Tenth in testing: the construction of RTOs "Buyan-M" continues

Bookmark RTO "Grad", April 24, 2017

A few days ago, tests began on a new small rocket ship Grad, built according to project 21631 Buyan-M. This is the tenth representative of this project and the third similar RTO built for the Baltic fleet. In the coming months, the new pennant will pass all the necessary checks and confirm the design characteristics, after which it will be accepted by the fleet. It will be followed by two more ships of the same type in the coming years.

Third contract

The program for the construction of new RTOs pr. 21631 started 12 years ago. In May 2010, the Zelenodolsk Shipbuilding Plant named after. A.M. Gorky received the first contract for the construction of five such ships. Later, a second order for four pennants appeared. The lead Buyan-M was laid down in 2010 and entered service in 2014. Later, until 2021, eight more ships were built.

Until the mid-2016s, it was reported that the construction of Buyanov-M would be limited to nine units. However, later plans were revised. During the Army-XNUMX forum, the Ministry of Defense and the Zelenodolsk Shipyard signed a third contract for the construction of new RTOs. This time it was about three additional ships.

"Grad" during launching, September 17, 2021

In April 2017, the laying of the first ship of the new series, which received the name Grad, took place. In September 2021, this ship was launched and transferred to completion. Installation of the remaining structures and instruments took several months. Then the manufacturer began preparing the ship for testing.

In February 2018, the second ship of the new contract, named Naro-Fominsk, was laid down. In July of the same year, the construction of the Stavropol ship began. Both buildings are still on the stocks. Their launch is expected in 2022-23. Accordingly, they will be commissioned in 2023-24. On this, apparently, the construction of "Buyanov-M" will be completed.

According to known data, the first two ships of the new series will be part of the Baltic Fleet. "Stavropol", in turn, is intended for the Caspian flotilla. Thus, according to the results of construction, these formations of the Navy will have four Buyana-Ms of different years of construction, and the total number of such ships will reach 12.

The ship leaves for Kronstadt, August 10, 2022

"Grad" on trials

On August 10, 2022, the Zelenodolsk Shipyard, having completed the necessary preparations, sent the Grad RTOs to an external delivery base in Kronstadt. The ship was led to its destination along inland waterways with the help of a pusher tug. The remaining preparations were made at the delivery base, and the new ship went to sea for the first time for testing. The start of such events on October 7 was reported by the RIA agency News with reference to representatives of the Baltic Fleet.

It is reported that at the moment, "Grad" under the control of the crew and specialists of the manufacturer is undergoing factory sea trials. At the first stage of testing, the power plant, control systems, communications and navigation, etc. are checked. Then the speed, maneuverability and other characteristics of the ship will be determined, and the tests will be completed by firing from standard weapons.

Back in May, the command of the Baltic Fleet revealed plans for this year. It was reported that in 2022 the combat strength of the association will be replenished with two new missile ships - incl. one "Buyan-M". Apparently, this meant "Grad", which is now being tested. There are less than three months left until the end of the year, and it is not yet clear whether it will be possible to complete all the tests and take the new RTO into operation within the specified time frame.

Limited upgrade

Before the construction of the third series of three small missile ships, the Buyan-M project underwent some revision. It provided for the replacement of individual units and systems with modern and / or affordable analogues. Due to this, it was planned to ensure the continuation of construction, as well as to gain an increase in some of the characteristics.

Outwardly and in its design, "Grad" practically does not differ from its predecessors. The hull of the traditional contours and the integrated add-on, which reduces visibility, are preserved. The total displacement is still at the level of 950 tons. The length of the ship is 74 m with a width of 11 m.

In the new Buyany-M series, for the first time, they receive a domestic-made power plant. It includes two diesel engines 10D49 with a capacity of 5200 hp each. and a pair of diesel-reverse gear units DRRA-6000 manufactured by the Zvezda enterprise. These units will keep driving performance at the same level, but eliminate dependence on imports.

"Grad" and subsequent ships retain standard radio-electronic weapons. The combat information and control system "Sigma", surveillance and navigation radars "Pozitiv-M1", "Liman", etc. are still used. All necessary means of communication and navigation are provided.

Cannon weapons remain the same. On the deck in front of the superstructure, a 100-mm A-190 automatic artillery mount has been preserved. A paired 30-mm installation AK-630M-2 "Duet" is placed at the stern. There are several machine guns of normal and large caliber.

The superstructure houses the 3S14 universal ship firing system with eight missile cells. Buyany-M in its current configuration can carry and use Caliber cruise missiles and Onyx anti-ship missiles. In the future, the integration of other weapons is not excluded.

The ceremony of laying the ship "Naro-Fominsk", February 23, 2018

On previous RTOs, pr. 21631, the main means of air defense was the 3M-47-01 Gibka-R air defense system with Igla or Verba missiles. Earlier it was reported that on three new ships this complex could be replaced by a modern and more efficient Pantsir-M missile and gun. Such an air defense missile system has two 30-mm cannons and eight missiles ready for launch. Launch range - up to 20 km when using modern ammunition. A promising rocket will be able to fly 35-40 km.

Replacing the only air defense system on board will seriously affect the level of protection of the ship. Thus, the range of destruction of air targets by standard anti-aircraft missiles will increase several times. At the same time, the new ZRPK has 30-mm guns, which will complement the Duet installation and improve defense in the near zone.

Ways of development

Since 2014, the Russian Navy has received nine small missile ships, Project 21631 Buyan-M. The tenth pennant is expected to be delivered in the coming months, with two more to follow over the next few years. In total, the fleet will receive 12 such ships. The series will be equally divided between the Baltic and Black Sea Fleets, as well as the Caspian Flotilla.

Start of construction of "Stavropol", July 12, 2018

On this, the construction of Buyanov-M is likely to be completed. The development of the direction of small missile ships will now continue due to the newer project 22800 Karakurt. This project has noticeable differences and, at least, is not inferior to its predecessor in all the main characteristics and combat capabilities. At the moment, the construction of 18 Karakurts is planned, and several have already been handed over to the customer. The rest are expected in the middle of the decade.

However, despite the construction of a new type of RTOs, the Buyans-M will continue to serve, and their number will increase in the foreseeable future. 12 pennants of this type will be able to remain in service for a long time and make a significant contribution to the overall fire capabilities of the three formations of the Navy. Accordingly, the current work in Zelenodolsk and trials in the Baltic Sea most seriously affect the future of the fleet.

Comments

[Machito]

Good news. We still have to denazify Poland as a result of the Sixth Section.

[Yapet100]

It’s not entirely clear to me why small rocket ships are being built ??? At what distance from their shore are they capable of conducting combat operations? And, apparently, you cannot send such ships as part of a grouping to the Mediterranean Sea ...
China is building and building aircraft carriers ...

[Ermak_Timofeich]

At what distance from their shore are they capable of conducting combat operations?

For example - from the Caspian Sea to Syria. Few? Or do you mean a demonstration of the flag? So the "gunboat policy" has sunk into oblivion.

China is building and building aircraft carriers.

And built a lot? About the service and operation is not even worth talking about. For the PLA Navy, which has no experience in the construction, operation and tactical use of aircraft carriers, this is hemorrhoids for the near future. In order for one aircraft carrier to be able to constantly carry out combat service, they need to be built at least three. Better - four. Ask how many US aircraft carriers are in readiness, and how many and how long they are under repair. .

[ermak124.0]

Two and a third are on their way. And should we talk about the problems of China, having only one cruiser of this class.

[Yapet100]

The Chinese are building fast and will quickly master the use of aircraft carriers. They will do everything and master everything. And not a single yuan will be lost, because you can go under execution after smoking your last cigarette. And in our shipyards, "Admiral Kuznetsov" either burns or sinks ... On its repair, they have probably already cut up money for two aircraft carriers ...
I read somewhere that building such a mosquito fleet is not a very good idea...

[Doctor]

I read somewhere that building such a mosquito fleet is not a very good idea...

This idea has been implanted into the minds of our leaders by agents of influence for more than one century.
But every war we frantically begin to build a mosquito fleet. Because he is the only one needed.
In the Second World War, boats were driven from the states across the Atlantic ...

[Yapet100]

At the moment, the US Navy has 11 active aircraft carriers, 2 more are under construction and design. In total, in the history of this state, 80 ships of this type were built / laid down (some of them remained unfinished).

[Ermak_Timofeich]

At the moment, the US Navy has 11 active aircraft carriers,

And how many of them are in service, three, four?

For aircraft carriers, the navy generally follows the one-third rule that governs most fleets: at any given time, one-third of ships are on patrol, one-third is preparing to patrol or just leaving, and the last third is in maintenance at the shipyard.
In emergencies, many (but not all) ships preparing to patrol may be alerted, and ships ending patrols may delay their return. Thus, at any given time, 4 out of 11 aircraft carriers may be available for operations,

.

Should we talk about problems...

So we drank these problems to the very tonsils, and China has just started this fascinating procedure. Well, what they will do is undeniable. But not in the short term. This is a rake marathon race.

[TerraSandera]

In the near future (very near) they will have a 3rd, full-fledged aircraft carrier. Which is quite enough for the operation of the blockade of Taiwan. A full-fledged one, this is not Kuznetsov with Liaoning, but an aircraft carrier with an em catapult, expanded hangars and other stuffing. Everything will be tested on it, some bumps will be stuffed, but most of them were stuffed before them, the Americans and it is easier for them, in this regard, not to repeat other people's mistakes, to minimize their own. And how China knows how to build, if taken, we know from the rest of the fleet. They bake destroyers like pies, for 3-4 years. For this time, we barely barely mow down the MRC by 7-10 times less displacement, and several times the quantity. Despite the fact that they need a fleet, well, at least less than us.
P. From the road will be mastered by the walking (s)

[sopot]

Bypass the INF Treaty. They withdraw money abroad that could go to full-fledged ships - they steal, that is, they steal money. There is not enough production capacity, and the construction time for something more or less normal exceeds everything imaginable. It is hard to plunder a country and try to strengthen it at the same time. Sympathize with HIM...

[Alexey RA]

Quote from sopot

Bypass the INF Treaty.

So the INF Treaty is all.
RTOs, especially the river Buyans, are already being built simply by inertia. The technology has been debugged, the chain of subcontractors has been built - and now the fleet once again gets what the industries can give, and not what it really needs. Either take RTOs, or ... nothing.

[Dart2027]

Quote: Yapet100

At what distance from their shore are they capable of conducting combat operations?

And in the Baltic, in the event of a serious batch, the entire fleet will sit at the bases, because everything is shot through and through.

[Adrey]

Quote: Dart2027

And in the Baltic, in the event of a serious batch, the entire fleet will sit at the bases, because everything is shot through and through.

That's just in the Baltic, it is these boats that are now taking on a new meaning .
There will be a new Ladoga flotilla. And shooting through Ladoga is not easy. At least for now

[Dart2027]

Quote: Adrey

That's just in the Baltic, it is these boats that are now taking on a new meaning

In principle, you don’t need to keep anything larger than a corvette there.

[Adrey]

There are already corvettes in question. Other places will need

[Div Divich]

Of course, China is building aircraft carriers, but tell me where on the territory of Ukraine we would use aircraft carriers. I think even near Odessa they will simply sink it, like Moscow.

The history of the operation of aircraft carriers shows that aircraft carriers, like the old battleships, are just competitions between countries in the characteristics of ships. They are suitable for capturing islands from weak countries, but defeating strong countries with the help of them will not work, since strong countries have many means of destroying such ships (missiles, aircraft).

Cruisers with missiles and kamikaze drones are more formidable weapons than aircraft carriers, since drones are easier to maintain, more compact, fly far and can perform complex maneuvers, the loss is unimportant (there is no person in it).

[Yapet100]

Unfortunately, I am not an expert in this field, so I have nothing special to say to your words, except that the United States and China are not fools and calculate everything and continue to build such hulks ... Apparently, from their point of view, this makes sense .

[Markgraf]

Apparently, they are assigned the role that gunboats and, in part, battleships of coastal defense used to play. Anti-ship defense of the coast and strikes on land. Only shock capabilities are not enough. They could raise the displacement and place 2 UKKS on them for 16 missiles, so that they would be more toothy.
And for the PLO there are "Varshavyanka". The result is a KUG OVR supplemented for stability with corvettes 20380, 20385

[stas-xnumx]

In the 80s, it was the RTOs of project 1234, and it was in the Mediterranean that they carried the BS. And constantly, but based in Sevastopol, on the North side, b. Chicken. So everything is fine.

[Crabong]

The most for the new "naval doctrine"! Coastal ship, displacement - 1000 tons. Full speed - 25 knots ("defender" will not be able to catch up).

[paul3390]

Who would explain the meaning of the existence of a steamship with missiles, but - with no air defense and completely absent anti-aircraft defense ??

[Crabong]

And the explanation, in my opinion, is very simple and obvious - the leadership of the military-industrial complex, and maybe the country, does not need Russia to have a fleet that has any significant potential.

[Alexey RA]

Quote: paul3390

Who would explain the meaning of the existence of a steamship with missiles, but - with no air defense and completely absent anti-aircraft defense ??

Rudiments of the INF Treaty. Plus a "long arm" for the Caspian, which then, due to the lack of alternatives, began to be extended to other fleets.
Now the INF Treaty has rested in the bose, there are already naval RTOs - but the Buyans continue to fail.

However, the Buyans have one fat plus - a power plant with Kolomna diesel engines, and not with Zvezdovsky ones.

[paul3390]

This is understandable - but now on feijoa to renew the series ?? After all, these are pure suicide bombers - all they can do is scam with Caliber and drown .. In principle, they have nothing to fight off the attack, and they are also unable to perform any other tasks ..

[Alexey RA]

Quote: paul3390

This is understandable - but now on feijoa to renew the series ??

Because there is no other. Proms have established a series and drive it. And the Navy, in pursuit of pennants, traditionally takes what they give, and not what is needed.

[navycat777]

Why are they suicide bombers? Let's say there is a ship on the Volga (Kostroma) and makes a salvo of missiles, for example, at targets in Norway. Who is interested in getting them on the Volga?

[Adrey]

Quote: Alexey RA

Plus a "long arm" for the Caspian, which then, due to the lack of alternatives, began to be extended to other fleets.
Now the INF Treaty has rested in the bose, there are already naval RTOs - but the Buyans continue to fail.

Agree completely. It is high time to "finish" the land container CLUB and finish driving "what is".
But it is precisely for the Buyans, and precisely in the Baltic, that "their own" special combat area has just now appeared. Ladoga and Onega are large enough to quickly find them there, and they can easily carry out launches from there. And powerful air defense is there for them so far without much need.
The Irony of Fate . "Lake gunboats", albeit missile ones, SUDDENLY made sense again

[ratfly]

Your engines. It's not bad. How long have you been waiting for this. But this project is needed - this project is not needed, it has already been discussed. There are always better options.

[Alexey RA]

Quote: ratfly

Your engines. It's not bad. How long have you been waiting for this.

Not just their own, but Kolomna.
For the competitor - project 22800 - had its own engines from Zvezda from the very beginning. But, as it turned out, Zvezda's production capacities could not handle more than one ship set per year.

[acetophenone]

Quote: Krabong

The most for the new "naval doctrine"! Coastal ship, displacement - 1000 tons. Full speed - 25 knots ("defender" will not be able to catch up).

"Onyx" will catch up.

[Crabong]

Why didn’t they catch up when the “defender” entered our waters? What do you write in general?

[sopot]

On the marine modification of the "Shell", instead of the "Duet" did the managers "from the USC (Ministry of Finance?) Effective"?
Oh yes, no one removed the obligation to supply expensive "partners" with money, taking them abroad, from the fragile shoulders of the Supreme - see the dynamics of their export in the military 2022.

[Alexey RA]

Quote from sopot

On the marine modification of the "Shell", instead of the "Duet" did the managers "from the USC (Ministry of Finance?) Effective"?

So when the "Buyans" were designed, the marine "Shell" was only in dreams.
Well, this is the very first RTO project, which was converted from a river artillery boat. He already has bad seaworthiness, and you want him to screw the carcass of the "Shell" onto the superstructure.

[bk0010]

"Buyany-M" in the current configuration can carry and use cruise missiles "Caliber" and anti-ship "Onyx"

Onyxes? Seriously?

[Nemchinov Vl]

Quote: bk0010

"Buyany-M" in the current configuration can carry and use cruise missiles "Caliber" and anti-ship "Onyx"
Onyxes? Seriously?

What actually surprises you...?!

Author: Kirill Ryabov

and he was still modest, and refrained ... he could afford to gasp with "Zircons" ...
how many authors, so many interpretations on VO ...
would write an article Kononov, ... then I would add a little titanium, hydrofoils, M-90 FR, and OGAS .... solving all the PLO problems at once ... (!)
what if, - Timokhin, ... then I would probably add: GAS "Dawn", plus BUGAS, "Redoubt" (although he himself with a "mine", more than once proved that he was nothing without "Polyment"), and in a series (like a PLO mini corvette), ... ...
... Here everyone has - "own unique style" ...
... Just after the death of Zadornov M.N., most of the "modern satirists" have shifted to the pages of VO ....

[navycat777]

It is no longer relevant to continue the series of these ships. A more important request is to form a variant of the IPC for OVR on the basis of a similar ship (of the "karakurt" type) to ensure the exit of SSBNs from the bases

[sopot]

You probably have no idea how untenable the IPC is in the fight against modern nuclear submarines in open (ocean) theaters. Alas, this is the case when the size of a surface (namely, anti-submarine) ship matters. The relationship between displacement (=composition of radio-technical and anti-submarine weapons) is much more rigid / direct than in the case of missile ships.

[navycat777]

And here the IPC and the ocean expanses?

[Alexey RA]

Quote from sopot

You probably have no idea how untenable the IPC is in the fight against modern nuclear submarines in open (ocean) theaters.

What are ocean theaters? We have nothing to cover close approaches to the bases.
"Virgin" can calmly wait for the SSBN right at the exit from Vilyuchinsk or Gadzhiyevo - there are no more PLO ships at the OVR. "Albatrosses" - that's it, they have been out for 30-35 years.
And Mriya Chirkov that the hole after the decommissioning of the IPC will be closed by coastal systems and aviation remained unscientific fiction. In real life, we have 8 modern PLO aircraft for 2 ocean fleets (more precisely, for the entire Navy, but the Baltic Fleet and Black Sea Fleet can do without them). And the complete absence of modern PLO helicopters.

[tone]

The Raptors and Bekh have already been sunk, and the admirals and military-industrial complex continue to drive ships without SAMs ...

[Div Divich]

The artillery gun has long been outdated for ships, now ships are not destroyed in direct line of sight, but missiles are launched at coordinates from the radar.
These cannons are used as scarecrows and for breaking ice. You can install more effective means for these needs. Anti-aircraft machine guns are enough for intimidation, and a portable mortar will do for cracking ice. Thus, the front space will be freed up for missiles and kamikaze drones.

[navycat777]

The purpose of naval artillery is the near zone of cover from anti-ship missiles

[Div Divich]

No sooner can an artillery gun hit a torpedo or an air missile, this slow, obsolete weapon, it was relevant 50 years ago, cannot compete with modern weapons both in speed and in range, and in accuracy.

An enemy ship of the same displacement with modern weapons will pierce it like a tin can without entering the visibility zone of our ship.

[navycat777]

Can a cannon fire a torpedo? Tell me how? You seem to be a civilian and do not know current trends))
What kind of ship will make holes in it? whom? ))

[Div Divich]

Yes, I am a civilian.

Arleigh Burke can hole him.

As for firing an artillery mount at a torpedo, I distorted your words, I agree that it is not a rocket. Here I am wrong.

I don’t know current trends in shipbuilding, but I see that outdated weapons are being installed on new ships.

[navycat777]

Arly Björk - displacement 7000t. Displacement MPK - 1000t. The comparison is obviously incorrect. It is also surprising if he can even approach the exit from the base, for example, SF. Which is basically impossible.

[Div Divich]

Our ships will not stay forever at the pier, wherever they send, they will sail there.

[navycat777]

Each ship has its own purpose. No one will send a raid tug to the shores of America))

[Div Divich]

Buyans are coastal ships, but Russia has a very large area of ​​\uXNUMXb\uXNUMXbthe coastal zone, even near Alaska (USA) there are our shores.

[navycat777]

Buyan has negligible seaworthiness. River-sea. It is not for the ocean, it cannot even use weapons. There is a good book on the Internet in two volumes for future admirals, written in an accessible language for schoolchildren, read it.

[Div Divich]

So Arleigh Burke will be able to enter the sea, and fire a volley both on land and on Buyan.

[Vladimir Michailovich]

The construction of these troughs is a crime. Zero air defense, imported engines, low survivability. In a word, a galosh with dubious combat value.

[navycat777]

Cool. And that Kolomna has already become abroad? Buyan needs strong air defense? Where does the information come from that this large boat has low survivability? )

[Mustached Kok]

Oh, I don’t know, it seems to me that his air defense is rather weak. All the same, 80% of the threats from a potential enemy are missiles. And the missiles are different and in a large number. Starting from light air defense missiles capable of sinking and causing damage to a ship, ending with long-range sea and air-based anti-ship missiles.

[Div Divich]

Weak, as outdated.

As I understand it, the case is similar to the Kalashnikov. The existing weapons are produced by certain factories, for these factories there are educational institutions that train specialists.
If these weapons are abandoned and ordered from another domestic manufacturer, factories and educational institutions will close, and it will not be possible to restore them later.

So the modernization of production is needed so that they are not tied to one type of product, but are with a wider list of products, for example, components for products in cooperation with other factories. A more flexible production structure will make it possible to modernize weapons more frequently. And in the future, switch to smart ammunition, with a changing trajectory of movement, and performing not only flight, but also searching for a target, recognizing interference, maneuvering from enemy air defense, choosing how to inflict maximum damage on the enemy - which part of the ship to get into (captain’s bridge, hangar with a helicopter, a mine with missiles, a hold with a dangerous cargo, a control panel for blocking the course of the ship).

Now let's move on to the air defense of the ship. You can install TOR, and you will get the interception of aircraft within a radius of several kilometers, which is just right for a small ship. Thor can shoot down incoming missiles, but I don't know if there is a naval version.

[Mustached Kok]

I disagree a little that the situation is similar to Kalashnikov. AK is still a very versatile design. Here, rather, the problem is that they can’t decide in any way in order to determine what requirements are needed for the necessary version of Kalashnikov now and in the coming years. From that, the same Ak-12 has changed so much and is still changing.

But about the production, everything is true. The problem is that errors occur at the very stage of training. Sometimes it seems that we are not taught to create weapons, we are taught to create Ak. Otherwise, I cannot explain the reason why for the last 35 years we have hardly produced new designs and researches with the search for new technologies in weapons. We just produce Ak.
We often mock how the Americans every few years carry out another program to replace their AR-15 (deep modernization of the M-16) and each time unsuccessfully. But for some reason they are silent that in the course of these works, research and discoveries are still being made with inventions that are then actively used in new modifications of weapons and in production.

And we don't do anything for a long time, they just refuse. And then, when all of a sudden everyone sees that they are 10-15 years behind everyone else, they frantically try to catch up.

With perestroika, apparently, the design school of gunsmiths itself has changed for the worse.

And with the destroyer, as I thought after reading the article, the problem is not only outdated weapons. But also in the wrong goal setting. They are trying to make a floating launcher out of the ship. Which is completely crazy for such a small court. We do not have so many aircraft and target designation satellites to assign the detection and tracking of anti-ship missiles to them and not to the systems of the ship itself. What is this ship for? For strikes on ground targets from our waters ??? So it is better to use frigates for this, which, due to the larger displacement, will have the opportunity to install good detection systems, as well as protection. All the same, there will be no point in the ship’s missile arsenal if, due to weak air defense and anti-aircraft defense, it is easily detected and destroyed by an enemy missile or boat even before the ship strikes.

In the Soviet Navy, similar ships were created, at least due to the fact that naval aviation was sufficiently provided with target designation aircraft. And such a scheme with "floating platforms" and target designation from the air was dangerous. And now we do not have such modern and MASS air or space target designation. While the enemy, due to the confrontation with the fleet of the USSR, has greatly developed systems for searching and destroying such small ships.

Small ships should fully assume the role of searching for enemy submarines or provide additional air defense in the necessary areas. Therefore, only systems for searching for enemy submarines, torpedoes and mines for fishing and destroying them should be on ships. And short and medium range air defense for additional air cover. To stuff such small ships with strike missiles or anti-ship missiles is nonsense. They still won’t be able to sail far into the sea to sink ships, they are not for the distant sea. In their environment, the danger is precisely the submarine and the air. If something floats on the surface of the water, then it will be some kind of boats or the same small ships of conditional Turkey. And you can learn how to shoot down such ships with air defense missiles (they already know how to do this in many places, it remains to teach this with us on an ongoing basis).

[air wolf]

With the Shell, this is already a unit, it would be desirable to raise the PLO, to protect against mini submarines, mines, torpedoes and combat swimmers!

[PCF]

Quote: Ermak_Timofeich

Ask how many US aircraft carriers are in readiness

Evil tongues say that up to 40% of the military budget of the tan goes to the maintenance of the aircraft carrier fleet. The amount of investment can be estimated on the calculator

[Ethiopian]

I just didn’t understand, on three ships they replaced Gibka with Pantsyr or not?