Under the wing of a white eagle. Armored locomotive Ti3

What do you think, which country before the Second World War had the largest fleet of armored trains, after the USSR?

No, they didn’t guess.

Poland.

Armored locomotive Ti3

Historically, the formation after the First World War in this country was by no means peaceful. A series of uprisings and conflicts. War with Soviet Russia in 1918-1921.

It got to the point that about a hundred different armored trains were rolled along the rails of the Commonwealth. Different composition and weapons, with various armored or conventional locomotives.

After the end of the war with the USSR, in 1921, it was decided to leave 12 of the most modern armored trains in service.

In November 1926, it was time to standardize locomotives as well. It was taken as a basis Prussian steam locomotive G5 (3 series).

How did they end up in Poland?

As a result of the First World War, Germany transferred 16 of these freight locomotives. All of them were transferred for the needs of the military. They were assigned the Ti3 index.

What did they represent?

An outdated, in general, steam locomotive, produced in 1903-1906 at six German enterprises. They were released in a fairly small series - 206 pieces. We can say that it was a "transitional model" from the outdated G5 (1 and 2 series) to the more modern G 5 (4 series).

No outstanding technical data:

Axial formula 1–3–0.
Weight - 80 tons without tender.
Machine power 1000 l / s.
The maximum speed is 65 km / h.
Operating speed - 45 km / h.
Coal reserve - 7 (8) tons.
Water reserve - 12 m3, in the enlarged tender - 16 m3.
Power reserve on coal - 300 km, on water - 70-80 km or three hours of work.

True, the locomotive had a small axle load - 14,7 tons, which attracted the ability to hang sufficient armor.

What, in general, the Poles took advantage of - the mass of protection reached 13 tons. It consisted of sheets 8–20 mm thick.

Reservation

On booking it is worth staying separately.

Having extensive experience in fighting on the railways, the so-called "Warsaw armor" was used - when the armor plates on locomotives and armored cars had a rounding up. On a locomotive, sheets of steel were attached at some distance from the main body. Fastening method - riveted or bolted.

Why booking "Warsaw"? All work was carried out in the main railway workshops of Warsaw - Prague (Prague is a working district of the Polish capital, not to be confused with the capital of the Czech Republic).

It is worth noting that the booking was not the same. No matter how hard they tried, unification for cutting steel sheets, technological hatches, viewing windows and doors did not work.

The modernization of the tender was also interesting - on top, immediately behind the cab of the locomotive brigade, the workplace of the commander of the armored train was equipped. A separate room with a partition from the driver's booth, equipped with an observation tower and means of communication: a radio station, a telephone for communicating with the cars and a light alarm in case of an emergency.

The crew of the armored locomotive consisted of a driver, an assistant, a fireman, a train commander and a signalman.

In 1939, the Polish army had 10 regular armored trains, one training and two improvised, for coastal defense. Not all of them were equipped with armored locomotives - some met the blows of the Wehrmacht with ordinary, "black" locomotives. But everyone had to fight. After the defeat of Poland in 1939, the Germans got seven armored trains in various technical conditions. After the repair work, they were able to use three Ti3 armored locomotives as part of their armored trains.

Three "fortresses on wheels" were captured by the Red Army, after which they were used to protect railways as part of the NKVD troops.

And then there was an attack on the USSR in June 1941, and some armored locomotives once again had to change owners. But that's a separate conversation.

So the combat life of Ti3 was short, but bright.

Comments

[The leader of the Redskins]

I hope that the continuation of the cycle will "dilute" the negativity that has been "enveloping" us lately.
Thanks in advance to the commenters. As you can see, I try to improve and listen to the wishes)

[210ox]

Thank you. And then the "waiting for war" was rather tiring.

[Alien From]

I join! Thanks Leader! Ukraine in the liver already!

[Catfish]

Igor, thanks.
It is a pity that there are no photos of armored cars and data on artillery.
And what about the next change of owners, did the Germans capture the former “Poles” from us, or vice versa?
Here I found a photo, it looks like just a "Pole", but, unfortunately, it is not dated.

[The leader of the Redskins]

This is "Courageous". He is one of the "old men"))) He began his "life" somewhere at the end of WWI (I don't want to dig into the sources) and then, after the upgrades, he fought in WWII. A photo from when he was "young".
In general, on armored trains, you can write a monograph on each monograph, this is a time-consuming task.
And in terms of armament, the Poles put 75 (our re-barreled "three-inch") and 100 mm howitzers. Looks like Czech. Machine guns - MG 7, 92.

[3x3zsave]

My respect, Uncle Kostya! I apologize for the incident inspired by me!
Uncle, forgive the asshole, huh?

[Catfish]

Hello Anton!
Yes, I sneeze at all these "incidents", you have nothing to apologize for.

[3x3zsave]

If I think it is, then it is. Internal security of conscience, you know...

[Avior]

Thank you for distracting us from the negative.
Great article. And the topic is unknown.

[depressant]

Good evening, dear friends! )))
Thanks to Igor for deciding to talk about the retro theme of locomotive technology. For some reason, I love that time without an attachment to politics. But you can't get away from her.
Poland received trains from the Entente. Of these, 22 armored trains under the white and red flag participated in the Soviet-Polish war. In heavy battles, the Poles lost 12 armored trains, but the production of this type of military equipment in Poland itself only increased. Hence the number of armored trains that Igor is talking about. In addition, it happened that armored trains fell to the Poles as trophies.

[depressant]

Interest Ask. Why, in fact, did Poland increase the production of armored trains between the two world wars? And the idea was - "Poland from sea to sea." That is why this country, not for a moment relaxing its aggressive foreign policy, actively participated in the redistribution of the political map of Eastern Europe.
For example, in 1921-1922, it seized the richest, industrialized Upper Silesia (coal mines, steel mills) from Germany, weakened by the defeat in the First World War, and in 1920 occupied the Vilna region of Lithuania, then in 1938, demanding from Lithuania the recognition of this region an integral part of Poland. And in the same year she sent her troops into the Teshin region of Czechoslovakia, declaring it her own and demanding that the government of Czechoslovakia recognize this fact as legal. Here is such an amazing behavior of the Poles. So is it any wonder that Poland needed such an absurdly large number of armored trains?

[The leader of the Redskins]

I agree with you.
"Dizziness" from success happens not only among artists, but also in politics.
But if we return to the armored trains, then the Poles considered them as an important tactical unit on the battlefield. On the offensive, it supports with fire and breaks into the battle formations of the enemy, while retreating, it covers its refusing troops with a powerful barrage of fire. In addition, light tanks on platforms that can move out and maneuver.
They are stuck in their victories of the interwar period. The Germans - they relied on mobility in all directions, and the Poles considered the railway almost like the main arteries.

[depressant]

"Hyena of Europe..."
So the Poles had an army - as many as one million people! In times of peace! These are 30 infantry divisions, 1 cavalry division and separate cavalry brigades, as well as other army units. But! ... This army was equipped mainly with obsolete weapons. And the tanks were obsolete, and the planes (out of a thousand, half could not take to the air at all). And since the 20s, the Poles could not do anything about it. They simply did not have money for modernization!
And exactly the same story with armored trains. The Poles limited themselves only to their patching, which they called modernization and standardization. In general, war is an expensive undertaking. And before you indulge your own aggressive ambitions, you need to figure out what the power of your own economy is. And this capacity is determined by industry and agricultural production, and not by money collected in any fund that the enemy can block at any moment. They say - now I don’t remember exactly that either in the first month of the war, or in the first three months, more than 30% of weapons perish. And in order to wage a war to a victorious end, it is necessary to have an industry capable of continuously replenishing the loss of armaments. I doubt that it was the case with the Poles.

[Constanty]

Strongly demagogic record without understanding the reasons for this state of affairs.

In fact, the Polish army in the interwar period was an army of high strength.
However, this was not due to aggressive intentions, but to the presence of aggressive, hostile neighbors.
However, the most important factor determining the size of the Polish army was politics, or rather, the Polish-French alliance.
It was France (which, unfortunately, was then a strategic ally of Poland) that needed an active army of 30 so-called. "large military units" - divisions.

This army was equipped mainly with obsolete weapons. And the tanks were obsolete, and the planes (out of a thousand, half could not take to the air at all). And since the 20s, the Poles could not do anything about it. They simply did not have money for modernization!

In fact, only the last phrase is true here - there was no money for the actual modernization of the army.
What about weapons? Tanks? In the 1920s it was the world standard - Renault FT, in the 1930s Poland entered the war with 7TP tanks - by analogy with the Soviet T-26 - a licensed version of the English Vickers Six Ton, or TK-3 / TKS wedges based on the Cardin design Lloyd - similar to the Soviet tankette T-27.
Aircraft? In the mid-1930s, starting from scratch, its own aviation industry was created, and the PZL-23 Karaś or PZL-24 aircraft were among the best designs of the time. Similarly, in the second half of the 1930s PZL-37B Łoś. Unfortunately, due to the lack of appropriate engines and the really rapid development of aviation in the mid-1930s, Polish aviation turned out to be obsolete by the beginning of the war. Not only in terms of equipment or numbers, but also conceptually.

[Kote Pan Kokhanka]

To be honest, the first tank with a diesel engine was put into production in Poland 14TR.
Yes, and the pans planned to fight Germany on foreign territory and with little bloodshed.

[Constanty]

Minor fix - it was 7TP - among the first production tanks with a diesel engine ((some studies give priority to the Japanese Typ 89 OTSU tank). Interestingly, this decision was criticized and it was planned to return to a gasoline engine in finishing versions.

14TP is a project, or even just incorrect information from Abwehr

[Catfish]

14TP is a project

Yes, but the project is solid, I don’t know what Abwehr unearthed there, but Vicky says that:

weaponry
The caliber and brand of the gun is 1 × wz. 37 Bofors L/45
Type of gun automatic anti-tank
Barrel Length, 37 Caliber
Ammunition 80 guns
Machine guns 2 × Ckm wz.30
Other armament 1 × 45 mm anti-tank gun
Mobility
Engine type 12-cylinder Maybach, carbureted, cooled
Engine power, l. with. Xnumx
Highway speed, km / h 50
Rough ground speed, km / h 21,4
Cruising on highway, km 210
Cruising cross country, km 130
Specific power, l. s / t 21,4

It wasn't diesel.
There is no real photo, but in the "Tank Toy" the artists figured out its appearance.))

Funny it was classified in Poland - "14TP, stands for 14-ton Polish (Polish 14-tonowy polski) - a Polish medium tank, the project of which was never completed. According to the classification, it belonged to the so-called" light assault tanks "(Polish lekki czolg szturmowy).
Interestingly, he was well armored, but what could he storm in such weapons?

[Catfish]

Here is such an amazing behavior of the Poles

Nothing surprising, because it was not for nothing that Sir Winston gave such a murderous definition to the lordly Poland - "Poland is the hyena of Europe." That says it all.

Good evening, Lyudmila.

[depressant]

Good evening, Kostya! )))
To be honest, I thought that for at least another month I would not want to go to the forums. Somehow, this whole current political agenda didn’t exactly strain me, it seemed to me insulting for a normal person. I just drooped. And here - Igor's article about ancient times, and something so distant and safe wafted - it was and has passed and let it not come back again. And the old world is full of charm! How I love the film "The Time Machine" by HG Wells - there are marvelous actors, and what music! And there is this - the game of the human mind with technology. Steam locomotives are from that category of technology that required the direct participation of a person in her life. And not as it is now - technology instead of man.

[Catfish]

Yes, you spit on all this. Go to Opinions, there is a new article by Privalov "The Battle of the Sea Giants", the article is simply magnificent.

[Phil77]

"The article is simply luxurious."
++++++++!
However? Like the article of the respected Igor!

[Catfish]

Seryozha, hi!
How is life in the Mother See?

[Phil77]

Hi Konstantin!
Yes, as always. It got warmer, they were afraid of a strong wind, but so far there is silence. No change, which is not bad in principle. For lately they have only been happening for the worse.

[Catfish]

We are also warm, but there is a breeze.
Do not be sad, the main thing is that we are alive in spite of all enemies.

[Phil77]

"Do not be sad..."
Yes, fig, fig. Lately I just *filter* the news.

[Catfish]

I don’t watch them at all, why ruin my mood.

[Korsar4]

“- All is clear, delirium tremens.
- What?
- Delirium tremens…
“Yes, yes, white, hot, completely white!” (from).

[Catfish]

"The white stork is flying ..." (c)
Or just white.

[Korsar4]

Such nuts will not gnaw.

[Catfish]

Rather, she will gnaw her throat.

[Phil77]

Lyudmila Yakovlevna, good morning!
I join the words of the respected Konstantin.
Try to pay less attention to modernity. Well, why do you need this?! Neither you nor I simply can change anything.

[depressant]

Good morning, Sergey Vladimirovich! )))
Well, how not to pay attention to modernity? After the fall of the USSR, the hands of the ruling circles were untied. The game of so-called democracy is curtailing all over the world and the further, the more actively. Everywhere there is an attack on the rights of workers. And in order to informationally cover up this meanness, to distract the population from what is happening, any dirty methods are chosen. Here, for example, is the noise around the "war of Russia against Ukraine." Yes, it's good for everyone! And to us, and to the States and to all other Europeans. Because, on the one hand, it is extremely convenient for all governments to cover up their own managerial incompetence in building a post-industrial society, on the other hand, to relieve themselves of the blame for the growing economic crisis, on the third hand, the heads of government to sit in their places and so on. And ordinary citizens of all countries should pay for all this disgrace - I emphasize this - resignedly pay! We are already paying. And we will be more. We need a rattle so that we switch our own attention to it. So it was in the First World War, and in the Second, and the third cannot be unleashed for obvious reasons, so you need to rattle its possibility - let everyone be afraid! What a luxurious excuse to suffocate the population.
And now tell me how not to think about it?
When all this hype began, the "Video" section was the first to react to VO. I went in and said, they say, an agreement between Putin and Biden, beneficial to both. What about us?

[Phil77]

Lyudmila Yakovlevna, my dear!
It is precisely because of such "messages" that serious health problems arise. Take care of yourself!

[depressant]

You will not believe! After being vaccinated by my companion, I suddenly felt much better than before. Apparently, the nicotine that my body is saturated with has interacted with covid, they somehow agreed among themselves and began to jointly clean my frail body from other sores )))

[Catfish]

It's all about the choice of medicine, as you choose, so you get sick.

Luda, hello!

[depressant]

Hi Kostya! )))

It's all about the choice of medicine, as you choose, so you get sick.

Thanks for the cartoon! )))
I don’t know how it is with you there in the Ryazan region, but in our suburbs, not even March, but April is trying to come. I judge this by the color of the sky in the clearings between the clouds. In winter, there is no such transparent blue with a greenish tinge. Until the 10th year, it arose on April 1st and lasted only a couple of hours. And in the 10th - a month! I did not know then that this was a harbinger of a terrible heat with the burning of forests and peat bogs. I agree with the heat, but no with the smoke!
But, apparently, winter itself is tired of itself, it is trying to give up positions, to get out somewhere in its lair. Not so much cold as darkness presses.
Long live the world! )))

[Catfish]

We are warm and rainy. But there is one minus - a strong wind, there is only one concern, so long as it does not turn into a very strong one.
As for the rest, you are right, the cold gets it, and the darkness presses. Well, okay - let's break through!

[depressant]

Kostya, this is how every year I break through from winter into summer, and nature comes to meet me - every year spring comes earlier. Forecasters are surprised, not suspecting that this is my doing. )))
And it is impossible to agree with a person alone.

[Catfish]

Forecasters are surprised, not suspecting that this is my doing.

The question of warming is clear, I only welcome it, I hate winter, a phenomenon ungodly to man, because he, a man, is born naked.
New cartoon about the "Crown".

[depressant]

Aha! )))
Omicron... You know, Kostya, I read about 10 years ago that with acute respiratory infections a person sneezes, coughs, he has a runny nose, he loses his taste and smell sensations, he may have a sore throat, ache joints and the whole body.
And no further than today I read in the news that some medical luminary listed all these symptoms of a common acute respiratory disease as signs of an omicron ...
My God! So many forests have burned down in recent years, so many volcanoes have erupted, there have been so many dust storms where they have never been, that all of humanity should choke from coughing and sneezing, and the fact that this does not happen to everyone is simply amazing!
And the fact that suddenly extinction is the so-called disease of lowering social status. Crisis, food becomes more expensive, a person can afford much less than he could afford before, including things. And there are many people who, due to the lowering of their social status (add increasing unemployment and the invasion of migrants), imperceptibly fall into depression, which terribly weakens the body's defense mechanisms. And here they are, diseases - hello! ..
I admit that the ampoules with covid were initially scattered around the world and stepped on with their heels. But they didn't do it anymore. And so now this virus has rapidly degenerated into the format of acute respiratory infections. And they keep repeating and repeating to us, they say, covid, omicron ... They keep repeating and promising a powerful wave in June. So again the ampoules will crush the world. Accompanied by starvation and crisis unemployment, this is the murder of humanity not only and not so much by a virus, but by a decrease in social status.

[Catfish]

Lyuda, no one threw the Covid ampoules anywhere, just the old Earth got sick of the damned humanity, and she decided to get rid of it by all available means.
It is time for us to disappear from the Planet, because we do not carry anything worthwhile with us. Alas und ah! )))))))))))))))))))))))))))) 0

[depressant]

Maybe no one pressed the ampoules.
But for some reason I don't want to disappear. From the face of the earth. On that face, I still have a lot to do, Kostya )))

[Catfish]

But for some reason I don't want to disappear

I have a feeling that it does not depend on us in any way.

[depressant]

it doesn't depend on us anymore.

I have known this caricature for a long time and in many versions. At different times, the idea aroused in me different feelings - from anger to cheerful respect for the Stoics. But for some reason, when I look at it now, I hear Mozart's Requiem.

[Catfish]

The main thing is to be an optimist!
See below, drunk sent myself.

[depressant]

Kostya, yes, you seem to be tied up?
Or ... Or really - burn it all, and long live the feast during the plague?

[Catfish]

"Let's light the fires, pour the glasses, Let's drown the minds of fun
And, having brewed feasts and balls, Let us glorify the kingdom of the Plague. "(c)

I haven't quit, I stop from time to time... when I get bored.

[depressant]

Well, what can I say? Sharma-a-an )))

[Catfish]

The main thing is to be an optimist! Hooray, we'll break through!

I love animals, they don't know how to lie.

[depressant]

And I keep tarring my hellish cheap cigarettes! )))

[Catfish]

We will also pray, but where to go. Man is weak.

[depressant]

What bottles do you drink from? Today in the news there is a charming article that all containers of liquids and packaged products are forced to keep prices unchanged (in logic !!!), reduced in volume. Is it so that the old ladies do not faint at the sight of the price of 1 kg of sugar? I wonder how men react to the reduced displacement? )))

[Catfish]

I wonder how men react to the reduced displacement?

Normally. Drink.

[Phil77]

Ampoules!!! Again these ampoules!

[depressant]

Sergey Vladimirovich, what should I assume when reading that Bill Gates magically owned six billion doses of an antidote a short time after the start of the epidemic? I can assume that these six billion doses were distributed around the world in the form of vaccines, ostensibly developed by various countries - under various local names? We have already discussed this subject.
And by the way, recently, in search of interesting films about the epidemic (and I have already watched dozens of them), I wandered into some kind of review, you know - top 10, top 30, a lot of them, and there is a guy with a big face with painted lips, with eyeliner and a rude voice, he very ironically remarked, they say, one has only to release a film about an epidemic, a virus, a war, or some kind of cataclysm, and so it happens.

[Phil77]

We need to think about the answer. Get up early tomorrow, work! I’ll think and answer. Although on the last point? Well, ideas, they are “in the air” after all. that this little boy? with painted eyes and lips didn’t discover anything new. That’s all for now. He went to gain strength.

[Constanty]

Interestingly, you only select those Winston Churchill quotes that match your vision. It is a pity that you have a different approach to his pre-war words about the USSR. And there were many of them, and to put it mildly, not very favorable to the USSR - it was not for nothing that Churchill was a militant anti-communist

[Catfish]

Kostya, good morning.
I have no other approach to Churchill's words about the USSR, in many respects he was right, but in this case I simply answered Lyudmila about the Teshin region, and that situation looked exactly like that: two predators began to tear their prey, and then Tabaki joined.

[Constanty]

Good morning Kostya
As regards Poland and its occupation of Zaolzie, unfortunately I have to agree. It wasn't even stupid - it was a MISTAKE.

[Catfish]

Enaete, any country, not only ours, is not sinless, about any one can be said in the words of Huberman:
"To my angelic sovereign,
Yes, two angel wings.
But if my grandmother had a penis,
She would be a grandfather. "(c)))))))))))))))

I'm only against animal nationalism, this is squalor. Thank God, we do not seem to suffer from this.

[Constanty]

Thank you for your kind word. . I try to give facts as a historian in one profession.
I am surprised by their denial or denial of records that are only their statement and not opinion. Often because I am a Pole - How else to understand, for example, a minus for a purely informative post? :

Although serial production of the An-2 in the USSR ended in 1971, we must not forget that the aircraft produced in the Polish People's Republic were mainly exported to the USSR. Until 1991, 10 units of this magnificent aircraft were sent from Mielec to the USSR

.

[Catfish]

How else to understand, for example, a minus for a purely informative post? :

Is it worth it to puzzle over something like this and look for convolutions in hamsters? They are international in their cave stupidity. I've recently "fought" with someone here, people do not agree and directly write about it, this is normal, so for which I will put them a minus if nothing can be proved. God be with them - their life - their problems, let them live as they can. I still live "on the other side of the street". So, never mind, and there is nothing to take there.

[Constanty]

and in 1920 it occupied the Vilna region of Lithuania, then in 1938 demanded that Lithuania recognize this region as an integral part of Poland

Vilna region - the share of Poles in the population of the city and its environs has been gradually growing since the First World War. In 1916 they made up half of the inhabitants of Vilnius, in 1919 already 56%, and in 1923 - 60%. And by no means at the expense of the Lithuanians - there were few of them - mainly due to the declining Jewish population.

In 1931, it was calculated (according to the census in the native language) that 66% of the inhabitants were Poles, 28% Jews, 3,75% Russians and less than 1% Lithuanians.

Therefore, after the First World War, Vilnius was as Lithuanian as the Ukrainian Sevastopol (although according to the census, Ukrainians make up less than 23% of the population).

Oh, and Poland "accepted" the request of "Middle Lithuania" to include it in the Polish state - it vividly resembles the current situation with Luhansk and Donetsk

[Blacksmith 55]

Thank you.
Just a question: what was the gauge in Poland?
After all, before the revolution, she was part of the Republic of Ingushetia.

[The leader of the Redskins]

At the beginning of WWII 1435 mm. But whether it was "altered" or remained so historically - alas, I will not say ...

[The leader of the Redskins]

You know, you intrigued me with your question!)
Useful, respected.
So - under the tsars in Poland there were two standard sizes of the railway - our 1524 and the European 1435. As I understand it, those that came from the east (from Moscow, Kiev, and so on) were under our size. And what went to the West (to Germany, France). - European. This introduced some difficulties. A person who arrived in Warsaw, but followed on to Berlin, for example, had to move from one station to another.
But that's not all! During the war of 1918-1921, some sections changed their size several times (!)! Depending on whose power it was!)))

[Blacksmith 55]

I have a driver in my family, I will ask him when we meet, although I don’t think he knows such things. Although everything is possible.
Thanks for the hard work, it's an interesting read.

[Constanty]

After all, before the revolution, she was part of the Republic of Ingushetia.

Inaccurately written - Poland was divided between Russia, Prussia and Austria at the end of the 18th century. The most developed was the railway network in the western part (let's call it German). A large amount of rolling stock was also transported from Germany. While the USSR of the 1920s and 1930s as a peace-loving state (sorry for the obvious sarcasm) posed a real threat and the preservation of the royal gauge was militarily impractical - therefore it was logical to adopt the European rail gauge standard

[Timofey Charuta]

Gentlemen, it seems that the authors of some comments are agents of the good old Polish "two" or "defensives". An old song about peace-loving clairvoyant gentlemen and angry aggressive neighbors. "Jeszcze Polska nie zginęła!". They wouldn't seize foreign lands, wouldn't oppress the population there, wouldn't need a million-strong army with a bunch of armored trains.

[Constanty]

They wouldn’t seize foreign lands, they wouldn’t oppress the population there, they wouldn’t need a million-strong army with a bunch of armored trains

You mean the USSR - the description is definitely more suitable for the USSR than for Poland.
Xinjiang 1934, 1937, Poland 17IX 1939, Finland 1939, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Bessarabia, Bukovina - 1940 - examples of the "peaceful" policy of the USSR

[Timofey Charuta]

PEREPROSHUYU PANSTVO. The USSR began to push its borders to the West only when a big war broke out in Europe, in 1939. pacification, ethnocide in modern language. They cut off a piece of Lithuania with Vilnius (Vilna) and Kovno. . From the Czechs crushed by the Germans, Teshin was pulled under the guise, etc. etc. There was where to ride on their wonderful armored trains on a gauge of 1921 mm or 750, it doesn’t matter ...

[Constanty]

Without exaggeration, the territories of Belarus became part of the Second Polish Republic under a peace treaty with the RSFSR in Riga in 1921.
Kaunas (Kowno) was part of Lithuania until 1940 and the occupation of the country by the USSR.

Photo demagogy. You can find different

[Timofey Charuta]

The territories of Belarus became part of the Second Polish Republic under a peace treaty with the RSFSR in Riga in 1921.

- shanovne panstvo formalized the seizure of foreign territory and the results of their aggression with this treaty. Does this change something in our polemic in essence? Without exaggeration and photodemagoguery ...

[Timofey Charuta]

still without photodemagoguery

[Constanty]

By this treaty, the shanovne lordship formalized the seizures of foreign territory and the results of its aggression.

I have not read more nonsense for a long time,
So what do you think, if these territories were conquered by the RSFSR, it would not be a symptom of robbery and aggression?
It cannot be assumed that everything that previously belonged to the Russian Empire passed to the RSFSR.
Lenin recognized (at least nominally) the right to self-determination of nations, including Poland in particular - it is clear that these were created in part of old Russia - and yes - that everyone won and had it - and that the Bolsheviks crushingly lost the war with Poland in Minsk were ready to give much more than Poland wanted to take (this is proof of Poland's greed ) - just read Ioffe's diaries

[Timofey Charuta]

Without exaggeration and photodemagoguery.
In 1919, the Poles occupied almost all of Belarus, including Minsk. In 1920 they captured Kiev. At the same time climbed to Lithuania.
The capture of the Czechoslovak Teshin was agreed with the Germans. I will add more photos of non-demagogy.

[Constanty]

This is complete demagogy - because the moment of greeting Marshal Rydz-Śmigły with the military attaches accredited in Warsaw on the occasion of Constitution Day on May 3, 1938 is shown here with the military attaché of the German Embassy in Poland, General Bohuslav von Studnitz.
The Soviet attaché, Colonel Rybalko, greeted the same way.
You can also find a photo of Colonel Rybalka saying goodbye to Studnica as he left Warsaw.
This is a normal practice in diplomacy, such and, in particular, the role of military attaches and adding a legend to such photos (that they depict the Polish-German alliance, for example) is simply either ignorance or manipulation

[Tests]

Dear author, thank you very much for the material! Igor, about the use of UZhD and armored trains on a gauge of 750 mm by Poland and Germany (I am most interested in East Prussia, where a very wide network of narrow gauge railways was developed) have you read anywhere, no photo?