Dueling pistols and duel of M. Yu. Lermontov

Ilya Efimovich Repin "Duel", 1896. State Tretyakov Gallery

And there in the distance the ridge of unregulated
But forever proud and calm,
Mountains stretched - and Kazbek
Glittered head pointed.
And with sadness and secret heart, I thought: a pathetic man.
What does he want ... the sky is clear
Under the sky is a lot of space for everyone
But incessantly and in vain
One is at enmity - why?
(Valerik. M. Yu. Lermontov)

History firearms weapons. Last time we looked at how AS Pushkin duel, and now it was the turn of another star of our poetry - M. Yu. Lermontov, who also died in a duel on pistols. And very young. I must say that, unlike Pushkin, he was not a noteworthy duelist and at his 26 years old he could write down only three duels at his own expense, well, four of his comrades managed to dissuade him. Again, unlike Pushkin, a purely civilian man, Lermontov was a combat, army officer. And not just an officer, but the head of a detachment of "hunters" called "Lermontovsky" is clearly not accidental. Twice during his participation in battles in the Caucasus, he was presented for awards. The first time - a golden saber with the Order of Svyatoslav, then replaced by the Order of Vladimir, but both times the awards were bypassed by the will of the emperor.

House in Pyatigorsk, where M. Yu. Lermontov lived for the last two months. Photo by the author

The duel between M. Yu. Lermontov and NS Martynov took place on Tuesday, July 15, 1841 near Pyatigorsk, at the very foot of Mount Mashuk. There he died, and, although there were seconds present, much in this tragic event, as it was unclear, remains to this day. First of all, the testimony of eyewitnesses - both Martynov himself and the seconds M.P. Glebov and A.I.Vasilchikov, who were present there, can in no way be accurate and objective, since they all thought not so much about establishing the truth as about minimizing their guilt.

Now there is something like a park around it, albeit small. Photo by the author

The reason for the quarrel: Martynov and the seconds are speaking

So, during the investigation, Major Martynov gave the following explanation for the reason for the duel:

“Since his arrival in Pyatigorsk, Lermontov did not miss a single occasion where he could tell me something unpleasant. Sharpness, taunts, ridicule at my expense ... At an evening in one private house (I meant the house of the Verzilins), two days before the duel, he pulled me out of patience, becoming attached to my every word, showing a clear desire at every step annoy me. "I decided to put an end to this."

Second Glebov confirmed:

"The reason for this duel was ridicule on the part of Lermontov at the expense of Martynov, who, as he told me, warned Lermontov several times ..."

The second Vasilchikov showed:

“The only thing I know about the reason for the duel is that on Sunday, July 13th, Lieutenant Lermontov offended Major Martynov with mocking words; with whom it was and who heard this quarrel, I do not know. It is also unknown to me that there was any long-standing quarrel or enmity between them ... "

And this is the interior of the room of the disgraced poet in the same house under a reed roof. Photo by the author

A simple bivouac life, although not without amenities. Photo by the author

"Leave your jokes in front of the ladies!"

With a favorable opinion for Lermontov and naming specific names, others also said the same, since young officers, including Martynov and Lermontov, often visited the house of General MI Verzilina; and sharp jokes, and often backbiting along with dancing and flirting, were a characteristic feature of all these gatherings. Moreover, both Lermontov and Martynov took care of Verzilina's daughter, E.A. Klingenberg (in the future Shan-Girey), who described the fatal quarrel in detail:

“On July 13, several girls and men gathered for us ... Mikhail Yuryevich gave his word not to make me angry anymore, and we, having waltzed, sat down to talk peacefully. We were joined by LS Pushkin, who was also notable for his malice, and the two of them began to sharpen their tongues ... They did not say anything evil, but a lot of funny things; but then they saw Martynov talking very kindly to my younger sister Nadezhda, standing at the piano, on which Prince Trubetskoy was playing. Lermontov could not resist and began to joke at his expense, calling him "montagnard au grand poignard" ("highlander with a large dagger", since Martynov was not dressed in a uniform, but in a satin Circassian coat, and he changed them almost daily, and all of them he had different colors, he also had an impressive mountain dagger). It had to happen so that when Trubetskoy struck the last chord, the word poignard rang out throughout the hall. Martynov turned pale, bit his lips, his eyes flashed with anger; he came up to us and in a very restrained voice told Lermontov: “how many times have I asked you to leave my jokes in front of the ladies,” and so quickly turned away and walked away that he didn’t let Lermontov come to his senses ... The dancing continued, and I thought that was the end the whole quarrel. "

Living room in the Verzilins' house. It was in this interior that everything happened. It was easy to hear everything in this small hall. Fill this room with the power of imagination with people and you will hear and see everything. Photo by the author

Challenge to a duel

However, their quarrel did not end there, but continued upon leaving Verzilina's house. Since they spoke in private, it is clear that the measure of punishment and the further fate of Martynov should have depended on the recognition of the one who initiated the duel. Therefore, he thought out his answers very well and showed the following:

“… I told him that I had previously asked him to stop these unbearable jokes for me - but now, I warn you that if he once again decides to choose me as an object for his sharpness, then I will make him stop. - He would not let me finish and repeated several times in a row: that he did not like the tone of my sermon: that I could not forbid him to say what he wanted about me, - and finally told me: “Instead of empty threats, you would much I would have done better if I had acted. You know that I never refuse duels - therefore, you will not frighten anyone with this "... I told him that in that case I would send my second to him."

Another interior of that century: the living room in the house of A. A. Alyabyev - the author of the famous "Nightingale". This is how about all people of the corresponding class lived. Photo by the author

What Martynov said actually meant a challenge to Lermontov, while he was making a "step towards reconciliation." But Lermontov did not want to put up. This is how Martynov presented the case, and the seconds confirmed it.

People at all times loved to surround themselves with beautiful things and live in comfort. Pay attention to the candlestick with a reflective mirror and the ability to adjust the position of the candle. Photo by the author

Not two, but four!

But there is another point of view that Lermontov's answer was more peaceful. Whereas the testimony given by Martynov, Glebov and Vasilchikov was biased. Moreover, although the official documents contain the names of only two seconds - Glebov and Vasilchikov, in fact there were four of them: A.A.Stolypin (Mongo) and S.V. Trubetskoy. It was decided not to report them, since in the Caucasus they were in the position of exiles, and it was known that Nicholas I disliked them. The decision of the participants in the duel was noble, but they had to fantasize in their testimony. Glebov - to call himself Martynov's second, and Vasilchikov - Lermontov. But in a letter to D. A. Stolypin from 1841, Glebov described who was a second to whom differently. There is also such an assumption that both Stolypin and Trubetskoy were simply late for the duel because of the rain, so the opponents fired precisely with two seconds "by agreement of both sides." In any case, there was more than enough confusion about who was behind whom and who was not there.

The poet's traveling folding bed and the table at which he wrote. Photo by the author

Duel

The duel, according to the testimony of the seconds, took place on July 15 at about 7 pm. And its place is a small clearing by the road from Pyatigorsk to the Nikolaev colony on the north-western slope of Mount Mashuk, at a distance of four miles from the city, which was then much farther from this place than it is now. At the indicated place, the Investigative Commission noticed trampled grass, wheel tracks, and “at the place where Lermontov fell and lay dead, there is a noticeable blood flowing from him". Well, about how the duel took place, Martynov showed:

“A barrier of 15 steps was measured and ten more steps away from it in each direction. - We are at the extreme points. - According to the terms of the duel, each of us had the right to shoot whenever he pleases - standing still or approaching the barrier ... "

However, the draft of Martynov's testimony contains other information:

“The conditions for the duel were: 1st. Everyone has the right to shoot whenever he wants ... 2nd. Misfires were to be counted as shots. 3rd. After the first miss ... the enemy had the right to call the shooter to the barrier. 4th. More than three shots from each side were not allowed ... "

Glebov, having read this, sent Martynov a note with the following content:

“I have to say that I tried to persuade you for lighter conditions ... Now, for the time being, do not mention the condition of 3 shots; if later there is a request about that, then there is nothing to do: it will be necessary to tell the whole truth. "

However, the “request” did not follow, therefore Martynov did not show “the whole truth”. And thus the completely deadly conditions of the duel (the right to shoot three times) were hidden from the investigation. Even the distance between the duelists is not known exactly. They talk about 15 steps. But Vasilchikov later announced 10. It seems that these conditions were proposed by R. Dorokhov in order to force both participants of the duel to refuse it. There was no doctor at the place of the fight, there was no crew - and what does this mean? That people couldn't think of anything about it? Or did they not believe that the fight would take place? This could very well be!

Duel scheme. Fig. A. Shepsa

Who shot first?

From Martynov's testimony:

“… I was the first to come to the barrier; waited a few times for Lermontov's shot, then pulled the trigger ... "

Vasilchikov's testimony:

“... having placed our opponents, we, the seconds, loaded our pistols (belonged to A. A. Stolypin), and at the given sign the gentlemen, the duelists began to converge: when they reached the barrier, both stood; Major Martynov fired. Lieutenant Lermontov fell already unconscious and did not have time to fire his own shot; I fired from his loaded pistol much later into the air. "

Glebov:

"The duelists fired ... at a distance of 15 steps and converged on the barrier at the sign I gave ... After the first shot made by Martynov, Lermontov fell, being wounded in his right side right through, which is why he could not make his shot."

However, among the Pyatigorsk society, a rumor immediately spread that in fact Lermontov shot in the air, but Martynov took advantage of it. There are many entries about this in diaries and letters from Pyatigorsk, but they were all made from the words of second persons, that is, not participants in the duel.

Tula-made flintlock officer's pistol from M. Yu. Lermontov's house-museum in Pyatigorsk. Photo by the author

So, officer Traskin, who was the first to interrogate both Glebov and Vasilchikov, wrote to General Grabbe on July 17 that Lermontov said that he would not shoot, but would expect Martynov to fire. Judging by the act of medical examination of the body of the murdered, Lermontov stood with his right side to Martynov, as it should be, but his right arm was extended upwards. That is, he could well have shot in the air and still remain in this position when Martynov's shot followed.

Flint Caucasian rifle in Lermontov's house. Photo by the author

And - yes, later it turned out that the seconds from the investigation hid the fact that Martynov had shot at Lermontov, possibly at the very moment when he either raised his hand with a pistol above the level required for the sight, or even fired into the air.

If not Lepage, then who?

It is known that the pistols of Johann Andre Kuchenreuter, a German gunsmith, who produced both very high-quality hunting rifles and dueling pistols, and very high-quality, were used in the duel.

Both smooth-bore pistols with a 50-caliber barrel and rifled ones are known. The barrels were usually round, but with a flat sighting plane extending almost the entire length of the barrel. The breech, the aiming bar and the muzzle could be inlaid with silver arabesques.

This pistol was manufactured by the elder Johann Andreas Kuchenreuther of Regensberg and probably dates from 1753. However, the pistols from which Lermontov and Martynov fired were not much different from him. After all, it is known that they had exactly flint locks, but rifled barrels. Photos courtesy of Alain Daubresse

The name of the manufacturer was also inlaid, but in gold: "IAK". The stock is made of walnut wood along its entire length, ending with the tip of a horny forend; the entire brass device was without engraving, but with relief carvings. Photos courtesy of Alain Daubresse

The collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York also has pistols from this master. Materials: steel, wood, bronze, gold, silver, horn. Dimensions: total length 42,6 cm, barrel length 28,6 cm, caliber 14,2 mm, weight 822 g. Weapons in all respects, frankly speaking, are deadly!

What happened after the duel?

Lermontov, having received a bullet, died almost immediately, without regaining consciousness. Vasilchikov immediately galloped into the city to fetch a doctor, while all the other seconds remained by the corpse. Then Vasilchikov returned, but ... alone. There was a severe thunderstorm, and none of the doctors wanted to go up the mountain. After that, Glebov and Stolypin went to Pyatigorsk, hired a cart there and sent with it and Lermontov's coachman Ivan Vertyukov and Martynov's man Ilya Kozlov, to bring the body of the murdered man to his apartment, which was done at about 11 pm.

Monument at the site of the duel. Photo by the author

They buried him in his native land, in the church that stood and stands not far from the estate. Some of the officers, from those with whom he was then friends, served and fought, rose to high ranks and even received general's shoulder straps. And Lermontov went into eternity, both as a poet and as a military man, although in this latter capacity he remained forever only a lieutenant of the Tengin infantry regiment ...

“Peace and quiet, but:
Why is it so painful and so difficult?
Waiting for what? Do you regret anything?
I don’t expect anything from life ...
And I don't feel sorry for the past at all. "

General A.P. Ermolov, having learned about the death of Lermontov, said:

"You can afford to kill any other person, whether he is a nobleman or a noble: there will be many such tomorrow, but you will not wait for these people soon!"

As for Martynov, as a military man, he petitioned that his case be transferred to a military court, and not a civil one. And he was tried by the Pyatigorsk military court, which sentenced him to deprivation of ranks and all rights of the state. However, the commander-in-chief in the Caucasus, then the Minister of War and, finally, the Emperor Nicholas I himself, commuted the punishment. In particular, on January 3, 1842, the tsar indicated:

"Major Martynov should be kept in the fortress for three months, and then delivered to church repentance."

Plaque on the monument. Photo by the author

General Velyaminov, who was in his youth in the chambers-pages of Nicholas I, later recalled that, having received a message about the death of Lermontov, the emperor said:

“Today I received sad news: our poet Lermontov, who gave Russia such great hopes, was killed in a duel. Russia has lost a lot in it. "

Comments

[Grim Reaper]

Thank you. Very interesting. Thank you.

[kalibr]

I'm glad you liked it, Alexey!

[old friend]

Thank you for the article. Fate. It is a pity that this is how his path ended. Someone told me that he really was unrestrained in his language. In those days, where honor was paramount, such a denouement was a matter of time.
PS As far as I remember, he was the only heir to his grandmother? If so, then I imagine her grief - to survive all her loved ones ...

[Svarog]

Quote: old friend

... Someone told me that he really was unrestrained in his language

The article is really excellent, I especially liked the combination of real history in details, but also a photo of the weapon, and with a description of the manufacturer .. In general, very interesting material and well-presented.
Lermontov, on the other hand, was not only unrestrained in his language, but also had an extremely unpleasant character, he heard the opinion that this was a consequence of a mental illness. He was literally thrown, from complete apathy to incredible delight, and all this could happen overnight .. At the same time he loved to denigrate those he disliked behind his back .. and everyone could fall into disgrace, and absolutely undeservedly. true, but I read such conclusions about him.

[Grim Reaper]

Your articles are always interesting.

[Grim Reaper]

And how I liked about swords ... Thank you. IN.

[kalibr]

Quote: Grim Reaper

And how I liked it about swords

Alexei! You know, I was "got" by these swords. But ... I sat down and thought and found a very interesting version of the presentation in the continuation of the "sword" theme. So that I myself would be interested in people too. Then it is easy to write .. So ... soon there will be material about swords.

[3x3zsave]

You know, I was "got" with these swords
My apologies! I will no longer vyaknu.

[kalibr]

Quote: 3x3zsave

You know, I was "got" with these swords
My apologies! I will no longer vyaknu.

Anton! Why do you take over everything at once? There are people besides you who are also interested in this, and who wrote on the thread that it was necessary, they say, V.O. stimulate. Not you! I promised you a material about two-handed swords? I did. And look the word "got" is taken in quotation marks, that is, in reality, it is not that much got out. It's just that the topic is complex, it's not so easy to tackle it.

[3x3zsave]

Come on, Vyacheslav Olegovich! I perfectly understand that there are topics that are interesting to me, about which you will never write, because you do not feel competent.
And swords ... This is just an excuse to talk about my beloved Middle Ages.

[kalibr]

Quote: 3x3zsave

This is just an excuse to talk about my beloved Middle Ages.

In-oh-from! Therefore, both phrases and "stamps" are appropriate. Arousing increased interest. I already wrote that I found a completely unexpected perspective on an article about swords. I reread Kirpichnikov's article at the same time ... Oh, well, more on that later. But what you came up with will really be interesting for you, and for others. By the way, Tekhnika-Molodezhi has already published several issues of the new magazine UNKNOWN HISTORY. Of course, you, Anton, know a lot ... But I would advise you to read it and "store" it! Time will pass, and it will be the same as with my magazine Science and Technology in 1929. Everything seems to be known. But it is written ... very well. And when you get old, you have bins - take it and write it. The one who outlives his ... "opponents" always wins. I didn’t think about it in my time. I threw out a lot of magazines. Now I'm sorry ...

[Captain45]

Quote: kalibr

But I would advise you to read it and "store" it! Time will pass, and it will be the same as with my magazine Science and Technology in 1929. Everything seems to be known. But it is written ... very well.

I apologize for interfering, but to the topic of old magazines - I came across a scan of VP Vnukov's book "Entertaining Physics in War" from the library of the "Young Guard" magazine for 1930. The book tells why a gun, a cannon fires with an explanation of physical processes in simple understandable language, what is recoil, rollback, etc. etc. I think that if at one time the laws of physics were explained to me using such examples and how they work in life, then I would know physics much better, because it is interesting and entertaining.

[Vasilenko Vladimir]

Quote: Captain45

I think that if at one time the laws of physics were explained to me using such examples and how they work in life, then I would know physics much better, because it is interesting and entertaining.

unlikely

[astra wild2]

Already passed the material on swords

[Proxima]

"Lermontov was a combat, army officer. And not easy officer, and the head of the detachment of "hunters", called "Lermontovsky" is clearly not accidental... Twice during his participation in battles in the Caucasus, he was presented for awards. "- from the text. Lermontov headed by today's standards" flying special forces ", which became a legend both in the Russian army and among the highlanders. acted with incredible courage and professional skill... And the further Lermontov fought, the more he was imbued with respect for his opponents - the mountain peoples. Conversely, Martynov spoke extremely dismissively about these tribes, called them savages, and so on. This extremely annoyed Lermontov, he generally considered Martynov some kind of cattle and honored him with all sorts of barbs. The dishonest duel on the part of Martynov fully confirmed Mikhail Yuryevich's opinion about Martynov. After all, it’s a no brainer that Lermontov was not going to kill Martynov, it was beneath his dignity, which cannot be said about Martynov.

[Pereira]

considered Martynov a kind of cattle and honored him with all sorts of barbs.

If you call someone cattle, be ready to answer for the market.

[Captain45]

Quote: Proxima

Martynov spoke extremely dismissively about these tribes, called them savages, and so on. This extremely annoyed Lermontov, he generally considered Martynov some kind of cattle and honored him with all sorts of barbs.

I met another version of the quarrel between Lermontov and Martynov. Martynov was older than Lermontov in age and was the eldest in the corps where Lermontov studied. And hazing in those days was not weak, well, he drove Martynov Lermontov as a young man. By virtue of his position and discipline, Lermontov endured, but when they met already as officers, Lermontov used all his talent as a poet to mock Martynov in revenge for the past.

[your1970]

Quote: Captain45

Hazing in those days was not weak, well, he drove Martynov Lermontov as a young man. By virtue of his position and discipline, Lermontov endured, but when they met already as officers, Lermontov used all his talent as a poet to mock Martynov in revenge for the past.

Starles teasing major? This is insulting at any time and humiliating for someone with a sufficiently high rank ...

[Alien From]

Brilliantly! Even the spouse does not scold for the Internet!

[3x3zsave]

Well, you are not in the "tanks" spire!

[Grim Reaper]

Your articles are always interesting.

[Magog_]

Pushkin and a duel, Lermontov and also a duel - in each case, a subtly organized murder. What else is in common, besides the fact that both are great Russian poets and writers? Pushkin began the novel "Pugachev" - what can be seen in Pushkin's collected works obviously does not belong to his pen, that is, it is a poorly concealed forgery. The theme of the so-called. "Pugachev's uprising" during the time of Alexander Sergeevich was under the special control of the Secret Chancellery. Accordingly, the motive for the murder of Pushkin is obvious for Vlast. I heard that the Romanov house of impostors had similar problems in relation to the work of Lermontov in the light of the continuation of the theme "Hero of Our Time", that is, the dangerous literary coverage of the origins and causes of the war in the Caucasus, which was also a closely guarded Romanov secret. Someone could suggest here where the answers to such questions are?

[Kote Pan Kokhanka]

Quote: Magog_

Pushkin and a duel, Lermontov and also a duel - in each case, a subtly organized murder.

REN-Tivi is our everything!

[Magog_]

The breadth of your horizons is amazing!

[Kote Pan Kokhanka]

Quote: Magog_

The breadth of your horizons is amazing!

Alternatively, you can go and get drunk with grief
Do you know the last rank of Alexander Sergeevich? After all, I went to the chamber-cadets, and these are general's shoulder straps. A convinced monarchist, it is not even funny to ascribe revolutionary views to him.
Now about the secret office. As far as I remember, it was abolished in 1761 or 1762. The uprising of Yemelyan Pugachev 1773-1775. The years of A.S. Pushkin's life are 1799-1837. What are your arguments?

[3x3zsave]

After all, I went to the chamber-cadets, and these are general's shoulder straps.
Vlad, buddy! Sorry, but you do not understand either the "Table of Ranks" or the reality of that time.

[Korsar4]

But this does not prevent Pushkin from being a believer and a monarchist.

[kalibr]

According to the table of ranks, Pushkin had the 9th class, that is, the rank of "titular adviser", and in the army - an infantry captain.

[Korsar4]

Yes. Famous:

“He was a titular councilor,
She is a general's daughter. "

Then they raised the rank with which they could be promoted to the chamber-junkers.

[Kote Pan Kokhanka]

Anton, what would you like to hear about the table of ranks? Let me remind you that after all, I may be a former teacher at the institute. Including discipline law enforcement and history of law enforcement.
According to various sources, A.S. Pushkin was in the rank of Kamer-Junker, according to others Kamerger. At least Nicholas I, after the poet's death, placed the children in the Prague building, and this, according to his own decree, is the right of orphans of the first four grades of the report card.
Now we step on thin ice. If Pushkin was in the rank of chamberlain, then everything simply equaled the rank of major general. If the chamber-junker, then this is the commander (brigade) rank. Between the generals and colonels. During the years of the poet's life, he was abolished, but the title remained. By the way, he received his salary from the personal office of the emperor.
Now about the differences in rank and rank. If, according to a simple rank, this is a position, the achievement of which required a temporary qualification (length of service). A title is a title. In the tsarist army, you could be a second-major, but replace the post of lieutenant colonel. However, we still have a similar approach, and for example, in the United States, the position and title are one and the same.
Well, it's on the fingers.

[3x3zsave]

Convinced. Understanding. I apologize.

[Kote Pan Kokhanka]

Quote: 3x3zsave

Convinced. Understanding. I apologize.

Oh, well, there wasn’t enough to apologize! Simply the rank and title of Pushkin is an old casual question in the applied sciences to literature and jurisprudence. For more than a century, studios and studios have been torturing their teachers. Alas, this cup did not pass me by.

[3x3zsave]

No, everything is correct. I suspected you of incompetence, you denied it, I apologized. All three actions were committed in public. It should be so. And nothing else.

[Ilya22558]

Perhaps the confusion turned out because in the table of ranks for 1722 (according to information on the Internet) the camera-junker really belonged to the 9th grade, i.e. titular advisor (captain).

[Kote Pan Kokhanka]

Quote: Ilya22558

Perhaps the confusion turned out because in the table of ranks for 1722 (according to information on the Internet) the camera-junker really belonged to the 9th grade, i.e. titular advisor (captain).

I don’t think so. Pushkin's contemporaries knew their realities. The problem is different, the archives of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs have not reached us. Hence, indirect research and evidence. In addition, Pushkin received allowance from the palace office, which in turn caused confusion.

[vladcub]

Namesake, you poked your finger into the sky with your camera-junker. As I remember: the chamber-junker was a court position, and had nothing to do with the army ranks.
General State Councilor

[Kote Pan Kokhanka]

Quote: vladcub

Namesake, you poked your finger into the sky with your camera-junker. As I remember: the chamber-junker was a court position, and had nothing to do with the army ranks.
General State Councilor

Pushkin served through the Foreign Ministry, not the army. He twice refused the position of Historiographer, after the death of Karamzin. There are suspicions that he happened to serve along the line of Benkindorf, when he wrote Pugachev. By the way, the fee for Pugachev was 40 rubles in silver. Just the salary of the chamberlain.

[vladcub]

"to serve along the Benckendorff line" is a letter from Pushkin to Benckendorff: "
Dear count, if not for you, I would have been in the fortress for a long time. "
Regarding: "I served on the line of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs" with Eidelman, I don't remember that. And yet, now I can't remember who I read it: A. S. Pushkin was assigned to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, but did not serve a single day

[Kote Pan Kokhanka]

Quote: vladcub

General State Councilor

Vlad, everything is more complicated. State Councilor - civil position (rank). Kamer-junker, as a courtier (rank), was abolished, if I am not mistaken in 1796, but remained as a rank.
Major General is a rank. But at the present time it is a title. However, legs grow from here - a former official, a retired general, etc. Pushkin, being in the position of 9th grade in the table of ranks, received allowance and benefits as a cadet-junker or even a chamberlain. Many evil tongues said that he received the sei titles only because his wife had the opportunity to attend balls and masquerades.

[vladcub]

"I had the opportunity to attend balls and masquerades" this comes from the hints of Pushkin's daughter that Natalya Nikolaevna slept with Nicholas 1.
In other sources there is nothing about this, and therefore we will consider -: "woman's gossip"

[Ingvar 72]

Quote: Kote pane Kohanka

REN-Tivi is our everything

Well, you shouldn't blame everything on the unfortunate REN TV!
With Lermontov's duel, it is more or less clear, but there are indeed many questions about Pushkin's duel. It looks a lot like a custom.

[3x3zsave]

Uh-huh. And Dovlatov also tortured Brodsky in prison! From what both died later: one from the injuries inflicted, the other from remorse.

[astra wild2]

Well said

[3x3zsave]

Thank you! But I didn’t come up with it.

[kalibr]

Quote: Magog_

Someone could suggest here where the answers to such questions are?

There are no answers to them. There is a lot of speculation!

[Sling cutter]

Quote: kalibr

There are no answers to them. There is a lot of speculation!

Glebov:

"The duelists fired ... at a distance of 15 steps and converged on the barrier at the sign I gave ... After the first shot made by Martynov, Lermontov fell, being wounded in his right side right through, which is why he could not make his shot."

Author!!! From 15 meters you can hit the forehead with a stone !!! If you want to say that you converged up to 15 .. and only nerves ... well, if not in the forehead, then you get into the figure, even, practically, not wielding a weapon, provided that both duelists owned it.

[3x3zsave]

These are not meters, these are steps. 15 steps - about 10 meters.

[Sling cutter]

Quote: 3x3zsave

These are not meters, these are steps. 15 steps - about 10 meters.

Moreover, this is the certain death of one of the duelists!

[Grim Reaper]

Well, get from Glock 19 into a full-length figure, from 10 meters. The result will surprise you. However, you can get there. That also happens. One in 18 chance ...

[Sling cutter]

Quote: Grim Reaper

Well, get from Glock 19 into a full-length figure, from 10 meters. The result will surprise you. However, you can get there. That also happens. One in 18 chance ...

I didn’t shoot from Glock, but if you don’t shoot from a pistol from 10 meters "growing", then it is better to immediately break the ring on Fke, there are 200 meters of coverage.

[Catfish]

Hello my friend.
Well, I don't know what kind of eyes and hands you need to have in order not to hit a growth target from ten meters. I am here in the village, safely hitting empty bottles from 12 meters from short-barreled pneumatic clappers with cans and without rifling. Not every "ball" breaks a bottle, but, as a rule, eight out of ten hit, let alone a normal firearm ...

[Grim Reaper]

Well, these are the eyes and hands, ordinary ...

[Catfish]

All of them are ordinary, only some of them have hands growing from another place, you've probably heard.

[Grim Reaper]

Quote: Sea Cat

All of them are ordinary, only some of them have hands growing from another place, you've probably heard.

well, OK. Consider that my eyes and hands grow out of the priests. Only this will not add to your accuracy. Alas...

[Catfish]

Aleksey, no offense, I can shoot pretty well without your help, something has happened since childhood.

[Grim Reaper]

Yes, what does the rifle have to do with it, at least a sawn-off shotgun. I say again, grab the short-barreled and hit from 10 meters. You will be very surprised, otherwise I wrote.

[Catfish]

I did not write about any rifles, but I meant air pistols and a revolver.
And from an army pistol I hit a growth target by 25 meters, and I do not consider this a great achievement. I have a friend with the same barrel and in the same target all the bullets in the "head" sticks.

[astra wild2]

I didn't have to beat the "figure". And my friend on the "figure" beat, but how many hits?

[astra wild2]

"I safely hit empty bottles from 12 meters."
I beat bottles and cans with PSM. Out of 8 turned out 5

[Catfish]

Well, I'm telling you - you need to be able to shoot. Only.

[Sling cutter]

Quote: Sea Cat

Well, I'm telling you - you need to be able to shoot. Only.

Hello, friend!
It should be noted that both duelists were officers and they were required to be able to shoot.

[Catfish]

You yourself know that the obligation to be able and the real skill are two big differences.

[Sling cutter]

Quote: Sea Cat

You yourself know that the obligation to be able and the real skill are two big differences.

You can’t argue

[Ingvar 72]

Quote: Sea Cat

duty to be able and real skill

I think in the Caucasus this skill was simply obliged to be, if only from a sense of self-preservation.

[Catfish]

We can think whatever we want, but how it was in fact only they know, those who lived at that time and in that place.

[Ingvar 72]

It's just logic, Kostya. Those who did not know how to wield weapons did not live long.

[Catfish]

It is quite clear to myself that it should have been, I do not argue. But there are no rules without exceptions.

[Ingvar 72]

But exceptions usually only prove the rules.
PS I shoot pretty well, but the experience is mostly long-barreled.

[Catfish]

But exceptions usually only prove the rules.

I was almost 100% sure that you would remember this phrase.
I myself only have a long barrel, short pneumatics do not count - toys.

[your1970]

Quote: Sea Cat

You yourself know that the obligation to be able and the real skill are two big differences.

Yes, but - the Caucasus, the war ...

[Grim Reaper]

From the strength of meters 30 ...

[bk0010]

Quote: Stroporez

it is better to immediately tear the ring at Fke, there are 200 meters of coverage

This does not mean that everything is destroyed within a radius of 200 m, it means that if its shard hits you at such a distance, then you will feel a slight discomfort. More or less guaranteed defeat within a radius of 10 m from the point of explosion (especially IMHO, did not measure).

[vladcub]

And it's even better to hit with an AK with a grenade launcher. There certainly is: "instantly into the sea" (c)

[Avior]

Children recently sent us to the shooting range to shoot for fun to shoot
From 10-15 meters I don't see a big problem to get there. The pistols were fired from Glock, Zigzauer and German police officer Walter. The Glock turned out to be the toughest to recoil. Nevertheless, getting into an a3-sized target was not a big problem.
Perhaps the problem will be psychological, if the target is fired back, the nerves are not iron.

[Ingvar 72]

Quote: Grim Reaper

Well, get from Glock 19 into a tall figure, from 10 meters

Go to YouTube channel Hickok 45 and watch the American retiree from Glock shoot at targets from about fifty meters. The result will surprise you!

[Grim Reaper]

Quote: Ingvar 72

Quote: Grim Reaper

Well, get from Glock 19 into a tall figure, from 10 meters

Go to YouTube channel Hickok 45 and watch the American retiree from Glock shoot at targets from about fifty meters. The result will surprise you!

well, there are people nowadays ........

[Ingvar 72]

Yes, an interesting guy. He has a bunch of barrel reviews, including ours.

[Grim Reaper]

Quote: Ingvar 72

Quote: Grim Reaper

Well, get from Glock 19 into a tall figure, from 10 meters

Go to YouTube channel Hickok 45 and watch the American retiree from Glock shoot at targets from about fifty meters. The result will surprise you!

but I'm talking about ordinary people, to whom I include myself. ;)

[bk0010]

Quote: Stroporez

Moreover, this is the certain death of one of the duelists!

I read that it was problematic to get where you were aiming with dueling pistols.

[Ingvar 72]

That is, the mention of shooting at flies is false? (A.S. Pushkin, "Shot")

[bk0010]

Quote: Ingvar 72

That is, the mention of shooting at flies is false?

Not a fact: there were also combat pistols.

[Ingvar 72]

But as far as I know, the duels were more accurate.

[Ilya22558]

Here, not everything is so simple: a silicon pistol was used, respectively, at first the gunpowder on the shelf was set on fire, while a flash was formed, a cloud of smoke was formed, the flash acted on the shooter, the hand could involuntarily tremble, and the smoke hid the figure of the enemy, plus all the time between pressing the trigger and the actual shot must also be taken into account. But in general, the Russian duel was the bloodiest, in Europe they fired at least 20-25 steps.

[kalibr]

I don't want to say anything, you know. Everything has been written down and said before me. Eyewitness statements are specially marked in italics. So it’s obvious that it was. This is a court record, not my novel "Death on Mashuka".

[Sling cutter]

Quote: kalibr

I don't want to say anything, you know. Everything has been written down and said before me. Eyewitness statements are specially marked in italics. So it’s obvious that it was. This is a court record, not my novel "Death on Mashuka".

I understand, in your opinion, everyone got drunk, along with the seconds, then went nuts, got drunk and signed anything.
I repeat! There are two factors, first, how much did you throw a snowball at 10 years old and how much was the standard for throwing a grenade?
PySy. In the 10th grade, less than 57 meters, I did not throw it, well, what was it supposed to be according to the TRP standards!

[kalibr]

Are you illiterate? Not in my opinion, but according to the testimony of the court, everything happened as it happened.

[Grim Reaper]

Come on, 57 meters. Reduce the sturgeon. 30 or rather 26 meters, for lemon, well, like that.

[Sling cutter]

Quote: Grim Reaper

Come on, 57 meters. Reduce the sturgeon. 30 or rather 26 meters, for lemon, well, like that.

Sorry , friday ochepyatka, 37, and according to the TRP standards, a sports equipment weighing 700 gr. on "gold" should have been thrown at 38.

[Grim Reaper]

Quote: Stroporez

Quote: Grim Reaper

Come on, 57 meters. Reduce the sturgeon. 30 or rather 26 meters, for lemon, well, like that.

Sorry , friday ochepyatka, 37, and according to the TRP standards, a sports equipment weighing 700 gr. on "gold" should have been thrown at 38.

and in my head I’m 26. I’m not going to argue, it was a long time ago .... Sclerosis.

[Catfish]

Vyacheslav, good night.
Thanks for the interesting article and great photos. I would just add a little about Misha Lermontov's unbearable character, because even during his life in St. Petersburg, his grandmother, Elizaveta Alekseevna Arsenyeva (nee Stolypina), literally hugged the doorstep of the office of the chief of the gendarmes corps Benckendorff in order to save her beloved grandson from possible reprisals for his long language.

Portrait of "Grandmothers of Russian Literature".

[Catfish]

Yes, one more thing.
A long time ago, in some popular Soviet magazine, I read that for a long time there was a legend about a "Cossack" who, during a duel, shot from afar in the back of Lermontov with a carbine and was allegedly found later (during reburial?) Among the remains the poet's bullet, in terms of weight and diameter, did not in any way correspond to the Küchenreitar pistols.
Do you have anything about this?

[kalibr]

Quote: Sea Cat

Do you have anything about this?

The king was bad and wanted to kill all the poets! That's all I have.

[Catfish]

Well, that's common knowledge.

[Private-K]

The "version" about the allegedly rigged murder of Lermontov was purposefully launched in the USSR in the 1970s. It completely contradicts the circumstances of the duel itself, the circumstances that caused it, the individuals involved in it.

[Kote Pan Kokhanka]

Quote: Stroporez

Author!!! From 15 meters you can hit the forehead with a stone !!! If you want to say that you converged up to 15 .. and only nerves ... well, if not in the forehead, then you get into the figure, even, practically, not wielding a weapon, provided that both duelists owned it.

It is immediately clear that you are a person far from weapons. Believe me, everyone "smears" from 15 meters and 10 meters, professionals and shooters, athletes from the PM and sports Margolin. About the dueling pistols of those years, in principle, I am silent. Asked for a week given to shoot. Modern skills are fiction, the sensations are completely different, having shot at eight, hooked the target only once, the owner of the pistols hit two of them, but the spread was more than 60 seconds in 6

[Sling cutter]

Quote: Kote pane Kohanka

once it is clear that you are a person far from weapons. Believe me, everyone "smears" from 15 meters and from 10 meters, professionals and sportsmen,

I showed my son the results from a slingshot, one or two nuts = a dead crow ... What are you talking about now? With all due respect, Colleague, I will never believe that from Margolin or from the PM from 15 m you can miss the waist "figure"! Are you laughing or what? I now give you a guarantee that 1/3 of a brick, exactly like the second, I will get, if not in the forehead, then in the body! How many meters are there from the entrance to the entrance?
PySy.If with even small skills you can miss from a distance of 10-15m, then Margolin, Tokarev, Stechkin, Makarov just made them for nothing, damn it.

[Kote Pan Kokhanka]

I am not kidding! At the last shooting on Wednesday. From ten meters two tens one nine, the fourth in six but below the affected area (with A4 sheet). The dog jerked.
Brick and slingshot are more of an intuitive weapon. Now, if you knocked down a beer bottle from 50 meters with an acorn from a sling. Then I was pleasantly surprised.

[Sling cutter]

Quote: Kote pane Kohanka

Brick and slingshot are more of an intuitive weapon. Now, if you knocked down a beer bottle from 50 meters with an acorn from a sling. Then I was pleasantly surprised.

Oh oh oh)))) We wet in different ways, as we want, even carp from a crossbow))) but in fact, on New Year's Eve we went to the shooting range with children (in normal), even children 7-8 years old freely fell, (again A-4 - head target), and everyone hit the belt, but when a hundred with a Kalashmat callimator, "the boys' hands are weak, they lift up"))))))

[Kote Pan Kokhanka]

By a hundred, this is already a long barrel. There are other principles and approaches to shooting with the exception of breathing.

[Sling cutter]

Quote: Kote pane Kohanka

By a hundred, this is already a long barrel. There are other principles and approaches to shooting with the exception of breathing.

My friends! Well, why two ladies?
Buddy, well, don't load it)))) If about the shooting range, there are several of them, but in one place)))) Polygon in one word))) there are also cartridges, and since we are former or future military personnel, no one is trained in shooting canceled))) Children from 20 meters confidently knock their "head" from Margolin and this in a couple of hours))))

[Kote Pan Kokhanka]

Dear Stroporez, we again went in a circle. I just simply developed your idea that sometimes everyone misses the mark.
In my presence, the Russian champion in applied shooting from service weapons made a mess with two "pancakes" at a distance of 5 meters. A similar story happened with my friend, the head of the department "TSP" did not set the standard from 15 meters three rounds to target 8 in 12 seconds. Fighting officer and daubed. I can go on long and tediously. From teachers of firepower training in front of cadets, to super athletes who have medals like the neighboring Tuzik. How many guys and girls fail the "fire" in stressful situations, I basically keep silent. Someone has a fiery one - this is an eternal roulette, pan or disappear. Especially girls.
Now about Pushkin. Contemporaries wrote that he could hit a playing card from 10 meters. Something that's pretty good even today.
I apologize wildly for the statement that “you are far from the shooter”. Guys definitely need to instill the ability to shoot accurately will always come in handy in life. "
Good morning everyone!

[kalibr]

Most importantly, I don't understand what he wants to prove. It does not matter how he shoots, how you, how I - by the way, I have the paper of a bullet shooting instructor from the Soviet era. He invited the girls to the shooting range, shot at a nail, and when he started swinging, he shot at the swinging one ... That's how he seduced his future wife. But ... it is not this that is important, but the testimony of the seconds recorded in the court documents. And they say it all!

[Xscorpion]

Quote: Stroporez

Quote: Kote pane Kohanka

once it is clear that you are a person far from weapons. Believe me, everyone "smears" from 15 meters and from 10 meters, professionals and sportsmen,

I showed my son the results from a slingshot, one or two nuts = a dead crow ... What are you talking about now? With all due respect, Colleague, I will never believe that from Margolin or from the PM from 15 m you can miss the waist "figure"! Are you laughing or what? I now give you a guarantee that 1/3 of a brick, exactly like the second, I will get, if not in the forehead, then in the body! How many meters are there from the entrance to the entrance?
PySy.If with even small skills you can miss from a distance of 10-15m, then Margolin, Tokarev, Stechkin, Makarov just made them for nothing, damn it.

A common exercise in a shooting range for obtaining a short-barreled license is shooting from a PM from a distance of 8 meters. 4 shots are given, at least 2 hits are required to qualify. Would you know how many people then go to retake due to the fact that even 2 times out of four cannot hit the target from 8 meters.

[Grim Reaper]

Quote: Kote Pan Kokhanka

Quote: Stroporez

Author!!! From 15 meters you can hit the forehead with a stone !!! If you want to say that you converged up to 15 .. and only nerves ... well, if not in the forehead, then you get into the figure, even, practically, not wielding a weapon, provided that both duelists owned it.

It is immediately clear that you are a person far from weapons. Believe me, everyone "smears" from 15 meters and 10 meters, professionals and shooters, athletes from the PM and sports Margolin. About the dueling pistols of those years, in principle, I am silent. Asked for a week given to shoot. Modern skills are fiction, the sensations are completely different, having shot at eight, hooked the target only once, the owner of the pistols hit two of them, but the spread was more than 60 seconds in 6

so I'm talking about what I'm talking about, but they don't believe me d

[vladcub]

Life will be insipid without speculation

[Kote Pan Kokhanka]

Quote: vladcub

Life will be insipid without speculation

Vlad, who are we going to trade in rabid kittens, or five-legged sabachat?

[Ingvar 72]

Quote: kalibr

There are no answers to them. There is a lot of speculation!

T. t. Versions, right? Vyacheslav, well, you understand that one of these versions may turn out to be true, and the official version is speculation?

[vladcub]

Life is impossible without conspiracy?

[Kote Pan Kokhanka]

Quote: vladcub

Life is impossible without conspiracy?

Uh-huh namesake, otherwise I wondered that my kosh, she looked at us suspiciously when we were going to the village. Apparently she planned to stir up a disco in the evening.

[Ingvar 72]

If you do not see a gopher, it does not mean that it is not there!

[Kote Pan Kokhanka]

Quote: Ingvar 72

If you do not see a gopher, it does not mean that it is not there!

Gophers can be seen under every second bush and - the first hole!
The only trouble is that the tiger crept up unnoticed.
The question is why would anyone order Pushkin?

[Ingvar 72]

There are reasons - mom do not cry!

[RoTTor]

Do not repeat the old school bullshit for mentally retarded children. Also from hearsay.
You have to read and think with your head.
1. What% of literate people were in the Republic of Ingushetia at that time?
2. What circulation of books were there then?
It will be immediately clear that the poets were widely known in very narrow circles.

READ PUSHKIN'S LETTERS IN THE RECENT VOLUMES OF PSS PUSHKIN, and also his materials about Pugachev and how Nikolai Pavlovich really treated Pushkin.

And Lermontov was completely loyal and loyal to the Tsar.

[kalibr]

Quote: RoTTor

Do not repeat the old school bullshit for mentally retarded children. Also from hearsay.

Harasho said! Young man! Dzhigit sovsem!

[Private-K]

What to say, if Voltaire himself, during his lifetime, was read by literally several thousand people in the world, and constantly - several hundred.

[bk0010]

Quote: Magog_

Pushkin and a duel, Lermontov and also a duel - in each case, a subtly organized murder.

Both ran into trouble (especially Pushkin) and both got theirs.

[Aviator_]

As far as I remember, the reason for the quarrel between Lermontov and Martynov was not Martynov's clothes, but an epigram on him, where his sexual abilities were offensively commented on. Lermontov wrote it, or whoever else is now unknown, but Martynov decided to shoot with Lermontov.

[vladcub]

It is quite possible that Lermontov was the author of the epigram. Now we can only guess on the coffee grounds, how it was there. Perhaps M. Yu read aloud or wrote to someone in the album, then it was fashionable

[A. Privalov]

First there was a duel between Pushkin and Dantes, then a duel between Lermontov and Martynov. Logically, after this there should have been a final Martynov - Dantes!

[kalibr]

Quote: A. Privalov

final Martynov - Dantes!

They had nothing to share!

[3x3zsave]

Here, Vyacheslav Olegovich, your sense of humor let you down ...

[kalibr]

Anton, I have a bad sense of humor. Or rather, let's just say I don't have much time for it. "The importance of Being Earnest"

[3x3zsave]

I'm in the know, Vyacheslav Olegovich. It’s not that bad with you ... It’s so original ...

[Sling cutter]

Quote: kalibr

They had nothing to share!

In terms of??!!

[Kote Pan Kokhanka]

Quote: A. Privalov

First there was a duel between Pushkin and Dantes, then a duel between Lermontov and Martynov. Logically, after this there should have been a final Martynov - Dantes!

Quote: Stroporez

Quote: kalibr

They had nothing to share!

In terms of??!!

The title of the main "killer of the golden age of Russian poetry."

[nnm]

Well, to be honest, that Pushkin, that Lermontov, unfortunately, found a really sad, but quite natural end. The character of both was God forbid, as well as behavior in society. Especially Pushkin.
Therefore, no matter how sad it was, they both brought themselves to such a death more than naturally.

[Kote Pan Kokhanka]

Quote: nnm

The character of both was God forbid, as well as behavior in society.

Yeah, are they measuring the length of the nail on the little finger with Griboyedov? You have to be able to do this.

[astra wild2]

Who is the first villain

[Captain45]

Quote: kalibr

They had nothing to share!

How nothing! And who "flunked" the coolest poet in Russia, who is the coolest killer?

[Avior]

Black humor
Duel championship according to the Olympic rules playoffs

[Kote Pan Kokhanka]

Quote: Avior

Black humor
Duel championship according to the Olympic rules playoffs

In!!! Thanks for the idea! It will be necessary to sign in the dash of the running "hog" on the back - Dantes! Maybe I will hit more often.

[Grim Reaper]

Quote: A. Privalov

First there was a duel between Pushkin and Dantes, then a duel between Lermontov and Martynov. Logically, after this there should have been a final Martynov - Dantes!

you figured yourself out. With all due respect to you.

[astra wild2]

Good evening . Vyacheslav Olegovich, as always, I've found something new ..
I read about the reason for the duel for a long time. I think I read on the website that Martynov had a reputation: arrogant, but cowardly. Lermontov was a brave man and despised the cowardly Martynov.
It seems that Lermontov and Stolypin "Monty" were sure that Martynov would get cold feet and they would "eat" him with ridicule.

[nnm]

In this part, you can read Weller. He has both the character of Pushkin and the character of Lermontov really interesting and motivated described.
But courage in battle and behavior in society in the case of Lermontov are not identical concepts.

[burigaz2010]

Dear Astra, Lermontov was not just sharp-tongued, he really insulted people even very close to him. Martynov, for example, called him a monkey, although they were friendly. Martynov seemed to endure for a year, and could not stand it. Unfortunately, talent does not make a person good! That Pushkin and Lermontov, frankly speaking, were very bad comrades!

[kalibr]

Quote: Astra wild2

I think I read on the site that Martynov had a reputation: arrogant, but cowardly.

He was a military officer, who more than once participated in battles with the mountaineers and wrote very good poetry about it ...

[RoTTor]

and to the majors for beautiful eyes and military orders Martynov was awarded for beautiful eyes ...
Read serious books ...

[astra wild2]

Quote: RoTTor

and to the majors for beautiful eyes and military orders Martynov was awarded for beautiful eyes ...
Read serious books ...

You probably forgot what you told in the Soviet school in history lessons?
It seems that "Free Wind" (I forgot how to do it correctly) on the site spoke negatively about Martynov, and he is more educated than me.

[Avior]

... Nikolai Martynov "received an excellent education, was a very well-read person and wrote poetry from an early age" [1]. Almost simultaneously with Lermontov, he entered the school of cadets, where he was the poet's usual partner in fencing on espadrons. After serving for some time in the Cavalry Regiment, Martynov in 1837 volunteered for the Caucasus and participated in the expedition of the Caucasian detachment for the Kuban. He was awarded the Order of St. Anna, 3rd degree with a bow. By the time of the quarrel with Lermontov, he had the rank of major in retirement.

[kalibr]

Quote: Astra wild2

Have you forgotten what you told in history lessons in the Soviet school?

And many praise her here? Well, physics may have been taught well. But the story ... Solid lies!

[astra wild2]

Vyacheslav Olegovich, I have 2 questions: 1) as I understood, the dueling pistols were not preserved?
2) can you trust the words of Velyaminov? These words radically change the opinion that the emperor had a negative attitude towards Lermontov and almost rejoiced at his death.

[kalibr]

First question: no. Second: who can know for sure?

[astra wild2]

What do you think?

[kalibr]

No Astra! In such cases, I do not think in any way!

[astra wild2]

And you are smart: very reasonable

[RoTTor]

One of our greatest rulers of the EIV, Nikolai Pavlovich, highly valued the poetry of Lermontov, especially "Borodino", but did not tolerate violations of military articles and discipline from any of the officers.
M.Yu. Lermontov was burdened by military service and lagged behind in ranks from his peers, had already decided to retire and study literature.
Literary earnings at that time, with scanty circulations, could not be lived. But the state allowed Lermontov to study literature without thinking about money.
It was at that time that his resignation letter was already going through the authorities, at that time it was not a problem.
Alas, he didn't have time, his character let him down

[astra wild2]

Didn't know such details

[A. Privalov]

For the duel Martynov was sentenced to demotion and imprisonment in a fortress. Nicholas I subsequently commuted the sentence. The three-month guardhouse was replaced by church repentance. This repentance, however, turned out to be very harsh. In Kiev, where Martynov had gone, a penance was imposed on him for a period of fifteen years. However, in 1846 the Holy Synod took pity on the former major. Martynov was released from further repentance.
After that, the killer of Lermontov returned to the family estate, to the Nizhny Novgorod province. Soon after that, he married Sophia Proskur-Suschanskaya. In family life Martynov was happy, he and his wife had 11 children. The family soon moved to a small estate near Moscow, and then to the city itself.
Unlike Dantes, Martynov obviously regretted becoming the poet's murderer. It is known that every year, on the day of the sad duel, he ordered a memorial service in memory of Lermontov. There is evidence that in the last years of his life he was seriously carried away by spiritualism, and even tried to evoke the spirit of the poet he had killed.

[RoTTor]

A participant in an honest duel, even a forbidden one, NEVER A KILLER!
The kind and sweet man Martynov could not help but regret that his school classmate and friend Lermontov was honestly killed by him in a duel because of the boyish fervor of the victim himself.

[RoTTor]

I read once published at the end of the 19th century, a book of recollections of contemporaries - comrades in the military school, colleagues about Lermontov.
Alas, as a person, no one remembered him well, unlike the kind-hearted and everyone's favorite, his classmate Martynov, already a major.
Apparently, childhood problems, small stature, slight limp and unsympathetic appearance developed an aggressive inferiority complex in the great poet.
Sorry for my beloved poet, but fact is fact.

[kalibr]

And he was jealous of Martynov and there were reasons for that ... Oh, you should go to our Tarkhany ... It's so good there, the guides tell so interesting. I’ve been there many times, just like in Pyatigorsk. All materials were copied back when they were. It is a pity that the oak has been knocked down by a thunderstorm. A piece of the trunk lies only ... Of course, at the time of Lermontov, the estate was really ... disgusting, not like now. But then they lived like that ... So you can - visit!

[vladcub]

I also read that M. Yu was, to put it mildly, a difficult character, it is believed that he encouraged hazing and in school he liked to swagger over the younger ones.
How true is that?

[Avior]

Martynov, as far as I understand, did not differ in height either

[Taoist]

As for the "organized duel" and fake murder .... I doubt it very much ... I had the pleasure of being personally acquainted with many creative people. As a rule, in personal communication they are, let's say, "peculiar" ... Lermontov, on the other hand, was generally distinguished by his intolerable disposition and extremely "misanthropic" behavior. Yes, and with discipline he (like a military man) did not work out very well. In general, this is a completely natural result at a time when it was customary to answer for words at the barrier ...

[Richard]

Prince Alexander Vasilchikov, the poet's second, recalled Mikhail Lermontov as a man in whom two personalities coexisted: to most of his acquaintances, he seemed arrogant, and only close friends knew him as easily vulnerable and good-natured. It was this external "cockiness" and the ability to sneer at others that "helped" Lermontov to replenish the number of his enemies.

[vladcub]

Good evening. Now I have found the time to "drop" on the site. With all my desire, I cannot cancel: the work (for now) is a vegetable garden, Kostya will understand me, in the village in the spring the work is rushing and rushing. Plus, um, between us boys, there is still constant interference

[kalibr]

But from me you always +. A trifle, but nice!

[vladcub]

I remember you said that you put Astra +. It is clear there, she is a lady and knows history quite well, only she enters the Armament. And I am as much like a lady as you are like Karl Marx

[astra wild2]

Thank you for your complimentary assessment. But I think your comparison of Marx and Vyacheslav Olegovich is not entirely successful

[kalibr]

But you are kind of sincere. This is my impression. And it's worth a lot! And I do not look like Marx at all - there is no beard.

[vladcub]

In Oh, I have a difficult relationship with you: Valery and you, Eduard, unfortunately, very rarely happens, the brightest authors of the site. So you need to read and think carefully. At least in order to quarrel with you

[astra wild2]

I'll try to guess: a skirt?

[Richard]

They buried him in his native land, in the church that stood and stands not far from the estate

They don't bury in churches, Vyacheslav Olegovich. His grave is on
family cemetery, later enclosed in the walls and ceiling of the cemetery chapel
Initially, he was buried in the old cemetery of Pyatigorsk. After the burial, the poet's grandmother E.A. Arsenyev insisted that the grandson's ashes be transported to the family burial vault in the village of Tarkhany. It should be noted that at that time it was very difficult to achieve the reburial of a person. But Elizaveta Alekseevna turned to the emperor and received permission. In the spring of 1842, the poet was buried in his homeland. So, it turns out that Lermontov's grave is located in two cities. Officially, the poet's remains lie in the family cemetery in Tarkhany next to the graves of his mother and grandfather. In 1843, E. A. Arsenyeva built a chapel over their graves.
a photo The place of the original burial of Lermontov in Pyatigorsk

[bk0010]

Quote: Richard

They don't bury in churches, Vyacheslav Olegovich.

If he coughed normally, he would be buried: I read about the fact that the "real boys of that time" believed that a grave within the church fence was a guaranteed ticket to heaven, despite all the sins. True, I can confuse it with the monastery: I read it for a long time.

[Richard]

The conversation is about this grave in Tarkhany

about whom Vyacheslav Olegovich mistakenly wrote that she was in church.
I don’t need to explain the difference between a church and a crypt chapel in the family cemetery.

[The point]

They got ahead of me. Below there is a modern photo of the original burial of Lermontov in Pyatigorsk.

[stroybat ZABVO]

At 7 hi from Argentina.
I knew Martynov's granddaughter. She is a poet in St. Petersburg. I recently read an article by her husband.

[gorenina91]

- In general ... a duel ... is a very cruel and blind "weapon of murder" ...
- And in a duel ... - there is no "category of comparability" ... - You can be a complete insignificance and learn to shoot well (constantly train); and then "watch for the situation" and on some trifle, allegedly ... - to receive an "insult" in your address and then take advantage of this ... - challenge to a duel (or create all this "sonorous dissonance" when the duel becomes inevitable ) and at the same time not in the least think about the fact that you will not shoot with the same notorious insignificance and idler, which you yourself are ...
- Different "weight categories" and historical personalities completely different in "significance and value of their society" ... - and they have the same opportunities ... - And to nothing ... - just to "shoot" and save their supposedly "status "(he has nothing of value ... - so he rushes about with his" status "...
- Then the insignificance kills the great ... - Well, the great ... - and remains great ... - because ... - he has no equal ... - And the insignificance gets a part of the vile "fame" ... - and all this fame the insignificance gets at the expense of the death of the great ... - This is such an injustice ... - insignificance killed the great pet; and then also "clinging" to his greatness ...
- Well, insignificance is insignificance; but how "unfair" are the duels ...

[kalibr]

Very well you said!

[bk0010]

Quote: gorenina91

Here you can be a complete nonentity and learn to shoot well (train constantly)

And the called party will choose the protazani as a weapon. Or poison.

Quote: gorenina91

receive an "insult" in your address

There is nothing to offend. Now duels would make society healthy.

[Ilya22558]

Well, this is in its pure form "the glory of Herostratus"))))

[Narak-zempo]

This is how about all people of the corresponding class lived. Photo by the author

Some kind of straight shovel scoop, and also carpets on the floor.

[Pereira]

It's right. You have to live in a European way. Cover the shit on the floor of the castle with a layer of straw.

[Trilobite Master]

Interesting article, thank you, Vyacheslav Olegovich.
Thoughtfully reading it (and comments) happened only today. It was amusing that the article is a bit like a certificate in a criminal case.
To be honest, I myself have never been interested in the subject matter of Lermontov's relationship with Martynov, so I can only judge its circumstances from the materials of the article and general information about the personality of the participants in the events.
The victim's personality has been studied sufficiently. I will only note such qualities of him that are important for the cause, such as personal courage and constant sarcasm, a willingness to provoke conflicts.
As for the suspect, he did not show any outstanding qualities, therefore, assessing the motivation of his actions, one should proceed from the norms of behavior adopted at that time in this class and in a given area.
To begin with, the testimony of ALL witnesses regarding the instigator of the duel should be assessed critically. Their task was not to bring the truth to the investigation commission, but to mitigate the guilt of the surviving participant in the duel, regardless of who it would be. It makes sense to assume a preliminary conspiracy of the participants, their approval of testimony, even before the start of the duel itself.
Thus, we can only say with certainty that the suspect was the initiator of the duel, and the reason was the wit of the victim. Whether the reason was at the same time the reason for the duel, it is impossible to say unequivocally. However, some indirect evidence suggests that the suspect could have had persistent personal hostility towards the victim, while the victim, due to frivolity and disdain for the suspect, did not attach any importance to this hostility.
Under the terms of the duel. It was in the interests of all participants in the event to present the conditions of the duel as the mildest and safest. However, fifteen steps between the barriers is the minimum distance possible for this type of duel. If the information about the agreement of the seconds about a duel with three shots is correct, then only one conclusion can be drawn - the duel was planned in advance as a duel to the death. At the same time, it is noteworthy that the format of the duel itself assumes the least influence of the factor of chance on its result (compare, for example, with a duel by lot, which was very popular at that time), allowing duelists to rely more on their own skill in handling weapons ...
I draw your attention to the fact that both duelists agreed with such conditions of the duel. We do not know who proposed and approved the terms of the duel, how the negotiations between the seconds took place, however, from the final conditions of the duel (even without taking into account the information about three shots) it is clear that at least one of its participants, and possibly both, certainly wanted destroy your opponent, minimizing the risk of your own death as much as possible.
During the duel.

Judging by the act of medical examination of the body of the murdered, Lermontov stood with his right side to Martynov, as it should be, but his right arm was extended upwards.

I am not familiar with this act, therefore I cannot judge whether the conclusions regarding the position of the body and hand of the victim during the shooting of the suspect are correct. How can you tell if the arm was extended upwards or towards the opponent if

Lermontov fell, being wounded in the right side right through

it's hard for me to say. The very same wound right through suggests that the suspect's pistol was loaded, which is called "to the eyeballs."
Likewise, the behavior of a suspect during a duel may indicate his decisive disposition to kill the victim. According to the rules of the duel, the duelists after the command "Come together" have no right to stop or linger. It is inconvenient to shoot on the move - the performance is lower, so the participants in the duel, who were more determined, tried to overcome the distance to the barrier as quickly as possible in order to stand near it to be able to make a more aimed shot, which we see in the behavior of the suspect.
Based on the above, I propose such a reconstruction of events.
Mediocre in all respects, Martnynov was mocked by Lermontov, which gave rise to hatred of the latter. Perhaps there were other reasons for this hatred. Lermontov, in relation to Martynov, could only feel condescending contempt. Lermontov is a representative of the aristocracy, Martynov is of the service nobility. The difference in social status is enormous.
Taking advantage of another pretext, Martynov challenges Lermontov to a duel and sets the most severe conditions. Lermontov, with his characteristic frivolity, agrees with these conditions. During the duel Martynov, ahead of Lermontov, goes to the barrier and takes aim at the latter. When Lermontov goes to the barrier, reducing the distance to a minimum, and starts aiming, Martynov shoots.
Conclusion - cold-blooded and deliberate murder from personal hostile relationships.

[3x3zsave]

Bravo, Michael!

[kalibr]

Quote: 3x3zsave

Conclusion - cold-blooded and deliberate murder from personal hostile relationships.

Written by a professional!

[3x3zsave]

This is - yes! I was really looking forward to Mikhail's opinion yesterday, but it didn't work out.

[Avior]

Sorry, but in my opinion your version doesn't quite agree with the factual side

As for the suspect, he did not show any outstanding qualities.

How could he not show if he, having studied at the same time as Lermontov, managed to get a major and retire, marked with an order, far ahead of the poet in his military career. Militarily, Martynov was undoubtedly much more successful.

the testimony of ALL witnesses regarding the instigator of the duel should be assessed critically.

Martynov did not hide the fact that he challenged Lermontov to a duel.

I draw your attention to the fact that both duelists agreed with such conditions of the duel.

Thus, it is not clear how in this case one side can be considered guilty in the conditions of a duel.

The very same wound right through suggests that the suspect's pistol was loaded, which is called "to the eyeballs."

The seconds charged, the same way.

Lermontov is a representative of the aristocracy, Martynov is of the service nobility.

Martynov is from a family of rich columnar nobles, and Lermontov is the son of a poor provincial landowner from an impoverished family, a retired captain. His maternal grandmother was well-connected, yes.
Lermontov did not enjoy success with his peers in his youth, all his complexes and unbearable character come from there. That's when he got fame as a writer, then they got out.
In a time when duels were common, for a while he was protected by the glory that came, but it is not surprising that this could not continue indefinitely.

[Trilobite Master]

Quote: Avior

Militarily, Martynov was undoubtedly much more successful.

You find? May be. But, in my opinion, a completely ordinary career of a completely ordinary person, of which there were tens of thousands in the Russian Empire.

Quote: Avior

Martynov did not hide the fact that he challenged Lermontov to a duel.

I explained why I do not consider the testimony of the witnesses to be fully credible. Of course, there is some truth in them, but not all.

Quote: Avior

it is not clear how in this case one side can be considered guilty in the conditions of a duel

I explained.

Quote: Avior

The seconds charged, the same way.

We do not know who exactly charged and what could have been in his head at that time. But the fact remains - in any case, Martynov's weapon was loaded to the fullest.

Quote: Avior

Martynov is from a family of wealthy columnar nobles, and Lermontov is the son of a poor provincial landowner

Lermontov was included in the highest aristocratic circles of the empire without any connection with his literary work. Martynov - no.
In general, I do not pretend to be the herald of truth in this matter. I simply analyzed the information presented in the article, how a judge could have done this with a criminal case that fell into his hands, and presented my conclusions, nothing more.
In my opinion, the available information suggests that Martynov planned and carried out the murder.

[Avior]

... But, in my opinion, quite an ordinary career of a quite ordinary person

Lermontov did not have it

We do not know who exactly charged and what could have been in his head at that time. But the fact remains - in any case, Martynov's weapon was loaded to the fullest.

Actually, this is not a fact, but your guess. We don't know how much gunpowder there was.

Lermontov was included in the highest aristocratic circles of the empire without any connection with his literary work. Martynov - no.

More precisely, the grandmother came in and dragged in her grandson.
The grandson was not dragged in in any way. He was expelled from the university, from the guard too - to the dragoon regiment in the Caucasus.
Martynov, an officer of the Guard, goes to the Caucasus as a volunteer and makes a fast military career there, not so typical. It is clear that Lermontov is annoyed, they studied together.
But he does not take into account that the grandmother is not around, and the military relations are harsh, death is a common thing there, the war is going on.
So the story ended tragically.

[Trilobite Master]

Whatever the career achievements of our defendants, in fact, they have nothing to do with the issue under consideration. But if you want to believe that Martynov made a successful, distinguished career, retiring with the rank of major at the age of 26, then your right is yours.
As for Lermontov, he didn't give a damn about a military career, he was also going to retire, so one can hardly talk about envy here.
But the fact that Martynov also tried to realize himself in literature may just lead to some thoughts about the envy of the artisan to the artist, etc.
However, for the issue under consideration, this all has not the slightest relation.

[Avior]

From your version, it can be understood that Martynov, out of envy of the lucky Lermontov, made a deadly duel.
Although this does not have the slightest facts.
Then everyone who had a decent education tried to write, and Martynov is no exception. And literature was then evaluated differently - who knows Martynov's cousin Zagoskin, who was then popular to write?
Martynov, in fact, is a self-sufficient person, a major in his 25 years, which cannot be said about Lermontov, for example, in the story with Sushcheva, revenge for teenage insults.
Martynov perfectly understood the consequences of the duel with Lermontov, knowing his literary fame and the capabilities of his grandmother. And he went to a duel only when Lermontov's classmate crossed all possible boundaries, and Martynov, without humiliating himself, could no longer pretend that nothing special was happening and become a laughing stock.
It is clear that earlier not all duels ended in death, but by no means all of them had grounds. It is clear that people did not seriously shoot themselves in a duel on a nonsense reason.
But that was not the case.

[Trilobite Master]

I say - murder out of personal hostile relationships.

[Avior]

In this case, self-defense. Lermontov had a pistol.

[Trilobite Master]

Self-defense is when attacked. From the point of view of the law, a duel is murder. In this case, the murder was conceived and carried out by Martynov.

[Avior]

Lermontov and attacked. He had a weapon, he came to a duel, the rules of the duel were supposed to shoot, Lermontov did not express clearly and unequivocally that he would not shoot, respectively, Martynov had every reason to believe that Lermontov was trying to kill him, respectively, he had the right to self-defense.
And self-defense is not murder.

[Trilobite Master]

Martynov made the call, so he attacked. In general, in such cases, the deed is classified according to the consequences.
For example, a certain A. had a falling out with a certain B. and suggested that he "figure it out with his fists." B. offered to "figure it out with knives," A. agreed. As a result, A. suffered serious harm to his health, and B. - of moderate severity. I will both sit - one for causing grievous harm, the other for causing moderate harm.
In the case of Martynov and Lermontov, in my opinion, the circumstances of the case clearly indicate that Martynov's intent was precisely in the murder of Lermontov, and in nothing else, for which he created all the necessary and possible prerequisites and conditions.
And the fact that he himself risked - so criminals always take risks, even attacking a pensioner.
Whether Lermontov wanted to kill Martynov is unclear. Maybe he wanted to, but from the known circumstances this does not follow at all. Rather, they testify to Lermontov's frivolous attitude to everything that happens, but not about intent to kill.

[Avior]

Nobody physically drove Lermontov to a duel, he himself came there and took a pistol in his hands. So in your categories, self-defense.
But in reality ...
The duel took place according to the then accepted rules. There was nothing beyond the rules in the duel, the duel was a legitimate, albeit illegal, way of resolving just this type of conflict.
In society, and the authorities themselves treated this with understanding, although formally the participants were punished. In society, Martynov's reputation did not suffer from the duel.
And even Lermontov's grandmother, with all her high connections, could not take revenge on Martynov.
It would not have been Martynov, it would have been someone else. Lermontov's behavior made such an outcome inevitable.

[Darkness]

Well written!

[The point]

They buried him in his native land, in the church that stood and stands not far from the estate.
I'll add my five cents. Vyacheslav did not mention that the poet was originally buried on the slope of Mashuk, and only later his remains were reburied in the family estate.

[Grim Reaper]

It's interesting. IN. Gave a point to comments that it hasn't been for many years.

[Grim Reaper]

Well, in the sense of the number

[mmaxx]

It's all sad. But then, in the light of this, they treated it like this: "If not for Martynov today, then any other tomorrow." Got everyone's MJ pretty good.

[LTMax]

Quote: Richard

They don't bury in churches,

I am wildly sorry, but what about the Peter and Paul Cathedral in St. Petersburg? And also in Sergiev Posad. as far as I remember, there is a burial in the basement of the church.

[Leonov Oleg]

The saber with the Order of St. Svyatoslav is simply a masterpiece. I will write it down for myself.

[The point]

In the fall of 2020, while in Pyatigorsk, I visited the Lermontov Museum-Reserve. If anyone is interested, here is the link.

[akarfoxhound]

Chic article

[547807955]

Youth is stupidity. And the Decembrists and ......., and now almost depopulated Russia.

[Baron pardus]

We, still at school, a teacher of Russian. literature said that Lermontov and, especially, Pushkin were very dishonorable people, slanderous gossips, slanderers and schemers. Which, as she said, "in no way diminishes their talents." And that Lemrntov spent a very, very long time driving Martynov, who could not compare with Lermontov in wit, and that, being subjected to constant barbs and humiliations from Lermontov, to which he, Martynov, could not answer (well, his tongue was not so suspended), with Martynov there was simply no other way out, since Lermontov became more impudent as he went on. Just like that for a duel where it is possible to shoot three times is not called. And they simply DO NOT agree to these conditions. Lermontov liked to verbally mock Martynov, push him and revel in his impotence to answer, the further the more. Martynov had no choice but to duel, and Lermontov simply lost awareness of how much he got Martynov. This is roughly what we were told at school.