnology, a Canadian corporation specializing in the development of innovative technologies for military applications, developed Quantum Stealth, a material that can make an object invisible by bending light waves around it. According to the head of the corporation, the details of the development are not open to the public for safety. The only thing that is known is that the material is fairly light and inexpensive, and for its efficient operation no additional batteries, mirrors, or cameras are required. This material is effective against infrared and thermal technology used in the military sphere.
Nanotechnical "second skin"
Soldiers who take part in hostilities are forced to include various means of protection in their equipment. But when it comes to the use of biological or chemical weapons, all these body armor, helmets and shields become completely useless, because toxic agents have a great penetrating ability and can affect even after a considerable period of time. Thanks to the development of nanotechnology, scientists from the National Laboratory of Livermore and the University of Massachusetts created unique protective materials, which were called the “second skin”. Scientists themselves use the term "hybrid functional material." It is made of a special type of nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes. This allows you to block harmful substances, but pass air. Carbon tubes form pores, the diameter of which is several nanometers, which makes it possible to prevent the passage of heavy chemical compounds and viruses.
In the case of sufficient funding for the project, industrial production of nanoprotection will become possible in the near future, and in the army they can appear in a maximum of ten years.
PIXNET Supervision System
In modern conditions, soldiers use various sighting devices and instruments, which make it possible to direct weapons well at the target and also to see well in all weather conditions and at night. But very often a large number of instruments are used for this. American DARPA decided to combine all these features in one small device as part of the PIXNET program. This technology is a combination of infrared and visible light sensors installed in one small-sized device designed for mounting on a helmet or aiming frame. In this case, the resulting images can be transferred to other soldiers using a wireless network.
The software used for the technology platform Android.
Self-guided bullets
Probably, many readers remember how two American engineers created a sample of a “smart” laser-guided bullet capable of hitting the target with great precision at a distance of 2 kilometers. This message has attracted much attention, and the latest tests are now complete. The length of the bullet is 10 centimeters. A sensitive optical element, after detecting a laser beam on a target, sends a signal that passes through a microprocessor control system. Thanks to this signal, the bullet flaps change the angle of inclination, thus the flight path is corrected, and greater efficiency of impact is achieved.
Navigation system NAVSOP
NAVSOP is an alternative to the GPS system, which is designed to determine the location of objects. A distinctive feature of the new system is its durability and safety. To use it, there is no need to deploy additional infrastructure and use radio transmitters. The software is self-learning, which makes it possible to quickly update the database and use new radiation sources, which can even serve as GPS signal suppression signals and jamming settings.
This system can be used in cases where GPS can not work: in buildings, in the woods and even underground. In addition, thanks to the use of radio signals from low-flying satellites, NAVSOP can be used even in the most remote corners of the world.
Rail Electromagnetic Tool
At the beginning of 2012, it was reported that testing of a sample of an electromagnetic rail implement designed and manufactured by BAE Systems was started in the USA. However, it soon became clear that this company is far from the only one that is engaged in similar developments. And in October of the same year, tests of another prototype of a similar instrument, created by General Atomics, took place.
Electromagnetic rail guns do not use explosives or flammable substances to disperse the projectile. When a high-power current is applied to the rails, magnetic fields arise that push the projectile sandwiched between the rails and accelerate it to high speed (about 7,5-9 thousands of kilometers per hour). It is assumed that such a weapon will be installed on a warship, since it is perfectly suited for hitting targets located over long distances.
Smart Radar
Countering radar signals is very difficult. For this purpose, as a rule, false targets and noise suppression are used. But scientists from New York University of Rochester have demonstrated a model of a new radar system, which is almost impossible to deceive. It is based on the quantum properties of photons of light, in particular, the fact that any impact on a photon leads to a loss of quantum properties. The idea of using radar is that photons are used to detect the target and to obtain its image, which have a certain polarization. A stream of polarized light illuminates the target, and the photons reflected from it make it possible to obtain an image. In the case of determining the polarization of photons, one can notice not only the fact of possible interference, but also get rid of it using photons with a false polarization.
However, in the course of conducting practical research, it was determined that such a system is safe only in theory, because in practice it is quite possible to crack it.
Alphadog
One of the novelties of the outgoing year was the creation of a four-legged walking Robot LS3, which is known as AlphaDog. It has been upgraded with new features and capabilities. In the fall, he took part in the field test program.
The robot was created as a kind of cargo vehicle, which can completely independently move over rough terrain, while carrying a load of about 180 kilograms. The robot can cover the distance in 30 kilometers during the day. Human participation in this process is not required. The use of this robot will allow soldiers not to be distracted by the process of its control and focus all attention on the performance of the main tasks, since the AlphaDog movement is carried out with the help of voice commands, which consist not only of monosyllabic phrases, but also of more complex sentences.
In addition to recognizing voice commands, the robot can detect and evaluate thickets (because its movement is possible on shrubs whose height does not exceed 150 centimeters). Besides the fact that LS3 can follow a person, he can also independently follow a predetermined route using the GPS system. The robot can move in zero visibility conditions, using only control points set by the navigator for movement. The noise level, which publishes AlphaDog, does not exceed the noise of a vacuum cleaner or a car.
Over the next few years, the LS3 robot will take part in field trials, the results of which will add new features to it, as well as test existing capabilities in various conditions.
Intelligent TrackingPoint rifle
Accurately shooting a weapon is very difficult, especially when it comes to long-range shooting and difficult conditions. With such shooting, it is necessary to take into account a large number of factors: the direction and speed of the wind, its own physical parameters (hand trembling, heartbeat, breathing). TrackingPoint rifle is a combination of modern weapons, automatic descender, computer and targeted high-tech device. Using the sighting device allows you to detect the target. Then the shooter must aim the weapon at the target. When the line of sight coincides with the trajectory calculated by the computer, an automatic descent will occur.
At the moment, the development of three models of this rifle, which will be put into production in the new year.
Space laser
Despite the fact that the militarization of space is prohibited by a large number of international documents, many researchers are engaged in developing weapons that can be used in outer space just in case. Such actions are usually motivated by the fact that sometime the time will come when the validity of these documents will expire, and the use of laser space systems will be considered as a necessary step in the event that a state that is considered as a potential adversary , will begin to deploy similar systems.
According to scientists, a space laser will have the ability to send a destructive beam of high power to enemy targets located at a great distance. In addition, such lasers can be used to provide protection to US satellites in orbit. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology is developing space-based lasers in conjunction with the Sandia National Laboratory, Lockheed Martin and Northrop Grumman.
Flying Bomb BattleHawk
Textron Defense Systems has developed and started production of a small-sized drone, which is remotely controlled and is a flying bomb, ready to fall at any moment and hit the target. It is equipped with a 40 mm explosive projectile, as well as a camera mounted on the nose of the vehicle, which allows you to accurately aim the drone at a given target.
The bomb is in the folded state in the launch of a special pipe, having with it a lot of weight over 2 kilograms. Such a small weight is achieved through the use of plastic for the manufacture of structural elements. In addition to plastic, carbon fiber is also used in the bomb for reinforcement, which makes it invisible to radars. The speed of BattleHawk is 100 kilometers per hour, the battery charge is enough for half an hour of flight. The bomb is designed to defeat military light-armored vehicles and small ground fortifications of the enemy.
Meshworm Meshworm
This year, one of the smallest robots was created - this is the so-called worm-net, the dimensions of which do not exceed the size of a finger. It moves like an ordinary earthworm. Artificial muscles are used for movement, which are imitations of earthworm movements. The advantages of this development is its noiselessness, which allows its use in difficult to reach places. It is also planned that in upgraded versions this robot will be able to record video and audio. It is made of synthetic fibers, so it is almost impossible to destroy it. In addition to the American DARPA, Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Seoul National University are participating in this development.
Light bulletproof armor
The need to create composite nanomaterials, which, having a small thickness, would be able to stop bullets and shell fragments with greater efficiency than the currently existing bullet-proof heavy protective equipment, has long ripened. But if before the funds for such development was not enough, then now it has become possible. As a result, a new composite material has appeared, which consists of thin layers of elastic rubber that alternate with layers of glass. Thus, the resulting material has greater strength and resistance to stress and damage.
Such protection can be used not only in the military sphere, but also to create the shells of space ships, space suits and protective suits necessary for work in especially dangerous places.
Simulator for combat training Rover
In the very near future, the military will have the opportunity to improve their shooting skills with the help of the Rover robot, which was developed specifically for this purpose by Marathon Robotics based on Segway electric scooters. These armored robots are an adapted model of the so-called “smart target”. They can move like a living target, unpredictably unfold and stop. Such robots can be made in the form of mock terrorists or soldiers of a potential enemy. These models are designed to replace the pop-up wooden targets that were used before. To date, the test is engaged in the Marine Corps of the American Army.
Radial microwave gun MEDUSA
This development is intended to direct the explosive sound to the human head. In this case, the distance to the target can be quite significant. The sound penetrates the head not through the ears, but through the bones of the skull, so there is no point in using protective earplugs. Microwaves will be perceived by the inner ear as sound. There are several versions: compact systems for special forces and marines, as well as more voluminous systems for the army. Some versions have been tested in Afghanistan and Iraq.
Some versions of this development are also supposed to be used by the police to control people, in particular, by imitating the sound of bullets instead of using real rubber bullets. The guns were developed by the American company Sierra Nevada Corp.
Rock 'em sock' em robots
The Spanish company PAL Robotics is developing a two-legged robot that will have the ability to recognize people, pick up objects, avoid various obstacles and enter buildings.
The military are planning to use these robots to enter buildings located in hazardous areas for cargo delivery and medical assistance. In addition, it is supposed to use some versions of robots in the civilian sphere. So, in particular, robots are supposed to be used to deliver snacks and drinks at exhibitions, receptions and parties.
Guided supersonic drones
Those versions of unmanned vehicles that exist at the present time, can no longer be called revolutionary. Northrop Grumman and Lockheed Martin are developing new drone that can reach speeds of 6400 kilometers per hour and rise to an altitude of about 30 kilometers. It is known as SR 72 and Aurora. It is assumed that the drone will be commissioned in the 2020 year.
Mukhorobot
Despite the frivolous appearance and small size of this robot, it has great potential. So, for example, it can be used to conduct reconnaissance of areas dangerous to soldiers, including those contaminated with biological and chemical weapons.
In addition, it can be controlled remotely. Moreover, according to the developers, moorbots can be used to detect chemical bombs.
Robot vaudeville
Japan is developing a high-tech robot, which is supposed to be used for military purposes. Externally, the robot will resemble a combat vehicle in which there will be enough space for one person. The weight of the robot is about 4,5 tons, and the height - 4 meters. It also provides for the presence of four legs, at the ends of which will be wheels instead of feet. In addition, some versions will also have water cannons and camouflage. In order to control the operation of the robot, special software has been created that will make it possible to use a regular smartphone as a control panel.
Of course, this is not a complete list of military technologies that have been developed over the past year. Scientific thought works so successfully and intensively that there is no possibility even to name all new technologies. Obviously one thing - all these technologies will be able to change the very concept of war in modern conditions and will make a huge contribution to the development of the military and scientific industry.
Materials used:
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