Critical vulnerability: self-propelled mortars in a special operation
Towed battalion artillery in a special operation does not hold water. Source: fn-volga.ru
Artillery Gods
The realities of a special operation impose special requirements on the mobility of artillery. Especially to the front line guns. Modern means of artillery reconnaissance allocate only a few minutes to the crews to leave the position.
It is the hardest for the mortars. Not only does the projectile approach the target slowly and along a hinged trajectory (which simplifies detection), the crews are also a couple of kilometers away from the front line. The situation is aggravated by the widespread use of reconnaissance and strike weapons by the enemy. drones, capable of both self-attacking and adjusting fire.
And now imagine how you can quickly evacuate the battalion 120-mm mortar 2S12 "Sani", which is actively used in Ukraine. In a combat position, this product pulls 210 kilograms, is mounted on a flimsy wheelset from the Zhiguli, which seriously reduces mobility. The tractor is usually the Ural, which is not protected on either side, and the calculation of five people takes a lot of time to collapse the position.
If you follow the letter of the Charter, then you can move the gun in tow only a short distance. This is not surprising - the extremely lightweight design will not withstand the full speed of an army truck leaving the shelling. Therefore, it would be correct to load a 210-kilogram product into the back of a tractor along the ramp rails. And all this under enemy fire. And this, by the way, is the most powerful artillery gun of the battalion.
In fairness, the enemy is also not going smoothly - a considerable part of the mortars have to be moved on civilian pickup trucks, or simply on the roof of armored vehicles.
Such different and such identical self-made mortars on both sides of the front. Source: Telegram
It is not surprising that the fighters have to convert mortar installations in the field. First of all, tractors are blended with improvised means, which partially protects against fragments and, if you're lucky, from bullets. Secondly, gunners place guns in the back of the car - from now on, these are not towed, but self-propelled mortars. Simple operations can significantly reduce the deployment time and, most importantly, the time to withdraw from a position after work.
In the chronicles of the special operation, such “innovations” have already been presented several times - first they showed an automatic “Vasilek” in the back of a KamAZ truck, later an 82-mm mortar 2B24 on the “Ural”.
How quickly can you leave a position with such a weapon? Source: arsenal-info.ru
An attentive reader will surely remember the famous 2S9 Nona-S and 2S23 Nona-SVK. These self-propelled mortars have long been in service with the Russian army and are used in a special operation. But, as always, there are a few caveats.
2S9 "Nona-S" is a divisional-regimental weapon, very expensive to manufacture and operate. In addition, the vehicle is assigned to the Airborne Forces, which limits the participation of equipment in combined arms operations. 2S23 "Nona-SVK" is a battalion self-propelled gun based on the BTR-80, and it is really capable of replacing towed mortars. But it doesn't replace. In the special operation, vehicles are seen only sporadically, as well as in enemy propaganda reports of destroyed equipment.
In general, for various reasons, "Nona-SVK" is not enough - either because of the small number, or because of the technical condition. The very concept of a universal weapon capable of working both mines and shells is quite controversial. How much does such a solution increase in efficiency and how much does it increase cost and complexity? A question that has yet to be resolved, but after the special operation.
The most surprising thing is that we have plenty of self-propelled mortars, ideal for the conditions of a special operation. True, for the most part they are calculated in units.
Mortars are not for parades
A review of potential novelties for the special operation should begin with the 2K32 Deva product, which is a tracked self-propelled 82-mm mortar. The base is a reliable and unpretentious tractor MT-LB. In the car, everything is extremely simple - a classic 2B24 mortar is placed in the open wheelhouse. No unnecessary exotics with versatility and automatic loading. It turned out simple and angry.
Armor confidently protects against fragments and light small arms weapons, and the ubiquitous drones with VOGs and F-1 on board still have to try to disable the car and crew. In the case of wheeled tractors, defeating the calculation and immobilizing the vehicle from the air becomes a matter of technology. The car is good for everyone, only there are only 36 such copies in the troops, and those in the National Guard.
2K32 "Virgo". Source: forums.spacebattles.com
Czechoslovak ShM vz. 85 PRÁM-S - 120 mm mortar on BMP-1 chassis
If you delve into history, it turns out that the Bulgarians decided to use MT-LB as a platform for a mortar back in the 70s. In the Soviet Army, the self-propelled 120-mm mortar "Tundzha-Sani" refused, citing the presence of the same "Nona". But in Bulgaria, several hundred of these machines are still preserved.
The supply of this equipment to nationalists from the Armed Forces of Ukraine will look like a sad anecdote. And at the same time, the Czechs and Slovaks will provide their ShM vz. 85 PRÁM-S - 120 mm mortar on the BMP-1 chassis, equipped with an automatic loader. A distinctive feature of the machine was an additional pair of rollers.
However, in the Russian army there are single copies of conditional analogues. We are talking about the car 2S12B "Dilemma-2S12" with a 120-mm gun "Sani" placed at the stern. Collapsing and deploying the mortar has become not much more convenient, but here at least there is armor.
But where is this technique in a special operation?
Product 2S12B "Dilemma-2S12". Source: sdelanounas.ru
Self-propelled mortar 2S40 "Phlox". Source: mil.ru
Much more recent samples of mortar weapons are not visible either.
What happens if you put an 82-mm automatic mortar on a light wheeled chassis? It will turn out "Drok", which was repeatedly presented at the "Army" forum. The breech-loading mortar allows you to fire even under fire, and the modern Typhoon-VDV K-4386 chassis significantly increases the mobility of crews.
Nice car but pricey. Not in the current conditions to produce in large quantities. It was necessary to think earlier and arm the battalion artillery. A 120-mm self-propelled mortar MZ-204 "Highlander" based on the armored car "Tiger" will come out much cheaper. They showed the product back in 2016, but the car never reached the gunners.
120-mm self-propelled mortar MZ-204 "Highlander". Source: pogranec.ru
The idea is very good - a muzzle-loading mortar can be loaded from an armored car due to the swinging trunnion of the gun. Most likely, the rate of fire and accuracy suffer, but the crew has a much higher chance of surviving. After work, the "Highlander" is enough to raise the outriggers and hastily retreat from the zone of potential shelling.
In the same 2016, the Burevestnik Central Research Institute demonstrated a heavy and again universal weapon with a semi-automatic loading 2S40 Phlox. It can hit the enemy with both shells for cannons and mines. But, again, where are they, these mortars?
A very rare modification of the BTR-70. At the stern of the armored personnel carrier, a transportable 120-mm mortar "Bant" can be seen. Developed in the late 1970s at the Burevestnik Central Research Institute. Created as part of strengthening the firepower of motorized riflemen. The mortar was mounted on a special gripping device, boxes for carrying mortar ammunition could also be attached there. Source: telegram channel "Tanks peace"
Lithuania handed over to the Armed Forces of Ukraine 10 self-propelled 120-mm mortars and two artillery fire control vehicles based on the M113 armored personnel carrier. Source: Telegram
Unpleasant, but the first to be able to quickly and cheaply put battalion artillery on wheeled and armored moves were thought of in Ukraine. This is how the BTR-3M2 appeared, simple to the point of impossibility - the turret was removed, the fighting compartment was expanded, a 120-mm mortar and forty mines were installed to it at the landing site. There is also a BTR-3M1 with an 82-mm mortar. A few units of this technique were also made for foreign customers, but some copies managed to die during a special operation.
But the nationalists have at least a dozen 120-mm mortars based on the American M113 armored personnel carrier. Handed over gifts from Lithuania. By design, everything is simple - a mortar in the troop compartment with the ability to fire from behind the armor.
BTR-3M2
In the end, let's voice some hope.
First the hope that there are still quite a few infantry fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers left in the rear that are suitable for combat operations.
The second hope for craftsmen from tank repair plants capable of cutting off the tower, installing a mortar in the fighting compartment, and ammunition in the landing compartment. Or vice versa.
Finally, third hope for the corresponding strong-willed decision of the leadership. For example, Dmitry Medvedev, First Deputy Chairman of the Military Industrial Commission under the Government of the Russian Federation.
Otherwise, it will not be possible to quickly and efficiently dress battalion artillery in armor. Now the main thing is to gain time until the mentioned Droks, Phloxes, Virgos and Highlanders approach the front line.
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