FSO Museum: Garage for a special purpose and the subtleties of import substitution

The history of the corteges of the first persons of the state

The Soviet Union knew how to make good cars. Let not for mere mortals, but quite at the global level. Until recently, it was difficult for the highest nomenclature to see the entire color of the automotive industry live. But in 2021, the Special Purpose Garage turned 100 years old, and by this date a wonderful exposition was opened at the Moscow VDNKh, a visit to which leads to certain thoughts. Especially in light of the current situation. So, pavilions No. 53-54 "Museum of the Special Purpose Garage of the FSO of Russia."

It should be noted right away that the lion's share of the museum's exposition revolves around the modern executive limousine "Aurus", the mass production of which started last year in Yelabuga. But the cars presented in the museum were assembled by NAMI in Moscow by hand, with considerable use of imported components. By the way, most of the foreign parts are produced in unfriendly countries. But more on that later.

In the meantime, in the vicinity of pavilions No. 53-54, visitors are greeted by a plywood model of the presidential limousine, which can give a voice if those who are interested press the appropriate button.

One of the first layouts of the future "Aurus Senat" flaunts at the entrance, in which the imitation of the ZIS-110 style, which still remembers Joseph Vissarionovich, is clearly visible. This search prototype did not take root, but many decorative elements are found on the production Aurus Senate.

The FSO Museum, as far as the secrecy regime allows, discloses history and subtleties of using tuples for the first persons of the state. In one of the first expositions you can find a brief digression:

“The appearance in Russia of a motorcade of the first person is associated with the name of Nicholas II. The emperor, as a rule, moved to various events along with his retinue, whose cars were part of His Imperial Majesty's Own garage. Numbering up to ten or more cars, the imperial garage did not perform the function of protecting the person of the emperor. Rather, here we can talk about the representative component of protocol practice during events. The emperor's car, as a rule, moved first in the cortege.

Mercedes 22/40PS model 1910. Was part of His Imperial Majesty's Own Garage. Author's photo

It is interesting that a powerful electric headlight appeared on the radiator of the imperial car - the prototype of the blue special signal familiar to us today. When Lenin came to power, he abandoned the motorcade, although he willingly used cars from the emperor's garage. It was under Vladimir Ilyich that the famous Special Purpose Garage appeared, which is currently listed as a transport unit of the Federal Security Service and serves the president and prime minister of Russia. The FSO commented:

"The birthday of the Special Purpose Garage is considered to be January 1, 1921, from that day, in accordance with Order No. 13 of the Administration of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR, the Special Garage of the SNK Motor Depot (Leninsky Garage) was separated into an independent unit."

In 1921-1924 Rolls-Royce 40/50 Silver Ghost - Lenin's personal car

By the beginning of the 30s, after several incidents with cars of top officials, a motorcade appeared in the USSR, the purpose of which was to ensure the safety of top officials. From that time until the beginning of the 50s, the motorcade consisted of four cars. The first was, as they called it then, the “reconnaissance car”: it went right after the ORUD car (traffic control department), followed by two cars of the same type, in one of which was Joseph Stalin, the group was closed by a car with security. Formally, the police car was not included in the cortege; it accompanied the rest from the Borovitsky Gates of the Kremlin to the Near Dacha.

ZIS-101 model 1941 from Stalin's garage

Packard Twelve 1408 - in 1936-1950 Stalin's personal car

ZIS-110 and its wonderful jack

From 1950 until his death, Stalin used the armored ZIS-115

Khrushchev preferred open cars, clearly emulating American presidents. John F. Kennedy was also partial to full-size convertibles. Up to a certain point, of course ... In the Soviet Union, for obvious reasons, Khrushchev's motorcades ceased to perform a protective function and became strictly representative. But the car with security and the "scout car" in the cortege were still left. The order of meetings of guests has been significantly changed. The ceremonial side became an important element. The changes mainly consisted in the solemn procession of the cortege from Vnukovo airport to the Kremlin: Muscovites with flags and banners lined up all the way.

Phaeton ZIS-110B Nikita Khrushchev

The motorcades of Leonid Brezhnev were distinguished by two additional cars: one with a closed connection, and the second with a team of doctors, for whom a special ZIL station wagon with a raised roof was created.

ZIL-111G. In 1963-1964 - the personal car of Nikita Khrushchev, in 1964-1967 - the first limousine of Leonid Brezhnev

ZIL-111D - Leonid Brezhnev's limousine, which he used until 1976. Nearby is the M-72 motorcycle, which served in the Honorary Escort in 1956-1961.

ZIL-117 from a special purpose garage

ZIL-114 - Leonid Brezhnev's personal car from 1967 to 1978

And again the limousine of Leonid Ilyich. The Secretary General used the ZIL-4104 car from 1978 to 1982, later he became the personal limousine of Yu. V. Andropov

Two ZIL-41045 limousines at once. The car belongs to the era of developed socialism, which is why it often changed owners. In 1983-1984, Yu. V. Andropov moved on it, in 1984-1985 - K. U. Chernenko, 1985-1986 - M. S. Gorbachev. Below are the unique bulletproof tires "Granit"

On shot tires, the modern Aurus can travel several tens of kilometers at quite a decent speed.

It would seem that the cars are the same, but no - at the top is ZIL-41047, the personal car of M. S. Gorbachev in 1986-1991. Below ZIL-41052, which Gorbachev also used since 1986, and then B.N. Yeltsin moved to it and used it until 1990

Under Mikhail Gorbachev, the motorcade acquired almost the same form that has survived to this day. At that time, a special car for the protection of ZIL-41072 "Scorpion" appeared. It was not armored and differed from the limousine of the first person of the state by two large steps on the sides of the car. A special handrail was also fixed on the roof, for which the guards could hold on. When the car started moving, the guards could immediately jump on the bandwagon and thus move around. In the car, the task of lowering the window panes was extremely facilitated: they literally fell when the button was pressed. The rear window of the car - under normal conditions, motionless - also instantly leaned back, which made it possible to fire from the passenger compartment.

Import substitution for the president's cortege

Naturally, no one will disclose the details of the movement of the motorcade of the president and prime minister, but there are some points in the public domain. From a comment on the information panels of the GON Museum:

“The main thing that can be said is that the cortege always has the main car in which the protected person moves. Everything else - depending on the situation, the situation and the place of the event attended. If this is a solemn ceremony of inauguration of the President of Russia - the motorcade has one composition; if a working trip to the regions of the country - a different composition; if the official visit to a foreign state is the third. At the same time, the main car is not always a luxury limousine. For example, they could be the yellow Lada Kalina, in which the president traveled along the Khabarovsk-Chita highway, or the TREKOL all-terrain vehicle, which was used during the head of state's trip to the Arctic. During official visits, the Aurus Senate Limousine is used, and when traveling around the country, the Aurus Senate sedan is also used.”

A few more iconic exhibits of the FSO Museum are special communications equipment, the hunting "Volga" by Leonid Brezhnev and the "Gelendvagen" by Boris Yeltsin

If the program of a trip around the country provides for joint travel (for example, with a group of regional leaders), then a minibus can also be the main vehicle. If a trip is planned through terrain with difficult terrain, then off-road vehicles can be used.

From left to right. 1. Military uniform of the military personnel of the Federal Security Service of Russia, carrying out operational guard and guard duty. 2. The uniform of military personnel of the combat units of the protection of the FSO of Russia. 3. Uniform of military personnel of special forces units of the FSO of Russia. 4. Special uniform of the military personnel of the Presidential Regiment. 5. The uniform of the servicemen of the canine units of the Federal Security Service of Russia. Author's photo

A motorcycle escort is not used when moving motorcades with the first persons of the country. The only exception is the inauguration ceremony of the President of Russia. Initially, the Honorary Escort was created to accompany foreign delegations arriving in our country on an official visit. The structure of the motorcade and the number of motorcycles in this case depend, among other things, on protocol subtleties. For example, on whether the distinguished guest arrives alone or with his wife.

"Aurus Senat" of the President of Russia and the ceremonial cabriolet of the Minister of Defense Shoigu

"Auruses" President Putin has been using since May 7, 2018, and since that time, the developers assure that imported components are used less and less in the car. But the models in the exposition of components indicate that the cars of the first persons of the country are seriously dependent on the technologies of unfriendly countries. Below is a gallery illustrating the level of use of imported components in cars for the first persons of the state.

Traction battery of a hybrid power plant

Automatic transmission Russian from the company "KATE"

598-horsepower Aurus engine and imported components in its design. Some of them are difficult to replace overnight

Museum exhibit illustrating the layout of the "Aurus"

Of course, some of the imported Aurus units can be painlessly replaced. For example, an Austrian oil filter. But the cylinder block, which is cast in Germany and the turbocharger from Japan, will not be easy to recreate in Russia. And if it does, then with a serious decrease in resource and quality. At least for the first time. However, if you look under the hoods of Soviet limousines, then it is very difficult to find an item of imported origin there. And if it succeeds, it will be an insignificant detail, or from the countries of the Warsaw Pact. Still, several decades of destruction of the technological base of the automotive industry have made themselves felt, and we cannot do without imported components even on the cars of the country's top officials.

Comments

[Mordvin 3]

As Yashka Wallet robbed Lenin, GON appeared.

[Stas157]

What the highest dignitaries will ride is not a serious problem at all. I assure you, they won’t be left without wheels! The global problem is what they will ride
all the people. A simple Lada Vesta turned out to be impossible to do without the West.

. we cannot do without imported components even on the machines of the country's top officials.

Let them transfer to Grant. It was completely imported. Without airbags, ABS and automatic transmission.

[Civil]

The Owner's horse must always be thoroughbred, well-groomed and fed.

[Paladin]

A simple Lada Vesta turned out to be impossible to do without the West.

There is a small moment here. If any, I emphasize, ANY, "great" automobile power hit at least half of the sanctions that they hit us, then their entire auto industry is perhaps even worse than ours, because globalization and interstate cooperation, well, maybe except for China and Iran. And so, taking into account the fact that most of the factories of the so-called. screwdriver assembly we built on the conditions of maximum localization of the production of components in our country, in Russia, I think we can handle it on the sly.

[Stas157]

Quote: Paladin

If any, I emphasize, ANY, the "great" automotive power to hit at least half of the sanctions that they hit us, then their entire auto industry has stopped

And why did the USSR easily make cars, it is in the category any is it not included? And he was also under sanctions!

The West will survive our sanctions somehow. And even more so, he will be able to produce cars. Therefore, your logic only works in favor of the poor.
For nine years we have been intensively replacing imports ... but in reality it turned out to be a zilch!

Quote: Paladin

I think we'll manage

Lada Granta has already begun to be produced. But cars are more complicated without China - no way.

[Paladin]

Why the USSR

Because we are talking about now, not about then. Then they had localized up to 100% and we have.

our sanctions will somehow survive

Not ours, but the same as us, read carefully.

For nine years we have been intensively import substituting

What severe sanctions were introduced 9 years ago were successfully replaced by imports. And engines for helicopters and pumps for the oil industry and much more. It will take a little more time to deal with this. Otherwise, we are not in a magical country for maximalist children, where everything is done at the click of a finger.

The West will survive our sanctions somehow.

Well, let's see who has a thicker gut. Russia has more experience in overcoming sanctions than the United States, the first ones were back in 1548. (some say that 1958), I personally am calm.

[TreeSmall]

Then they had localized up to 100% and we

May I know when "then"? (what years)
And do you have it in which industry or for which car?

Cars and trucks, motorcycles, tractors, buses - import dependence, %.

On what machines, equipment was all this made?

Metal-cutting and woodworking machines, forging and pressing equipment, electric motors and generators - import dependence, %.

PySy. If memory serves, then titanium (spongy) for the first "goldfish" was imported from Finland, and relatively decent noiselessness of the propulsion unit for nuclear submarines was obtained on illegally imported CNC machines from Hitachi / Japan will not let you lie / ☝️

[Paladin]

May I know when "then"?

Why are you asking a question if you are answering it yourself? You 5 for homework)))

On what machines, equipment was all this made?

The topic is generally not about machine tools, titanium, and submarines.
And in general, following from your graphs, import dependence in the region of 10% is nothing. For example, the import dependence of Boeing and Airbus on us fluctuates around 50%. By the way, take an interest in where the Boeing 787 and 747 Dreamlifter were designed, an interesting discovery awaits you))))))
But this is not the point, the point is that you missed - "interstate cooperation" and now they have it much wider and they are significantly more dependent on it, as our colleague pointed out to you below.

[TreeSmall]

Thanks for the "5" I'll go get a pie
- graphics are not mine

this is nothing

-and you wrote about 100% localization.
10+100=110% ? However, you have a shag…. Specific.
Yes, and not 10% there ☝️ No need to change shoes in flight and pull this thing on the same thing.
And what about Boeing and the USA?
It's about us. Why engage in demagoguery
And yes - no there 50%.
And all that is: they will replace quickly.

interstate cooperation

Show me a tonic example over the past 100 years when they dressed one of them with sanctions

[Paladin]

It's about us. Why engage in demagoguery

Well, you are slipping from the topic under discussion and the current situation to submarines and machine tools and from Russia to the USSR ... Why do you think that they won’t point out to you or won’t do the same?

graphics are not mine

Your graphics, until another source is indicated, serious work, well done)))

And not 10% there

10% is really nothing. However, if you look closely at your own charts, you can see even without a magnifying glass that the periods of zero import dependence in our industry are quite long. Well, what are you getting out of, no need))

And what about Boeing and the USA? And yes - no there 50%.

I'll explain with my fingers.
Despite the fact that the sanctions imposed on us still hit them more than us. And not only in the United States, the lack of sanctioned raw materials, components, technologies stop factories in Europe.
And yes, there are more than 50%, I averaged it a little and was modest.)))))))
This is what I meant by interstate cooperation. So it's clearer.
PS As for sanctions and examples... Did you notice the word "IF" in my first comment?

[Martin]

Quote: Stas157

The West will survive our sanctions somehow. And even more so, he will be able to produce cars. Therefore, your logic only works in favor of the poor.

The West can hardly survive its own sanctions! Russia has not yet imposed any sanctions on them. Even worse. The Western auto industry is beginning to bend and without any sanctions at all (both ours and our imaginary ones). When wiring harnesses stopped coming from country 404 (and they were integrated into the Western auto industry), BMW and Volkswagen were forced (attention!) to stop production. And no, this is not Kremlin propaganda, this is the Fannational Times.
So you are overly optimistic about the Western auto industry.

[TreeSmall]

If any, I emphasize, ANY, "great" automobile power get at least half of those sanctions,

They (any) are not threatened. This can end

[Paladin]

Indeed, you can finish, because, as our colleague said again, they cannot bear themselves.)))

[TreeSmall]

What is my colleague?
You constantly pick on the wrong part of your body/soul

[Paladin]

Do you want to touch the topic of transition to the individual? The word "colleague" did not apply to you. Naturally, you are not a colleague, but, to put it mildly, an opponent)))))))

[Petrik66]

and let's our president will ride a taxi, or even better, on a bicycle. So that such demagogues can calm down. Your favorite clown was riding a bike in the movie, so why doesn't he continue?

[Kim]

Kennedy wanted to be closer to the people. And yet he was.
By the way, with the beginning of the NWO, those who wanted to transplant our top onto bikes, etc., abruptly quieted down. Coincidence ? don't think :)

[parusnik]

When Lenin came to power, he abandoned the motorcade, although he willingly used cars from the emperor's garage.

And so, since February they have been standing in the garage, gathering dust, no one has used them ..

[Mordvin 3]

Quote: parusnik

And so, since February they have been standing in the garage, gathering dust, no one has used them ..

Used. Yashka Lenin's Purse slowed down. And since he was deaf, he did not catch the name of Lenin. Levin! And I'm Yashka Koshelek! Then he turned on, but did not catch up.

[Grim Reaper]

Quote: mordvin xnumx

Quote: parusnik

And so, since February they have been standing in the garage, gathering dust, no one has used them ..

Used. Yashka Lenin's Purse slowed down. And since he was deaf, he did not catch the name of Lenin. Levin! And I'm Yashka Koshelek! Then he turned on, but did not catch up.

Lenin, Levin, just one letter, but what a difference!
;)

[Waterways 672]

Adolf Kegress, the tsar's personal chauffeur and mechanic, as well as a part-time inventor, used the best tsar's car (I don't remember the brand) for personal purposes. After the February Revolution, he took his family to Finland by car, from where he went to his historical homeland, France. The car was successfully sold to the Finns.

[Dedok]

pleased with this passage:
"At the entrance, one of the first models of the future Aurus Senat flaunts, in which the imitation of the ZIS-110 style is clearly visible"
but if we, the readers, saw nothing besides the ZIS-110, then it would be fine;
and when you look at a Rolls or a Bentley, "many features" are visible;
and in terms of "import substitution" - so, except for the iron and the labor of our people, there is nothing of ours, from the word with all!
and museums of technology, the country needs

[kor1vet1974]

we cannot do without imported components even on the machines of the country's top officials.

To do this, it was necessary to destroy the domestic auto industry.

[KrolikZanuda]

With Aurus, a cool cut of money came out, one can only admire. How are cars built for the first persons of the state all over the world? They take a serial bucket, book it, it's ready - the costs are minimal. As they did in Russia - they designed an armored bucket and launched it with production at a horse price at the exit. Although it was possible to take the GAZ-2330 and make a family of cars for the president and others like him on its basis, since it was not like a kid to drive a Mercedes)

[Alf]

Quote: KrolikZanuda

. Although it was possible to take the GAZ-2330 and make a family of cars for the president and others like him on its basis,

Too late with a smart idea.

[ramzay21]

It was necessary to leave ZIL and Volga for officials, so that they thought about how to develop the country in general and the auto industry in particular so that the Volga and ZIL from completely domestic components were not inferior to Mercedes and Lexus. They don’t have brains or they can’t let them drive a black Volga with a carburetor and without air conditioning.

[LastPS]

What serial bucket can be taken in Russia to do this? The Volga is no more, and the Vases won't fit. In addition, they don’t do that now, the American presidential Cadillac only looks like a production model, but in fact it has as much in common with a production model as a conditional rally Peugeot has with a production one, that is, practically nothing.

[sash-sash]

In the early 90s, I rode a Zil-117 a little ... Monstrous handling, a rolled primitive "barge". disgusting driving position, uncomfortable everything you can imagine.
I'm waiting for the opportunity to compare with Aurus - something tells me that it will be just as far to Merina and BMW

[Vladimir Michailovich]

And in my opinion, you didn’t go to the ZIL-117, but in an ambulance to the Kashchenko clinic, and even then as a passenger.

[sash-sash]

Where and why is this stupid rudeness? ...
In the 90s, we remade cars to order, incl. and ZIL was at work.
Naturally traveled.

[ramzay21]

And who destroyed the special workshop that produced unique limousines on ZiL, together with ZiL itself, and dispersed unique specialists? The answer is obvious, this is Putin, he did not need our factories.

[Pavel57]

Quote: mordvin xnumx

As Yashka Wallet robbed Lenin, GON appeared.

Comrade Lenin drove a car from the garage of Nicholas II.

[Arabfun]

Everyone will tell you this