Large-caliber guns - railway «Canon de 274 mm Modèle 1893 / 96s (France)
History “Canon de 274 mm Modèle 1893 / 96s” installed on the railway transport begins with the cancellation of the French battleship Henri IV during the First World War. The guns from the battleship were dismantled and installed on the railway transport (carriage). Works on the creation of guns on the railway transport company was engaged in "Schneider".
Characteristics of the dismantled tool:
- The total length of the barrel - 41.9 caliber;
- barrel length (threaded part) - 29.85 caliber;
- total weight - 35 400 kilogram.
Engineers of the French company "Schneider" install a gun with a standard machine, a cradle and skimmers on the railway conveyor. The conveyor is made by analogy of the sliding type conveyor.
Conveyor design:
- main steel beam;
- balancers;
- two railway carts in a four-axle version.
The engineers equipped the rear railway trolley with a turning mechanism that provided the protractor to turn left / right by 1 degrees and served to adjust the railway gun horizontally. The tool was guided horizontally by moving the conveyor along curved railway tracks.
The standard machine provided vertical guidance of all 25 degrees, which is 15 degrees less than standard conveyors (sliding type) with a tool of the same caliber. A small angle of vertical guidance led to a decrease in the range of damage. With a standard range of 24.4 kilometer, in the 1893 / 96 М, the maximum range did not exceed 21 kilometer. At the same time, the installation of tools with a standard machine and anti-roll bars, led to a significant reduction in recoil energy. This led to the fact that additional elements and mechanisms were not required, the weight of the entire railway implement was significantly reduced in comparison with similar solutions and amounted to 116 tons. In addition, the preparation of firearms for firing and the production of a shot remained at the level of the ship installation - easier and faster.
To ensure these advantages, it was only necessary to reinforce the rails with longitudinal overlays and install two transverse-type supports on them — iron-covered wooden bars. To further reduce the recoil used rail captures. It took no more than 2 hours to prepare a railway gun for combat use. The recoil energy of a new railroad cannon became its main feature — thanks to the applied solutions, the entire installation was rolled back only 40 centimeters after the shot. This allowed to fire without the need to adjust the installation to 20 shots. After that, with the help of the installed winches, the installation was either installed at the calculated location, or it simply moved to a new location for the next task. Another specific feature of the creation of the 274mm caliber railway gun is to get armor cover for the location of the crew, the intermediate cellar and all mechanisms located on the conveyor. Reservation became necessary after the use of aircraft by the German troops, which fired from the machine guns of numerous personnel of large-caliber railway guns, which led to heavy losses and increased the time to bring the train guns to combat use.
“Canon de 274 mm Modèle 1893 / 96s” on the railway transporter were ordered during the 1914-1916 period. It is known about the creation of at least four railway guns “Canon de 274 mm Modèle 1893 / 96s”, they were produced under the serial numbers 1033-1036. They were used in the First World War. Further, as the barrel wears, they were converted into railway guns of the 285mm caliber (one of the guns was redone to the 288mm caliber). Later took part in the Second World War. The Germans captured railway guns in 1940 and used them in battles (Western Front). The German name of the train guns is “28.5 cm K. (E) 605 (f)”.
Key Features:
- caliber - 274 / 285 / 288 mm;
- length - 41.9 caliber (11.5 meter);
- pointing horizontally / vertically - 2 / 25 degrees;
- total weight - 116 tons;
- rate of fire about 3 vyst / min;
- maximum distance to kilometer 21;
Ammunition:
- type - high explosive (HE);
- weight - 261 kilogram;
- speed - 800 m / s.
Information sources:
http://milday.ru/france/france-army/france-artillery/894-274-mm-pushka-m-189396-na-zhedeznodorozhnom-transportere.html
http://zonawar.ru/artileru/rail_guns/274-mm_M1893-96.html
http://www.palba.cz/viewtopic.php?t=4985
http://www.warships.cc.ua/france/weapons/artillery/ss/274_40/idx.htm
Characteristics of the dismantled tool:
- The total length of the barrel - 41.9 caliber;
- barrel length (threaded part) - 29.85 caliber;
- total weight - 35 400 kilogram.
Engineers of the French company "Schneider" install a gun with a standard machine, a cradle and skimmers on the railway conveyor. The conveyor is made by analogy of the sliding type conveyor.
Conveyor design:
- main steel beam;
- balancers;
- two railway carts in a four-axle version.
The engineers equipped the rear railway trolley with a turning mechanism that provided the protractor to turn left / right by 1 degrees and served to adjust the railway gun horizontally. The tool was guided horizontally by moving the conveyor along curved railway tracks.
The standard machine provided vertical guidance of all 25 degrees, which is 15 degrees less than standard conveyors (sliding type) with a tool of the same caliber. A small angle of vertical guidance led to a decrease in the range of damage. With a standard range of 24.4 kilometer, in the 1893 / 96 М, the maximum range did not exceed 21 kilometer. At the same time, the installation of tools with a standard machine and anti-roll bars, led to a significant reduction in recoil energy. This led to the fact that additional elements and mechanisms were not required, the weight of the entire railway implement was significantly reduced in comparison with similar solutions and amounted to 116 tons. In addition, the preparation of firearms for firing and the production of a shot remained at the level of the ship installation - easier and faster.
To ensure these advantages, it was only necessary to reinforce the rails with longitudinal overlays and install two transverse-type supports on them — iron-covered wooden bars. To further reduce the recoil used rail captures. It took no more than 2 hours to prepare a railway gun for combat use. The recoil energy of a new railroad cannon became its main feature — thanks to the applied solutions, the entire installation was rolled back only 40 centimeters after the shot. This allowed to fire without the need to adjust the installation to 20 shots. After that, with the help of the installed winches, the installation was either installed at the calculated location, or it simply moved to a new location for the next task. Another specific feature of the creation of the 274mm caliber railway gun is to get armor cover for the location of the crew, the intermediate cellar and all mechanisms located on the conveyor. Reservation became necessary after the use of aircraft by the German troops, which fired from the machine guns of numerous personnel of large-caliber railway guns, which led to heavy losses and increased the time to bring the train guns to combat use.
“Canon de 274 mm Modèle 1893 / 96s” on the railway transporter were ordered during the 1914-1916 period. It is known about the creation of at least four railway guns “Canon de 274 mm Modèle 1893 / 96s”, they were produced under the serial numbers 1033-1036. They were used in the First World War. Further, as the barrel wears, they were converted into railway guns of the 285mm caliber (one of the guns was redone to the 288mm caliber). Later took part in the Second World War. The Germans captured railway guns in 1940 and used them in battles (Western Front). The German name of the train guns is “28.5 cm K. (E) 605 (f)”.
Key Features:
- caliber - 274 / 285 / 288 mm;
- length - 41.9 caliber (11.5 meter);
- pointing horizontally / vertically - 2 / 25 degrees;
- total weight - 116 tons;
- rate of fire about 3 vyst / min;
- maximum distance to kilometer 21;
Ammunition:
- type - high explosive (HE);
- weight - 261 kilogram;
- speed - 800 m / s.
Information sources:
http://milday.ru/france/france-army/france-artillery/894-274-mm-pushka-m-189396-na-zhedeznodorozhnom-transportere.html
http://zonawar.ru/artileru/rail_guns/274-mm_M1893-96.html
http://www.palba.cz/viewtopic.php?t=4985
http://www.warships.cc.ua/france/weapons/artillery/ss/274_40/idx.htm
Information