The ancient automatic gun S-60 successfully fights in Ukraine
The S-60 system in the museum. Photo by Wikimedia Commons
Photo and video materials with handicraft artillery mounts based on 57-mm S-60 automatic guns are again coming from the area of the Special Operation. Despite the specific origin and great age of the guns, such combat vehicles have a fairly high potential and are quite suitable for solving a number of fire missions in a modern conflict.
A necessary measure
Self-propelled guns in the form of a truck with a cannon on a platform appeared in the Donbass back in 2014, shortly after the outbreak of hostilities. Such equipment was made in artisanal conditions by both Donbass militias and Ukrainian formations. In both cases, this was a forced measure due to the lack or lack of full-fledged self-propelled artillery.
In the course of hostilities, the defenders of Donbass gained the necessary experience and developed optimal methods for using their "gantraks" with S-60 guns. 57-mm guns proved to be a good tool for dealing with all lightly armored combat vehicles and some structures available to the enemy. At the same time, the self-propelled chassis made it possible to quickly leave the position and escape from the retaliatory strike.
After the start of the Russian Special Operation, the use of improvised self-propelled guns continued with renewed vigor. Probably, new machines of this kind were made to make up for losses and to strengthen artillery units. The use of 57-mm guns was again reported, and they once again confirmed the calculated characteristics.
The latest reports about the participation of S-60 products in the Special Operation appeared just the other day. Thus, personnel of the combat work of artillerymen of the Luhansk People's Republic were distributed among specialized resources. The self-propelled guns shown and its crew participate in the battles in the Lisichansk direction and contribute to the destruction of the enemy. The video demonstrates the processes of firing bursts, loading ammunition, etc.
Self-propelled guns with AZP-57 guns. The car in the foreground, apparently, was recaptured from the Ukrainian formations. Photo Telegram / "Corner of the Sith"
In addition, we can expect the replenishment of the fleet of such artillery. Recently, unverified information appeared about the removal of Russian S-60 products from storage and transportation, probably to the zone of the Special Operation. It is assumed that these guns will also be installed on the available chassis, and the Donbass units will receive new “gantrucks”.
With a long history
The S-60 anti-aircraft artillery system is distinguished by its great age and long history. The development of the promising 57-mm AZP-57 gun, which became its basis, began as early as 1944 and was carried out at NII-58 in V.G. Grabin. In the first post-war years, the finished gun with all other equipment was put to the test. In 1950, the new complex was adopted by the Soviet army.
The S-60 complex was considered as one of the main means of military air defense, in connection with which it was produced in a large series. According to various sources, several tens of thousands of such products were manufactured. The main recipient of the guns was the Soviet army. In addition, they were supplied to many friendly states.
The AZP-57 gun was used not only as part of the S-60 complex. In the fifties, the ZSU-57-2 self-propelled gun was created with a pair of such guns. Various options for using the gun in the creation or modernization of other armored vehicles were proposed. For fleet developed the AK-725 turret with a pair of 57-mm guns.
Due to obsolescence, the S-60 anti-aircraft system was removed from service with the Russian army long ago. Part of the decommissioned guns went for recycling, while the rest were mothballed. Apparently, now such weapons are being removed from storage, and they are getting a second life.
The calculation of the gun is firing. Photo Telegram / "Military Chronicle"
In the tenth years of the XXI century. The AZP-57 cannon has been modernized and has become the main armament of the AU-220M Baikal combat module. To date, several variants of this module with different features have been developed. A number of combat vehicles with such weapons are also offered. Some of these samples have already reached the test.
S-60 systems have been actively used in various armed conflicts in recent decades. They were used both in their original towed form and as a component of a self-propelled unit on an accessible chassis. In this form, the S-60 / AZP-57 is still used today.
Technical features
The S-60 is an anti-aircraft artillery system with a 57-mm automatic cannon on a towed chassis. Its task is to combat air and ground targets at ranges up to 6 km and altitudes of 5 km using projectiles of various types. Calculation of the complex - up to 8 people.
The basis of the complex is the automatic gun AZP-57. It is equipped with a 57 mm rifled barrel with a length of 85 klb. There is a muzzle brake and recoil devices. The long barrel gives the muzzle velocity of 1000 m/s and provides the specified firing range.
The gun uses automatics based on the recoil energy when fired. Unitary shots 57x348 mm SR with fragmentation tracer, armor-piercing incendiary and other projectiles are used. The supply of ammunition is carried out manually using clips for four shells. Automation provides a technical rate of fire up to 120 rds / min. Practical does not exceed 70-75 rds / min.
Recharge. Photo Telegram / "Military Chronicle"
Guidance of the gun is carried out by calculation using manual or electric drives. In this case, your own sight or data from an external gun guidance station can be used. In the latter case, several S-60s can simultaneously work effectively on the same target.
The S-60 complex includes a wheeled carriage, hung out with the help of jacks. The movable part of the carriage has space for two gunners. All-round horizontal guidance is provided with vertical guidance from -4 ° to + 85 °. The entire installation with a carriage weighs 4,8 tons.
When creating a "gantrak", only the upper carriage machine with a gun and calculation places is used. Using a homemade adapter, it is installed on the cargo area of a suitable vehicle. The resulting ACS has obvious advantages over the original towed complex.
An impromptu solution
Improvised self-propelled guns, incl. based on the S-60 system, are a forced decision. They are built in artisanal conditions due to the lack or lack of full-fledged factory-made combat vehicles. At the same time, this technique also matters, because. the alternative is its complete absence. In addition, it has several characteristic features that can be an advantage.
First of all, it is improved mobility. The trucks used have high cross-country ability, and their mobility is not limited by the parameters of the gun carriage. In addition, there is no need to deploy guns to the position and prepare to leave it. "Gantrak" can simply arrive and leave the position.
Shot, view from behind the gun. Photo Telegram / "Military Chronicle"
The AZP-57 gun, despite its great age, still shows high performance. It is capable of hitting manpower and unprotected targets at ranges up to 5-6 km. The fight against armored vehicles in a wide range of ranges is also provided. Regular projectiles of various types at a distance of 1 km are capable of penetrating at least 95-100 mm of homogeneous armor. This is enough to defeat any modern foreign armored vehicles, with the exception of tanks and machines based on them.
It should be noted that the 57-mm cannon surpasses the common 30-mm systems installed on various types of armored vehicles in terms of basic firing characteristics. This means that self-propelled guns with AZP-57 are able to effectively support their armored personnel carriers and infantry fighting vehicles, as well as destroy enemy vehicles from a greater distance.
Improvised technology also has disadvantages. The main one is the lack of protection. Often, such self-propelled guns have only one armor element - the shield cover of the gun. Accordingly, additional measures are needed in the form of overhead booking on other important structural elements. For aiming the gun, a regular sight of the old model is used. It seriously limits the maximum range and accuracy of fire. In this case, the installation of new control devices in most cases is not possible.
Confirmed Capabilities
Improvised self-propelled guns in the form of a truck with a S-60 / AZP-57 gun were a forced decision at one time. At the same time, with all the objective limitations and problems, such a technique made it possible to improve the fire capabilities of the Donbass militias. Moreover, it still copes with the assigned tasks, is operated together with other artillery systems and contributes to the fight against the enemy.
In addition, practice has again shown that the S-60 system and the 57 mm caliber as a whole are distinguished by high performance and retain significant potential. It is quite possible that the current battles and the use of handicraft "gantrucks" will contribute to the further development of 57-mm systems. And this will accelerate the appearance of full-fledged combat vehicles with such weapons in the troops.
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