Soviet howitzer D-30 caliber 122 mm

Studying captured German guns, the designers, under the direction of F. Petrov, developed a new layout for artillery gun layout - two sliding fire stations were replaced by three fire beds, the undercarriage was completed on the upper machine. The carrier frame of fixed performance, the other two sliding with an angle of separation of 120 degrees in the combat position. To install the gun in the combat position with a screw jack, the upper machine with a howitzer is lowered onto the lower machine, the wheels of the gun are raised above the ground. The time required to bring the weapon into the combat position 100-150 seconds. The main feature that acquired howitzer - the possibility of circular fire without any additional movements of the gun. The howitzer has a small height of the line of fire, which makes it possible to use these weapons in anti-tank defenses, in suppressing various enemy firing points and in destroying the enemy’s well-fortified field structures. The howitzer was developed by Sverdlovsk OKB-9 of the M. Kalinin art-works and was intended to replace the M-30 howitzer in service.

The main purpose:
- the destruction personally of the composition of the enemy in open areas and located in field fortifications;
- the suppression of fire field enemy firing points;
- Destruction of well-fortified enemy field facilities, such as a bunker;
- ensuring the passage of their infantry units in enemy obstacles, such as a minefield or wire fence;
- opposition to ground combat equipment of the enemy.

The device and composition of the howitzer gun D-30
The howitzer consists of the following main parts:
- trunk;
- wheel chocks;
- carriage;
- sights.

Trunk
The barrel consists of the pipe itself, the 2-x slit muzzle brake, anchors, clamps, breech and a breech with a barrel length 38 caliber. The loading of ammunition into the gun barrel is a separate-sleeve manual type.

recoil device
The howitzers' underride gear consists of a brake and an intake gear.

Lafet
The carriage is made of upper and lower machines, a cradle, a balancing mechanism, drives for vertical-horizontal pickup, cushioning mechanisms, wheels and howitzers are mounted in the stowed position. Circular shooting is limited to angles of elevation to 18 degrees, to 70 degrees shooting is limited to the sector of the location of the beds. Suspension of levers - torsion, when the wheels hit a hole or on an obstacle, the wheel levers turn and twist the torsions. Due to the use of elastic steel in torsions, they, like springs, begin to unwind and return the levers to the factory position.

Sights
Aiming devices - telescopic and panoramic sights.

Swinging Howitzer Part:
- trunk;
- wheel chocks;
- cradle;
- sights.

The rotating part of the howitzer:
- swinging part;
- wheel drive;
- top machine;
- combat shield;
- balancing mechanism;
- drives aiming.

Fixed part of the howitzer:
- lower machine;
- three beds;
- hydraulic jack.

The semi-automatic wedge bolt provided a high rate of fire for such a caliber - 8 rds / min, and the layout of the barrel, where the recoil brake and knurler are located on top, helped reduce the gun's line of fire to 900 mm. All this made it possible to reduce the height of the howitzer and increase the camouflage characteristics in combat conditions.

For firing in the howitzer D-30 used high-explosive fragmentation ammunition with increased power 3OF56. Used ammunition and other types:
- anti-cumulative;
- smoke;
- special chemicals;
- fragmentation;
- armor-piercing-cumulative (very rarely);
- lighting;
- propaganda.

In addition, in the future, special ammunition was developed with an increased range of damage, active-reactive type. Some of them were produced abroad, where howitzers were delivered from the Soviet Union. The firing range of active-reactive ammunition was more than 21 kilometer.

Howitzer transportation
Due to the unusual design of the gun, the howitzer transport is also a bit unusual. The beds are interconnected and suspended from the gun barrel. The howitzer itself is transported by the pivot device, which is made on the muzzle of the barrel. The mechanisms used in wheeled howitzers allowed to transport it at a fairly high speed - up to 80 km / h (equipped roads). For transportation on snow-covered roads, the howitzer is equipped with a ski installation, although firing from it becomes impossible. Small overall weight characteristics made it possible to use a howitzer in the airborne units or to carry out a landing from an aircraft to support the troops.

This howitzer was widely distributed not only in the Army of the Soviet Union, but also in the camps of the Warsaw Pact and allied camps. Howitzer was created in the USSR and under license in a number of other states. And although today its production is discontinued, it has always been valued by the troops for simplicity, reliability, fire capability and mobility. There are in service - Russia, Hungary, Vietnam, Lebanon, China, Mongolia, Romania, Ukraine and Afghanistan. Perhaps there are in service with Poland, Iraq, the Czech Republic and Slovakia.



Combat application
One of the best-known howitzer uses in combat is Afghanistan (1979-89 of the Year). Used in Iran-Iraq military conflicts and in Chechen companies.

Howitzer modifications:
- D-30 - the first Soviet base howitzer;
- D-30А - modernized Soviet serial howitzer;
- D-30Y - Yugoslav modification of the Soviet howitzer. Firing range - 17.5 kilometers;
- Saddam howitzer - Iraqi modification of a Soviet howitzer;

- Type 86 - Chinese modification of the Soviet howitzer.

Self-powered equipment with D-30:
- SAU 2C1 "Gvozdika" - the Soviet version of using a mobile chassis with a D-30 howitzer;
- SAU 22 "Violet" - Soviet self-propelled howitzer based on BMD-1;
- T34 / 122 - Syrian conversion option tank T-34-85 and the installation of 122 mm howitzers on it;
- T-34 / 122 - Egyptian version of the self-propelled howitzer based on the T-34-85. Different from the Syrian version of the installation of armor plates with the ability to recline on the loops. The weight of the car turned out to be a little more, however, the speed and maneuverability of the chassis from the T-34-85 tank did not practically affect it;

- SAU SP-122 - a prototype of a self-propelled howitzer. Created for the ground forces of Egypt by American and British firms, Bowen-McLaughlin-York and Royal Ordnance. Chassis SAU took from the American SAU M-109. Not commercially available;
- Type 85 - Chinese version of the self-propelled howitzer. Chassis armored transporter Type 531, gun - analogue of the Soviet howitzer D-30;
- T-34 / 122 - Cuban version of a self-propelled howitzer.

Key Features:
- Length - 5.4 meters;
- width - 1.95 meters;
- barrel length - 4.8 meter;
- weight - 3.1 tons;
- distance min / max - 4 / 15.4 kilometer;
- weight of the main ammunition - 21.7 kilogram;
- rate of fire - 8 vyst / min;
- ammunition flight speed - 690 m / s;
- vertical angles min / max - -7 / 70 degrees;
- horizontal angles - 360 degrees;
- tool design - 7 man.

Information sources:
http://ak-inzt.net/arm/768-d-30
http://militaryrussia.ru/blog/topic-507.html
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MnEWTgUzIt0
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G8oYHV-ymd8&feature=related

Comments

[Chicot 1]

Simple, reliable in the field and, most importantly, "soldier-resistant" weapon. A typical example of Soviet artillery ... At the same time, it is quite effective. Export to 35 countries is about something, but it says ...

Atoru "+" for the material ...

However, in one of the photos cited in the article, neither the D-30 nor its derivatives are present. It depicts the Egyptian modernization of the T-34 with a 100mm PT artillery system BS-3 (T-100), the heavy tank IS-3 and self-propelled guns ISU-152 ...

[Brother Sarych]

I was also surprised that they mentioned these systems and posted this photo ...

[Vladimir 70]

Initially, the D-30 was designed for airborne artillery and mountain units, then a decision was made to equip artillery with motorized rifle, tank regiments and some artillery regiments. D-30 was replaced by artillery of motorized rifle and tank regiments by self-propelled guns 2S1, in art. Shelf-2S3 Yes, in the photo not 2S1 self-propelled guns, but 2S3

[rennim]

I do not see Acacia 2C3 on any photo. Its caliber 152. You are mistaken. 2С3М still serve in motorized rifle brigades. This is their workhorse.

[Vladimir 70]

Initially, to the article, there was a photo 2C3. The infantry and tank regiments were armed with 2C1 divisions, with the reorganization of the divisions into brigades, BRAGs with 2C1 and 2C3 armaments were created with the brigades.

[Splin]

Already offended me. Well written, but ... came to Carnation and stopped reading offense. Clear. that the author of the article didn’t ever approach D-30 (this is not so important), but he could look at Gvozdik on the Internet

[Brother Sarych]

Isn’t the modernized D-30 on Gvozdik? I did not understand the essence of the claim ...

[Splin]

The article was a photo of Acacia. She was removed.

[edge]

amazing machine, dearly love tridtsakhu ............

[Prohor]

How does the "anti-tank cumulative" projectile differ from the rare "armor-piercing cumulative"?

And what kind of mujahideen are operating our "thirty"?

Sagittarius, on ..! From dawn until late in the evening they were brought to a combat situation, how to shoot - they almost fled to Pakistan!
Hmmm, these "warriors" have nothing to do near Prokhorovka ...

[bazilio]

Really a great sample. Not for nothing that the Iraqis gave her the nickname Gardens.

[marshes]

122mm Semser self-propelled howitzer.

[Yemelya]

The article is about nothing. A brief history of creation, as in the directory, TTX and a few photos (not all in the subject).
Question: why are such articles needed at all, even if there is more information on Wikipedia?

"Plus" just for the photo of the Cuban SPG.

And here is the Syrian T-34 with the D-30:

[Karmin]

Quote: Emelya

The howitzer itself is transported by a pivot device, which is made on the muzzle of the barrel.

IMHO, a risky decision.

[svarga911]

Nevertheless, it proved its worth.

[SlavaP]

Thanks for posting, nostalgic ...

[Odessa]

Even the brave warriors are transferred to Vidio for too long in combat thirty. It can be unpacked in a couple of minutes, but in minutes. five at maximum speed and with a smoke break to get attached to the terrain. They would have used one more kilometer and trenched in the trenches, but they were pulling on their shoelace. Some are poor. The thing is killer, simple, but outdated and the maximum range is already small. the new ones didn’t interfere. My first howitzer, which I began to study in artichu.

[mind1954]

As I saw her for the first time, I was so stunned and loved forever!
It hurts, it's original, but okay!
Thank you for the article !

[Kostya pedestrian]

Articles like this one are very interesting and useful.
1. give an impetus for amateurs and laymen like me to learn something new and interesting;
2. The opportunity for experts to debate, which again is interesting - many opinions and personal experience - are very interesting and informative.
3. display the unsurpassed power of the (Soviet) Russian combat weapons; I believe that in new technologies, and in information and zombie technologies (patriotically (or anti-) adjusting the population of the population), Russia will also surpass competitors.

Thank you for the article.

[svarga911]

The unsurpassed beauty of technical solutions! Just a masterpiece.

[Dmitry Nikolaevich 69]

It’s interesting - maybe the experts will say - if a high-explosive shell gets a sufficiently large caliber (122 mm) and a decent mass, the tankers will not have a decent shell shock - can they continue to fight? Sometimes in films about the war, shells weighing 34 times less - 10-50 mm caliber fall into tons of 75 (sq), and the crew has nosebleeds, shell shock, etc., and here the mass and quantity of explosives are an order of magnitude larger. Thank you for the article. In the army I saw a sau carnation - beautiful, it also floats, the engine is really weak, but it is fixable.