This is not for you to drive on the desert! Self-propelled artillery is once again becoming popular in the West
In recent years, NATO countries have shown great interest in self-propelled artillery. The statistics of industrial production and new developments indicates that the emphasis has shifted again towards conflict with an equal rival, in contrast to the counterinsurgency operations that have prevailed in recent decades.
According to Jörg Schlobach from Rheinmetall, the growth of the self-propelled artillery market is due to a change in the political landscape in a number of regions, especially along the European border with Russia.
He explained that the current dominant trend of transition to traditional military actions (similar to those planned during the Cold War) and the departure from asymmetric or counterinsurgency conflict is determined by the need for systems with long ranges, in some cases to 70 km.
Against this background, the demand for self-propelled platforms, offering good maneuverability and long-range at the same time, sharply increased. For example, recently the number of operators of the PzH 2000 howitzer, originally developed by Krauss-Maffei Wegmann (KMW) and Rheinmetall for the German army, has approximately doubled, new customers in Croatia, Lithuania and more recently in Hungary have joined existing operators in Germany, Greece, Italy and the Netherlands.
- noticed Schlobach.
Mark Signorelli of BAE Systems noted that in the era of counter-insurgency operations, which began at the beginning of 2000, artillery was generally used very rarely except for the recent conflict in Syria. The artillery units of the American army, as a rule, performed more infantry and police tasks, but the situation began to change markedly "because the emphasis is again on returning to the threat of almost equal armored forces with highly effective artillery systems."
The units again began to devote much attention to the preparation for their basic tasks, there is an accelerated growth in many areas related to artillery, from guns with extended range to missile systems. “I think this really led to a re-evaluation and revival of artillery as a key component of ground combat. We are also starting to expand these opportunities. ”
Company BAE in the field of self-propelled artillery works in three main areas: self-propelled howitzer AS90, which is in service with the British army; Archer self-propelled unit offered for the US Army and other countries; and the M109 family of self-propelled howitzers, the newest version of which (M109А7) is adopted by the American army.
In recent years, technological development has gone in several directions. The M109А7 howitzer, for example, was designed with two main objectives in mind. First of all, it was necessary to improve mobility due to the new platform and chassis based on the Bradley BMP. “Mobility is one of the most important characteristics of such systems, that is, you can shoot off and then quickly leave the position,” Signorelli noted.
Secondly, the emphasis was placed on combat stability, which was enhanced by the integration of improved armor. The third, though not so urgent, was the modernization of the systems of the original version of the M109, aimed at solving any problems with aging.
Another characteristic of self-propelled artillery systems, the priority of which is likely to remain in the near future, is automation. One striking example is the Remote-Controlled Howitzer 155mm (RCH 155) 155-mm howitzer on the Boxer chassis. It is based on the KMW Artillery Gun Module, which contains a gun with an 52 barrel of Rheinmetall's caliber.
“The Boxer RCH 155 platform’s Artillery Gun Module is uninhabited and features automatic navigation and fire control. The ammunition targeting and loading processes are fully automated, said a spokesman for ARTEC, a joint venture between KMW and Rheinmetall. - The machine does not need to be equipped with hydraulic systems for firing. This leads to a reduction in crew size to two people (commander and driver) and gives great advantages with regard to the rapid change of positions - “shot and drove” - with a minimum crew size ”.
According to Schlobach, automation is essential for the process of loading ammunition. This is determined by several factors, not least the lack of human resources in many ground forces. He pointed to the increasingly high level of the network organization of the modern military: "Modern artillery and future artillery will be much more involved in network hostilities."
In the Israeli company Elbit Systems, automation is also called one of the most important trends in the field of self-propelled artillery, along with improved mobility. “Automation and autonomy are the key to a significant increase in combat effectiveness,” said a company spokesman. - Full automation of all processes in the gun, including the processing and loading of ammunition and guidance, can significantly increase the number of fire tasks that cannon can perform in a certain period of time, and thus increase the effectiveness of artillery units.
He noted that automation and autonomy are not yet at the right level of opportunity, allowing to provide the desired effect on the battlefield.
However, Elbit believes that in the coming years, an increased emphasis on automation will be evident at all stages, from target identification to task execution. “We are confident that we have achieved the optimal solution to the complex engineering task of automating the gun itself, including all aspects of the processing and loading of ammunition, while the additional technological emphasis will be aimed at increasing the range and rate of fire of the artillery. - Said a company representative. “Of course, a lot of attention will be paid to improving the munitions themselves - their lethality, range and accuracy.”
Elbit’s current main product in this area is an ATMOS 155-mm howitzer on a truck chassis, which in 2018 was supplied to several customers; her representative said that several more contracts are expected to be signed during 2019.
According to a Thales representative, digitization is likely to have an increasing impact on fire control for self-propelled artillery and artillery in general. The company has a certain interest in this area.
The Thales portfolio includes the 120-mm mortar 2R2M, which can be mounted on various types of armored vehicles and is suitable for wheeled and tracked armored vehicles. In the context of this article, we are interested in the fact that this company specializes in the development of high-precision ammunition. “Technological innovation means that precision-guided munitions are developing rapidly. The capabilities that were once available only in large, deployment-difficult, and expensive guided missiles are currently available in much smaller systems and at a significantly lower cost. ”
Mortar shot MGM (Mortar Guided Munition) development Thales offers less than a meter accuracy due to laser semi-active homing, as well as an increased range. They can work on fixed and moving targets. “At the decisive moment, MGM gives modern armies breakthrough capabilities in artillery.”
According to Signorelli, while the basic types of ammunition have not changed, their range has increased. This was achieved through the use of technologies such as gas outflow from the bottom and improved propelling agents, as well as improved active-jet and ballistic projectiles. Accuracy has also been enhanced not only by introducing high-precision guidance, but also by eliminating inaccuracies and manufacturing errors.
- explained Signorelli.
A BAE Systems spokesman also noted that the entire industry is increasingly focusing on accuracy. “Our customers are looking for artillery shells that can adjust their trajectory after the shot in order to deliver high-precision strikes at a distance of more than 70 km and in conditions of a weak GPS signal. With improved guidance, calculations will be able to hit targets more effectively, at longer ranges, with fewer projectiles. High-precision strikes also reduce the level of indirect losses and the amount of fire support. "
BAE Systems is developing a PGK Precision Guidance Kit for the 2018-mm artillery shells for the US Army under a contract signed in January 155 of the year. They are designed to work even in the absence of a GPS signal, which the company considers today a key requirement.
After concluding the contract, company BAE stated that in-flight trajectory correction with the PGK-AJ system increases the effectiveness of the fire mission, allowing operators to more accurately fire at targets for longer periods of time, spending less ammunition, resulting in a reduction in logistic support. The company noted the need for such systems that would be adaptable and compatible with existing and experimental artillery systems and ammunition, including the family of self-propelled units M109 and towed howitzers type M777.
- A BAE Systems representative said at the time of signing the contract.
Northrop Grumman also develops high-precision pointing devices (PGK), after the purchase of Orbital ATK, the M1156 kit was included in its portfolio. It is capable of turning the 155-mm M795 and M549-1 X-guns into intelligent weapon. Northrop director Bernie Gruber of Northrop guided missiles said that "our PGK radically changed the artillery operations for the American army and very quickly became the preferred system to support combat operations."
He claims that with the GPS system, the PGK fuze has the same meaning in the US Army as the GPS-directed set of tail rudder Joint Direct Attack Munition in the country's Air Force.
Recently it was two years since Northrop began production of the M1156 for the army, today putting more than 23000 kits. According to Gruber, from the very beginning of the program there was a requirement to develop a device that would lead existing projectiles with a threshold value of circular probable deviation (CVT) of 30 meters, but the company reached an average QUO less than 10 meters and 99% reliability.
“At the same time, we know that the US military is eager to increase their capabilities in maintaining high-precision long-range fire. We have developed variants of our PGK technology to satisfy their wishes, ”he added.
Such work includes the development of a projectile with tail rudders that guide it to the target, a fuse in the nose, the “brains” of which, for example, control the guidance.
Northrop is exploring other technologies. For example, a projectile with wings in the middle part, which control it on its way to a target, also allows it to plan, which increases the flight range. Other technologies could be used in this concept, for example, a rocket engine and blowing in the bottom. "We currently do not have a contract for the production of ammunition of this type, but we are actively working together with the US military to understand their requirements and work out a solution that satisfies both parties."
In the ammunition industry, Rheinmetall offers an SMArt155 touchscreen artillery projectile, which is supplied by GIWS, a joint venture with Diehl Defense. A re-launch of the production of this product was announced at the Eurosatory 2018 exhibition in Paris. The projectile meets the criteria established by the Convention on Cluster Munitions, and aims to minimize indirect losses. Each projectile is able to deal with fixed and mobile armored vehicles at large distances.
According to Rheinmetall, the projectile has a thin-walled carrier capsule that allows you to get the maximum volume for two autonomous intelligent attack elements. Multi-mode sensor system enhances their impact. "The combination of excellent capabilities for detecting and suppressing false targets, a large defeat zone, a high probability of defeat and excellent warhead characteristics ensures maximum mortality and destruction on the ground, effective neutralization of enemy armored vehicles," the company said.
According to the company, the firing tasks can be performed with a small number of projectiles in a very short time, which allows you to use the tactics of "fired and left" and at the same time significantly reduce the effectiveness of enemy counter-battery fire, and this is a critical factor in the protection of their forces. Excessive self-destruction is the main feature of the SMArt 155 projectile.
The company said:
Schlob stressed that renewed interest in such ammunition is due to changes in the priorities of the Western military. “It was not so important in Afghanistan and Iraq, but now it has become more important for the Western armies and therefore the production of the SMArt projectile was resumed. German military buy new shells and update their old arsenal SMArt. Many other countries are also looking for a similar solution; now they see the point in its return to the market. ”
Schlob said that one of the key problems facing the army in the coming years is how to increase the proportion of high-precision fire while simultaneously increasing the range. High-precision guidance can be integrated into projectiles, but this will require large financial investments. Users and politicians, therefore, will have to determine not only what is necessary, but also what is acceptable.
Leonardo is also a major player in the guided ammunition market with its Vulcano family, with an emphasis on 155-mm guided munitions for ground-based systems. The company believes that this area has great growth potential, in particular in the US Army; at the same time, the market of a number of European countries is also promising, as well as a broader global market.
In addition, Leonardo changes the gun on the M109 howitzer, replacing the existing gun part with a barrel length 39 gauges system with a barrel length 52 caliber. According to the company, the goal is to increase accuracy and increase the range, which involves the transition to longer-range controlled ammunition. Over the next decades, the company also plans to gradually increase the share of automation in artillery systems.
Signorelli believes that in the long run, increased accuracy will remain the dominant theme in the field of self-propelled artillery, although some users may still choose a lower cost and a greater volume of supplies. He believes that progress will make it possible to exert the same effect, but with a smaller number of projectiles of smaller caliber, while their range will only increase.
Concerning automation Signorelli remarked:
According to Signorelli, as technology develops in the field of artillery systems, especially self-propelled platforms, not only tactics and doctrine will be revised, but also the types of combat missions in which artillery can be used. He explained:
The PzH 2000 howitzer was originally developed for the German army by KMW and Rheinmetall
According to Jörg Schlobach from Rheinmetall, the growth of the self-propelled artillery market is due to a change in the political landscape in a number of regions, especially along the European border with Russia.
He explained that the current dominant trend of transition to traditional military actions (similar to those planned during the Cold War) and the departure from asymmetric or counterinsurgency conflict is determined by the need for systems with long ranges, in some cases to 70 km.
Against this background, the demand for self-propelled platforms, offering good maneuverability and long-range at the same time, sharply increased. For example, recently the number of operators of the PzH 2000 howitzer, originally developed by Krauss-Maffei Wegmann (KMW) and Rheinmetall for the German army, has approximately doubled, new customers in Croatia, Lithuania and more recently in Hungary have joined existing operators in Germany, Greece, Italy and the Netherlands.
"There is an increased demand for artillery, of course, this is due to a change in the political landscape, which is returning to something similar to a traditional war,"
- noticed Schlobach.
Opportunity Management
Mark Signorelli of BAE Systems noted that in the era of counter-insurgency operations, which began at the beginning of 2000, artillery was generally used very rarely except for the recent conflict in Syria. The artillery units of the American army, as a rule, performed more infantry and police tasks, but the situation began to change markedly "because the emphasis is again on returning to the threat of almost equal armored forces with highly effective artillery systems."
The units again began to devote much attention to the preparation for their basic tasks, there is an accelerated growth in many areas related to artillery, from guns with extended range to missile systems. “I think this really led to a re-evaluation and revival of artillery as a key component of ground combat. We are also starting to expand these opportunities. ”
Company BAE in the field of self-propelled artillery works in three main areas: self-propelled howitzer AS90, which is in service with the British army; Archer self-propelled unit offered for the US Army and other countries; and the M109 family of self-propelled howitzers, the newest version of which (M109А7) is adopted by the American army.
In recent years, technological development has gone in several directions. The M109А7 howitzer, for example, was designed with two main objectives in mind. First of all, it was necessary to improve mobility due to the new platform and chassis based on the Bradley BMP. “Mobility is one of the most important characteristics of such systems, that is, you can shoot off and then quickly leave the position,” Signorelli noted.
Secondly, the emphasis was placed on combat stability, which was enhanced by the integration of improved armor. The third, though not so urgent, was the modernization of the systems of the original version of the M109, aimed at solving any problems with aging.
Another characteristic of self-propelled artillery systems, the priority of which is likely to remain in the near future, is automation. One striking example is the Remote-Controlled Howitzer 155mm (RCH 155) 155-mm howitzer on the Boxer chassis. It is based on the KMW Artillery Gun Module, which contains a gun with an 52 barrel of Rheinmetall's caliber.
“The Boxer RCH 155 platform’s Artillery Gun Module is uninhabited and features automatic navigation and fire control. The ammunition targeting and loading processes are fully automated, said a spokesman for ARTEC, a joint venture between KMW and Rheinmetall. - The machine does not need to be equipped with hydraulic systems for firing. This leads to a reduction in crew size to two people (commander and driver) and gives great advantages with regard to the rapid change of positions - “shot and drove” - with a minimum crew size ”.
In recent years, the number of countries that bought a PzH 2000 howitzer has almost doubled
Automation
According to Schlobach, automation is essential for the process of loading ammunition. This is determined by several factors, not least the lack of human resources in many ground forces. He pointed to the increasingly high level of the network organization of the modern military: "Modern artillery and future artillery will be much more involved in network hostilities."
In the Israeli company Elbit Systems, automation is also called one of the most important trends in the field of self-propelled artillery, along with improved mobility. “Automation and autonomy are the key to a significant increase in combat effectiveness,” said a company spokesman. - Full automation of all processes in the gun, including the processing and loading of ammunition and guidance, can significantly increase the number of fire tasks that cannon can perform in a certain period of time, and thus increase the effectiveness of artillery units.
He noted that automation and autonomy are not yet at the right level of opportunity, allowing to provide the desired effect on the battlefield.
“In order to achieve maximum efficiency, the artillery component must bring in a balance of first-class guns that meet the needs of the army, appropriate command and control structures and systems, appropriate communications, tactics, etc. It should be a comprehensive and well-balanced solution. ”
However, Elbit believes that in the coming years, an increased emphasis on automation will be evident at all stages, from target identification to task execution. “We are confident that we have achieved the optimal solution to the complex engineering task of automating the gun itself, including all aspects of the processing and loading of ammunition, while the additional technological emphasis will be aimed at increasing the range and rate of fire of the artillery. - Said a company representative. “Of course, a lot of attention will be paid to improving the munitions themselves - their lethality, range and accuracy.”
Elbit’s current main product in this area is an ATMOS 155-mm howitzer on a truck chassis, which in 2018 was supplied to several customers; her representative said that several more contracts are expected to be signed during 2019.
“We believe that in the coming years, the need for self-propelled artillery will remain high due to the increased demand of the armies of many countries. This demand is a consequence of the evolving nature of conflicts and the recurring emphasis on readiness for high-intensity conflicts and conflicts with equal and almost equal armies, which necessitates powerful and maneuverable artillery, as well as the fact that existing artillery forces and equipment are becoming obsolete to such an extent that it is no longer worth developing solutions to extend their lifespan. ”
Accuracy around the head
According to a Thales representative, digitization is likely to have an increasing impact on fire control for self-propelled artillery and artillery in general. The company has a certain interest in this area.
“Like many spheres of military affairs, digitization changes the principles of artillery fire control. Digital fire control systems help improve accuracy, responsiveness and combat stability on the battlefield. They digitize fire control functions, which were previously performed by the gun manually. ”
The Thales portfolio includes the 120-mm mortar 2R2M, which can be mounted on various types of armored vehicles and is suitable for wheeled and tracked armored vehicles. In the context of this article, we are interested in the fact that this company specializes in the development of high-precision ammunition. “Technological innovation means that precision-guided munitions are developing rapidly. The capabilities that were once available only in large, deployment-difficult, and expensive guided missiles are currently available in much smaller systems and at a significantly lower cost. ”
Mortar shot MGM (Mortar Guided Munition) development Thales offers less than a meter accuracy due to laser semi-active homing, as well as an increased range. They can work on fixed and moving targets. “At the decisive moment, MGM gives modern armies breakthrough capabilities in artillery.”
Thales MGM mortar shot quickly gives you a decisive advantage
According to Signorelli, while the basic types of ammunition have not changed, their range has increased. This was achieved through the use of technologies such as gas outflow from the bottom and improved propelling agents, as well as improved active-jet and ballistic projectiles. Accuracy has also been enhanced not only by introducing high-precision guidance, but also by eliminating inaccuracies and manufacturing errors.
“I believe that we are starting to see the emergence of a new generation of these capabilities, where you have a combination of improved throwing agents and improved high-precision targeting, which reduces cost and increases accuracy. In combination with some long-range guns, these improvements give an even greater increase in range ",
- explained Signorelli.
A BAE Systems spokesman also noted that the entire industry is increasingly focusing on accuracy. “Our customers are looking for artillery shells that can adjust their trajectory after the shot in order to deliver high-precision strikes at a distance of more than 70 km and in conditions of a weak GPS signal. With improved guidance, calculations will be able to hit targets more effectively, at longer ranges, with fewer projectiles. High-precision strikes also reduce the level of indirect losses and the amount of fire support. "
BAE Systems is developing a PGK Precision Guidance Kit for the 2018-mm artillery shells for the US Army under a contract signed in January 155 of the year. They are designed to work even in the absence of a GPS signal, which the company considers today a key requirement.
“As the US Army is committed to deploying longer-range gun systems, the development of guidance technology should accelerate to meet these evolving needs. We are actively working on the development of sets of guidance that can ensure accuracy and at the same time meet the requirements of the army in terms of range and noise immunity. ”
After concluding the contract, company BAE stated that in-flight trajectory correction with the PGK-AJ system increases the effectiveness of the fire mission, allowing operators to more accurately fire at targets for longer periods of time, spending less ammunition, resulting in a reduction in logistic support. The company noted the need for such systems that would be adaptable and compatible with existing and experimental artillery systems and ammunition, including the family of self-propelled units M109 and towed howitzers type M777.
"We understand the importance of maintaining the accuracy of long-range artillery of the American army in relation to any enemy,
- A BAE Systems representative said at the time of signing the contract.
“Our kits will provide these capabilities for current and future 155-mm platforms designed for a significantly longer range. We were selected for this program due to the fact that we have extensive experience in precision guidance technology and are able to achieve high levels of design and production.
ATMOS 155-mm howitzer on truck chassis, created by Elbit
Principles of guidance
Northrop Grumman also develops high-precision pointing devices (PGK), after the purchase of Orbital ATK, the M1156 kit was included in its portfolio. It is capable of turning the 155-mm M795 and M549-1 X-guns into intelligent weapon. Northrop director Bernie Gruber of Northrop guided missiles said that "our PGK radically changed the artillery operations for the American army and very quickly became the preferred system to support combat operations."
He claims that with the GPS system, the PGK fuze has the same meaning in the US Army as the GPS-directed set of tail rudder Joint Direct Attack Munition in the country's Air Force.
Recently it was two years since Northrop began production of the M1156 for the army, today putting more than 23000 kits. According to Gruber, from the very beginning of the program there was a requirement to develop a device that would lead existing projectiles with a threshold value of circular probable deviation (CVT) of 30 meters, but the company reached an average QUO less than 10 meters and 99% reliability.
“At the same time, we know that the US military is eager to increase their capabilities in maintaining high-precision long-range fire. We have developed variants of our PGK technology to satisfy their wishes, ”he added.
Such work includes the development of a projectile with tail rudders that guide it to the target, a fuse in the nose, the “brains” of which, for example, control the guidance.
“Although this will require the design and qualification of a completely new projectile, here you can take advantage of the bottom gas generator or rocket booster to achieve the desired range, while relying on proven PGK technology to improve accuracy. One of the advantages of the projectile guided by the tail rudders is that it has a large dynamics, so it will have an increased range compared to a conventional projectile equipped with a PGK kit, while targeting the projectile with tail rudders increases its maneuverability by about seven times. "
Northrop is exploring other technologies. For example, a projectile with wings in the middle part, which control it on its way to a target, also allows it to plan, which increases the flight range. Other technologies could be used in this concept, for example, a rocket engine and blowing in the bottom. "We currently do not have a contract for the production of ammunition of this type, but we are actively working together with the US military to understand their requirements and work out a solution that satisfies both parties."
Smart shells
In the ammunition industry, Rheinmetall offers an SMArt155 touchscreen artillery projectile, which is supplied by GIWS, a joint venture with Diehl Defense. A re-launch of the production of this product was announced at the Eurosatory 2018 exhibition in Paris. The projectile meets the criteria established by the Convention on Cluster Munitions, and aims to minimize indirect losses. Each projectile is able to deal with fixed and mobile armored vehicles at large distances.
According to Rheinmetall, the projectile has a thin-walled carrier capsule that allows you to get the maximum volume for two autonomous intelligent attack elements. Multi-mode sensor system enhances their impact. "The combination of excellent capabilities for detecting and suppressing false targets, a large defeat zone, a high probability of defeat and excellent warhead characteristics ensures maximum mortality and destruction on the ground, effective neutralization of enemy armored vehicles," the company said.
According to the company, the firing tasks can be performed with a small number of projectiles in a very short time, which allows you to use the tactics of "fired and left" and at the same time significantly reduce the effectiveness of enemy counter-battery fire, and this is a critical factor in the protection of their forces. Excessive self-destruction is the main feature of the SMArt 155 projectile.
"If the target is not found in the zone of application of the striking element, then two independent mechanisms ensure that the projectile will self-destruct, which allows its forces to enter the zone with confidence."
Leonardo focused on boosting the M109 howitzer firepower
The company said:
“There is a goal, no target, the combat unit is triggered as soon as the striking element descends to a height of less than 20 meters with a parachute. If this function fails and the submarine lands intact, its warhead automatically detonates as soon as the battery charge drops below a certain level. This mode also closes possible malfunctions of sensors or electronics. ”
Schlob stressed that renewed interest in such ammunition is due to changes in the priorities of the Western military. “It was not so important in Afghanistan and Iraq, but now it has become more important for the Western armies and therefore the production of the SMArt projectile was resumed. German military buy new shells and update their old arsenal SMArt. Many other countries are also looking for a similar solution; now they see the point in its return to the market. ”
Schlob said that one of the key problems facing the army in the coming years is how to increase the proportion of high-precision fire while simultaneously increasing the range. High-precision guidance can be integrated into projectiles, but this will require large financial investments. Users and politicians, therefore, will have to determine not only what is necessary, but also what is acceptable.
In search of expansion
Leonardo is also a major player in the guided ammunition market with its Vulcano family, with an emphasis on 155-mm guided munitions for ground-based systems. The company believes that this area has great growth potential, in particular in the US Army; at the same time, the market of a number of European countries is also promising, as well as a broader global market.
In addition, Leonardo changes the gun on the M109 howitzer, replacing the existing gun part with a barrel length 39 gauges system with a barrel length 52 caliber. According to the company, the goal is to increase accuracy and increase the range, which involves the transition to longer-range controlled ammunition. Over the next decades, the company also plans to gradually increase the share of automation in artillery systems.
Signorelli believes that in the long run, increased accuracy will remain the dominant theme in the field of self-propelled artillery, although some users may still choose a lower cost and a greater volume of supplies. He believes that progress will make it possible to exert the same effect, but with a smaller number of projectiles of smaller caliber, while their range will only increase.
Concerning automation Signorelli remarked:
“Today, the capabilities of artillery systems are limited mainly by the crews that control them. We have achieved an increase in the rate of fire through automation. At the same time, automation is a lifeline for many countries in which there is a shortage of human resources capable of fully servicing artillery systems. Therefore, automation gives us certain advantages here. ”
According to Signorelli, as technology develops in the field of artillery systems, especially self-propelled platforms, not only tactics and doctrine will be revised, but also the types of combat missions in which artillery can be used. He explained:
“We began to discuss with customers from the army and fleet about the use of shells for barrel artillery in completely new tasks, for example, in the tasks of air defense and missile defense. As the technologies are developed, the synergy of many technical improvements will allow rethinking the use of artillery as a decisive military weapon.
Everything develops in a spiral - as you develop opportunities, you find new ways, new methods, tactics and methods of application, which then leads to the further development of technology. I think the flexibility inherent in artillery systems will allow them, most likely, to remain a center of development for a very long time. ”
Everything develops in a spiral - as you develop opportunities, you find new ways, new methods, tactics and methods of application, which then leads to the further development of technology. I think the flexibility inherent in artillery systems will allow them, most likely, to remain a center of development for a very long time. ”
Information