THAAD complexes on Ukrainian territory. Potential and Challenges
The other day it became known about the desire of Ukraine to deploy American missile defense systems on its territory. THAAD systems could strengthen the defense of Ukrainian territory, as well as provide new opportunities in the field of situational illumination. However, such steps may have a negative impact on the overall situation in the region.
Plans and desires
On February 7, the TASS news agency reported on the possible deployment of American weapons in Ukraine. The information was obtained from an unnamed diplomatic source; her country of origin is also unknown. Official confirmations or denials have not yet been received either.
A TASS source said that Kiev has turned to Washington with a request to deploy THAAD complexes on its territory. Several divisions of such equipment are proposed to be deployed in the Kharkov region - tens of kilometers from the Russian border. The complexes should work in full force and, together with other means, include AN / TPY-2 radar stations.
The full-time radar of the complex will give the American and Ukrainian military special opportunities. The AN / TPY-2 product will be able to illuminate the situation in the air and in space over Russian territory. The possibility of tracking objects at a depth of about 1000 km is indicated. At the same time, the combat qualities of the THAAD complex in the context of interception in news not considered.
The news about the possible transfer of missile defense systems has already received due appreciation. On February 7, Russian presidential spokesman Dmitry Peskov said that the appearance of THAAD near our borders "would be another step towards destabilizing the situation."
American officials have not yet acknowledged receipt of the Ukrainian proposal. Accordingly, it is not reported about the fundamental possibility of transferring equipment or about preparations for this. Whether the United States will agree to deploy its complexes on foreign territory is a big question.
Features and Features
THAAD is a mobile ground-based missile defense system. The standard composition of the battery of such a complex includes a radar and a command post, as well as three launchers with 24 anti-missiles ready for launch.
All facilities of the complex are placed on self-propelled chassis or trailers. It is possible to transfer by air and independent movement on roads. After deploying to the position, the complex can carry out continuous duty for a long time.
The AN / TPY-2 type radar is responsible for the coverage of the air and space situation as part of THAAD. This is an X-band station with an active phased array antenna. The detection range, according to various sources, reaches 1000 or 4500 km, depending on the parameters of the target. The station has modes for detecting and tracking ballistic missiles in ascending and descending flight segments with determining the trajectory and issuing target designation to fire weapons. There is a function of selection of real targets.
Depending on the tactical situation and the nature of the built defense, the AN / TPY-2 radar can operate independently or in conjunction with other radio equipment. In particular, it is possible to use additional stations with different parameters with THAAD, thereby increasing the accuracy of target detection and tracking.
Targets are hit by an interceptor missile designed specifically for THAAD. This is a single-stage ammunition with a solid propellant engine and an infrared homing head. There is no warhead - the target is hit by a direct hit. The rocket is approx. 6,2 and with a diameter of 370 mm. Starting weight - 900 kg. Due to the small diameter, one launcher accommodates eight products in containers.
In flight, the anti-missile develops a speed of at least 2800 m / s. The launch range exceeds 200 km; according to some sources, it can be thousands of kilometers. Reach in height - at least 150 km. The THAAD missile is designed to intercept missiles of various classes, from operational-tactical to medium-range products. The maximum target speed, according to various sources, is at least 4-4,5 km / s.
Mutual benefits
The prospects for the request for the transfer of THAAD complexes to Ukraine are unknown. However, it has already received a proper political assessment from the Russian authorities. In addition, even now it is possible to consider and evaluate the military potential of such ideas and measures.
Depending on the conditions of international cooperation, the transfer of missile defense systems to Kharkov will be unambiguously beneficial for Ukraine. The state of its air defense leaves much to be desired, and there is virtually no missile defense system. Under such conditions, any military technical assistance or deployment of ready-made systems will make a significant contribution to the defense capability.
It is the transfer of complexes from the US armed forces, and not their purchase, that will give certain advantages. Thanks to this, the Ukrainian side will be able to receive protection without wasting time waiting for supplies, training personnel, etc. In addition, ensuring the duty of foreign complexes will be simpler and cheaper than a full-fledged purchase of equipment.
Probably, the US is also interested in deploying THAAD systems on Ukrainian territory. Such interest may be related to the possibility of deploying powerful and efficient radar stations near the Russian border. Products AN / TPY-2 or other stations will allow you to monitor the airspace of Russia and collect the desired information.
The anti-missile capabilities of the THAAD complex fade into the background. However, the Pentagon is unlikely to turn down the chance to bring antimissiles closer to Russian borders. With all the limitations and difficulties, such opportunities will not be superfluous and will help the implementation of general plans for the construction of a global missile defense system.
Objective difficulties
However, the deployment of THAAD complexes on Ukrainian territory has several characteristic problems and may lead to new risks. Due to these factors, the US may refuse Kiev's offer and not send the desired missile defense systems.
First of all, the deployment of THAAD is hampered by military risks. As rightly noted in Moscow, the appearance of these complexes near Kharkov will worsen the overall situation and will not contribute to the preservation of peace. In a situation where Kiev and Washington are expecting a Russian attack literally from day to day, the situation should not be further aggravated.
In addition, in the conditions of a full-scale conflict, which supposedly will begin at any moment, missile defense systems will become one of the priority targets for the enemy in the face of "dangerous and aggressive" Russia. It is hardly worth risking valuable equipment and personnel in such a situation.
Questions are raised by the proposed size of the grouping. According to the news, Ukraine is asking to send several divisions of THAAD complexes to its territory. As far as is known, in most cases these systems are deployed with batteries, and this is enough to solve the main tasks. Why Kiev needed larger units, and several at once, is a big question. Perhaps there is a common error.
If there is no error, then there are problems with the proposed transfer. It is unlikely that the United States will find free THAAD batteries that can be reduced to “several divisions” and sent to protect Ukraine. However, the American side can make them to order and sell them, but the price and timing of the transfer of new units will definitely not suit Kiev.
Anti-missile prospects
Whether the latest news is true, and whether Ukraine offered its American allies to strengthen its defense with its missile defense systems, is unknown. Any official statements and real steps in this direction have so far been heard and have not been observed. However, the situation may change at any moment, and one of the American airfields will begin loading equipment for transportation to Kharkov.
The implementation of the new Ukrainian proposal is associated with certain difficulties and problems, but will provide advantages and benefits to both parties. This means that, if there is a real "invitation", the US will assess all the risks and benefits, draw conclusions and start real actions. If the benefits can outweigh the problems, the transfer of equipment will begin. However, another outcome is also possible - and Ukraine will still have to rely only on its air defense.
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