On the protection of automotive and light armored vehicles in the special operation "Z"
to fully meet
Invasion of Nazi Germany...
The enemy was stopped
and then crush, but at a colossal price...
Those who claim world domination ... declare us, Russia,
your enemy. They really have big
financial, scientific, technological and military capabilities ...
…we will strive for the demilitarization and denazification of Ukraine.
…our actions are self-defense against the threats posed to us
and from an even greater disaster than the one that is happening today
President of the Russian Federation V. V. Putin, February 24.02.2022, XNUMX
The problem of security of automotive and light armored vehicles
A couple of weeks ago, a photograph of a Tiger car with a handicraft, but very optimally executed additional protection, was published on the “military informant” telegram channel.
There were no details, but given the fact that the "Tigers" are also used by "specially special polite people", it is highly likely that this competent revision was carried out for.
At the same time, an extremely tough and acute question arises - where are the full-time, developed by specialists, tested, repeatedly shown at various exhibitions, sets of additional protection for equipment ?!
First of all, this applies not even to automotive vehicles (for all the acuteness and relevance of this issue), but to light armored vehicles (infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers, MBDs and vehicles based on them), which directly on the “front end” participate in combat with an enemy that has effective artillery, massive modern anti-tank weapons and a significant number of automatic guns, heavy large-caliber sniper rifles.
Speaking about our light armored vehicles, first of all, it must be emphasized that the armor protection of the BMP-2, similar to that of the BMP-1, is slightly better tank BT-7 of the second half of the 30s. last century.
A close analogue of the BPM-3 in terms of armor protection is the “almost mobilization tank of 41.” T-60. In mass armored personnel carriers and infantry fighting vehicles - armor protection does not even reach the level of the T-26 tank of the 30s.
For this reason, in Afghanistan, we widely used BMP-2D with enhanced armor protection (additional armor due to the abandonment of buoyancy).
At the same time, work was launched to strengthen the protection of vehicles and tanks. Alas, this experience was almost forgotten immediately after Afghanistan. As a result, in the beginning of the Chechen war, personnel often carried out re-armoring of combat vehicles by “local means”.
From the "centralized measures" one can note the mass equipping of the T-62 tanks widely used in the second Chechen company with anti-cumulative gratings from the Research Institute of Steel (first used in Afghanistan).
"2017 and before"
From an interview with D. Kupryunin, General Director of JSC "Scientific Research Institute of Steel", "Arms Export" magazine No. 5, 2017 ( link):
- That's a very difficult question. After all, the thickness of the armor of lightly armored vehicles is such that when the remote sensing is triggered, the opposite effect can occur and cracks appear in the armor.
But the Research Institute of Steel had experience, and when BMP-3 infantry fighting vehicles were delivered to the UAE, for the first time, DZ was used in series, which protected the combat vehicle.
For the Emirati side, the Research Institute of Steel specially carried out R & D and developed a DZ for it. It was a major contract, NII Stali then equipped 150 vehicles with dynamic protection ...
... DZ was also installed on the BMP-2 and on the armored personnel carrier. But in experimental execution, since the Ministry of Defense does not yet want to accept these DZ sets for service. Although abroad, DZ is on almost all light vehicles. This is a kind of constant polemic with the military.
For example, we recently held a very fruitful meeting with the leadership of the Airborne Forces ... And following the results of the meeting, we were given the task of making additional protection for the Airborne Forces vehicles, and with the possibility of optional installation. And on this issue, a technical task is being prepared.
In principle, we believe that any type of armored vehicles should have the option of installing additional protection.
If we briefly turn to historical experience, then the first measures to enhance the protection of light armored vehicles were screens - back in the late 30s. last century.
The outbreak of World War II led to a variety of experiments (such as Zimmerit coating for the Germans and concrete for us). American "Shermans" in Europe were massively hung with sandbags (despite the fierce resistance of some American generals).
At the same time, at the end of the war, the first anti-cumulative mesh wire gratings appeared on our tanks, and by no means always handicraft ones, in 1945 they were manufactured in a semi-industrial form by tank repair shops and put on our tanks.
Of the latest experiments, one can note the “anti-Javelin visors”, which were recently widely installed on our tanks (and even sung by some popular print media). The fact that they are practically not observed on footage from the war zone recently suggests that their effectiveness has logically turned out to be far from expected. At the same time, the matter is most likely in the course (instead of attracting specialized specialists). The very principle of a "protective umbrella" against ammunition striking from above is certainly true, the question is in its correct technical implementation. That is, we need specialists, not handicrafts.
2020 "The process has begun" ... it seems
Source - the website of the Research Institute of Steel (niistali.ru), publication of 2020:
Back in the early 2010s, the Ministry of Defense was quite skeptical about such improvements to combat vehicles. A project of a special body kit for tanks - the so-called "urban combat kit" - began several times, and then unexpectedly ended.
Many Russian military experts criticized the American experience of equipping armored vehicles with additional protection during the fighting in Iraq. Also, Ukrainian "bed" tanks, infantry fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers received extremely negative reviews ...
In several works and materials of scientific and practical conferences, specialists from the Russian military department explained the shortcomings of additional armor protection. In particular, gratings load the undercarriage of combat vehicles. This leads to possible breakdowns, as well as premature use of the resource.
The real main reason for the objections to the gratings is the significant reduction in their "anti-HEAT effectiveness" against new anti-tank ammunition. However, here, in combination with other means of protection, their certain effectiveness remains, but their main positive factor (according to the results of real hostilities) and the Ukrainian experience will be discussed below.
The problem of the resource of equipment with additional armor (and increased mass) has been acute since the first experiments of the 30s, however, it has quite optimal design solutions - with a reasonable combination of protection issues (including additional), mobility and reliability. Actually, this is the work of military science (moreover, jointly with industry), and not so often our fantastic dreams that military equipment "dig the earth and fly into space" (and also have a "red button" "all enemies at once" ).
Yes, gratings tend to be damaged, which in peacetime also does not please either personnel or superiors. However, in war, both the equipment itself and those who are in it tend to be damaged (including fatally). And the military machine (and equipment) is actually not created for parades.
Well, the well-known - “a promising system is planned” and “well, we are not 41 years old, and the war is not on our territory” ( link) some of our superiors and part of our "military science" (in quotation marks).
Just one example, the article "Armoring military vehicles":
As BAT will be covered completely, it is proposed to use external video cameras to control the machine (they are widely used in the passenger car industry), which will entail an increase in the visual overview of the area from the driver's workplace and the older car ...
The means of reducing visibility applied to the protective coating (including nanostructured ones) will solve a number of problems ...
And so on, and these (“nanostructured light elastic coatings with video cameras”) “convulsions of thought” (censoredly speaking) of our “military science”, this, excuse me, is not REN TV, not “famous popular prints”, but the magazine of the Military Academy General Staff (VAG GSh) "Military Thought", No. 10, 2010
As a result of such a “flight in space” of our “military science” (quotes will be correct here), in reality today we have vehicles in the combat zone, “re-armored” by personnel forces, including just “firewood”!
Further (an article from 2020 on the website of the Research Institute of Steel):
At the Army-2019 forum, Sergey Abdulov, chief designer of the Special Design Bureau of Mechanical Engineering JSC, said that “BMP-3 infantry fighting vehicles, already delivered and planned for delivery to the Russian army, will soon receive additional protection in the form of anti-cumulative grids and steel screens to protect against RPG shots. The first screens will receive the BMP-3, which the Ministry of Defense is purchasing under a contract for the supply of 168 combat vehicles until 2021 in the amount of 14 billion rubles. It is planned that "treshki" will replenish the fleet of combat vehicles of the Southern Military District. Judging by the statement of the general designer of JSC "SKBM", the "three rubles" received by the military department under contracts of 2015-2017 will also be finalized for the installation of additional armor protection. Then about 200 combat vehicles were delivered.
And in the same place:
A very simple and very complex question arises at the same time - where is all this on the equipment going into battle in "special operation Z"?
"Ukrainian experience"
"Cracking" (and other options for strengthening protection) of armored vehicles with the start of the operation against Novorossia became massive in the Armed Forces of Ukraine (AFU). Moreover, as a rule, they did not think about real anti-cumulative effectiveness, they cooked what was, sometimes at the level of grates from a cemetery.
In our media and the Internet a lot of fun about this. However, real combat operations opened up factors that were not previously mentioned even by experts.
Based on real combat experience in the Armed Forces of Ukraine, it was found that no more than 10% of RPG grenades were broken by makeshift gratings, all the rest worked - with a regular penetration of armor (often both sides). However, a significant increase in the firing distance of grenades from the armor led (despite its penetration by a cumulative jet) to a sharp decrease in the armor action of the ammunition and a significant reduction in personnel losses.
At the same time, the effectiveness of the “correct” gratings (from RPG-7 grenades), which were regularly equipped in the Armed Forces of the BTR-4 and BTR-3, was confirmed.
It should be noted here that the high efficiency of the “correct gratings” and the massive failures of old expired rocket-propelled grenades (of the “Fly” type and others) among the Donbass militia led to a fairly wide distribution and use of anti-tank rifles left in warehouses since the war (despite all the problems with their use, known from the experience of the Great Patriotic War, which led to the almost complete abandonment of them by the end of 1944).
That is, the experience of 8 years of war in the Donbass gave a very valuable combat experience, which, however, was almost completely ignored by the relevant central bodies of the RF Ministry of Defense.
2022 Special operation of the RF Armed Forces
A few photographs that fully characterize the situation with the additional armoring of our equipment in the combat zone.
Motor transport.
Light armored vehicles (BMP-2).
I repeat - this is our equipment, not the Armed Forces of Ukraine (they have long since switched from “fences” to “correct lattices”), not the “Ukrainian” territorial defense, but ours. Those who wish can easily find even more picturesque similar photographs. And the main question is not in the exterior of this, but in the extremely low efficiency - with an obvious extreme need.
At the same time, it should be emphasized that even such means of protection are far from useless. Yes, of course, tree trunks will not stop a bullet from an effective distance, but many fragments are quite. So such an initiative by military personnel on the ground is quite appropriate and reasonable.
But a simple question arises - where are the regular, correct, developed by specialists and quite effective means of additional protection for automotive and light armored vehicles? So where is it all?
On all, absolutely all, photos and video materials, both of the enemy and of our side, both semi-official, from the people's republics and structures of A. Kadyrov, and officialdom (including accredited military journalists), they are simply absent. Both at the beginning of the operation, and now - more than a month later (despite all the losses incurred and the abandonment of the territory previously liberated from the "ukrovermacht"). Everything that was occasionally found in these materials is self-made handicraft.
Or we have "all the money went to parades and" Statuses-6 ( link) and Co"?
Who bears personal responsibility for the current situation?
PS
Additional protection of equipment is not only the saved lives and combat effectiveness of military personnel, it is a significantly increased capabilities of our troops in solving combat missions in the face of active opposition from the enemy - despite the fact that against the backdrop of a special operation in Ukraine, we are actually confronted by the most aggressive and militarily strong unit western block. And here comes the question for us: victory or death. In these conditions successful solution of combat missions there is our tomorrow, the future of the whole country.
Obviously, the mobilization of all the forces of the state for victory is needed, the troops must have everything that is possible for this.
And here additional means of protecting equipment are quite effective, inexpensive means that our industry is able to provide to our military in the shortest possible time (no import substitution is needed here.
I emphasize that even the low effectiveness of such means as gratings against modern anti-tank weapons is more than offset by a sharp decrease in the armor action of ammunition and a significant reduction in personnel losses (for infantry fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers).
And the need to equip a significant part of vehicles in the combat zone with bulletproof / splinter protection is all the more undeniable.
At the same time, it is also important to preserve the navigability of the equipment, either by providing the possibility of removing additional protection, or by installing buoyancy blocks on it (which can also be relevant as an “anti-javelin” factor for reducing thermal visibility), or by keeping part of the armored vehicles in a floating version.
Information