Artillery intelligence of Ukraine
Today’s realities are as follows: artillery together with the missile forces are the main, and sometimes the only means of fire destruction of enemy troops at long distances. It is from artillery fire that the enemy suffers the greatest losses.
The state of the material base, the training of personnel of this combat component of the Armed Forces of Ukraine (Armed Forces of Ukraine) indicate that the use of Ukrainian artillery has significant shortcomings, among which we can especially note the low efficiency of the artillery reconnaissance system. As a result, almost immediately after the completion of the active phase of hostilities in the Southeast, the military began to talk about the possibilities that currently exist that do not allow for reconnaissance over long distances and, accordingly, to fully realize the artillery fire potential.
All this was the reason that in the artillery reconnaissance divisions of the artillery brigades of the Ukrainian Armed Forces of Ukraine began to form the structure of the unmanned aircraft complexes, which today are equipped with Furya devices manufactured by NPP Athlon Avia (Kiev).
Another direction of modernization undertaken by the Ukrainian army is the improvement of artillery services.
So, at the beginning of 2014, the intelligence units were staffed with Soviet-made facilities that did not meet modern requirements for receiving and processing information by artillery units. As indicated by military experts, the lack of modern means of intelligence allowed to realize only half the capabilities of the artillery divisions. And with a quick change of the situation with the help of a non-automated control system, only about 20 percent of all intelligence data could be processed.
All this led to the fact that in 2015, the military demanded from the Ukrainian military-industrial complex a complete modernization of reconnaissance assets. As a result, Ukrainian manufacturers presented three intelligence systems, which will increase the potential of artillery.
We are talking about counter-battery radar 1L220UK "Zoo-3" produced by "Iskra" Zaporozhye enterprise, automate complex sound-artrazvedki 1AR1 "Situation-2" and complex automated control and division artbatareey 1V26-1 "Obolon-A."
If we talk about the counterbattery radar "Zoo-3", then, in fact, it is a modification of the Soviet-made radar "Zoo-1", the development of which was started in 1981 year, but has not been completed due to the collapse of the Soviet Union. After the collapse of the USSR, the Zaporozhye enterprise began work on a new project - the counter-battery radar Zoo 2, which makes it possible to carry out reconnaissance of the coordinates of enemy guns with a caliber of 152 millimeters and mortars of 120 and 80 calibers of millimeters at a distance of 30 kilometers. The complex also makes it possible to detect multiple rocket launchers (30-40 kilometers) and tactical missile launchers (50-55 kilometers). This project was completed fairly quickly, and in 2003, it was adopted by the Ukrainian army.
However, after the actual rupture of business relations with Russian manufacturers and suppliers, the project “Zoo-2” had to be almost completely redone, because almost all components were made in the Russian Federation.
As a result, a new radar station appeared - 1L220UK "Zoo-3", installed on the KrAZ-62221 chassis. According to the manufacturers, the complex is universal, since it makes it possible to control the airspace by detecting helicopters, planes and Drones the adversary.
However, as noted in the media, this complex still exists in a single copy and there is no talk about adopting it into service. The fact that the complex was not brought, shows that not so long ago the complex was seen in the Chernihiv region at a military training ground, where state tests took place.
On the other hand, the Zaporozhye enterprise has already announced that it is ready to begin mass production of the complexes and has already begun to develop a modified version - 1Л221Е. There is very little information about this modification, but it is known that this will be a mobile version of the system installed on the 8x8 off-road chassis (probably KrAZ-7634NE, if it is brought to mind).
If the complex succeeds “to bring it, it will be a big breakthrough, since the time of full deployment of the entire complex, which can work as part of a single hardware machine, is significantly reduced.
So far, in a single copy, there is one more new complex - “Put-2” (a sound automated computer-based artillery reconnaissance complex). It should be noted that it was developed by order of the Russian military, but in 2013, it was formally adopted by the Ukrainian army.
The development of the complex began in 1995 year. Orion, Radiopribor and Orion Navigation enterprises, which introduced the TA-57 telephone set, Orion-PH-2.7 and Р-173м radio sets, СН-3003М satellite navigation devices "Basalt- M ”and CH-3210.
In the first half of 2014, the Ukrainian military were armed with one such complex. In 2015, the production of the complex was transferred to the Lviv plant "LORTA". It also carried out work on the replacement of Russian-made components with spare parts of Ukrainian and Western production.
The system includes a hardware machine (based on a multipurpose transporter MT-Forehead with a crew of 5 people), nine highly sensitive sensor microphones, three acoustic bases and a weather station. All navigation "stuffing" is designed for GPS. All the information that comes in through the receivers of the complex is computer processing, which makes it possible to obtain the coordinates of enemy artillery and the points of rupture of shells fired by "their own".
All information comes through encrypted communication channels and is displayed online on the digital tablet of the commander of the gunners and on the screen of the operator.
The maximum detection range of the enemy reaches 35 kilometers. The system is capable of adjusting the fire of its artillery units at a distance of 5 kilometers. The time to determine the coordinates - no more than 5 seconds. In a minute, the system is able to receive up to 50 signals of shots and breaks. The number of processed targets reaches 100.
It is worth noting that the undoubted advantage of this complex is a significant reduction in the number of vehicles and personnel for its maintenance.
And finally, another complex that allows you to significantly increase the potential of artillery units is the Obolon-A combat control system produced by the Lviv enterprise LORTA.
The complex includes four vehicles: the chief of staff and the division commander, the commander and senior battery officer.
The most interesting in this series is the car of a senior officer. It is designed to collect information about the battery, prepare combat positions for firing, prepare firing and fire control, as well as adjust fire. The machine is equipped with equipment that allows you to make calculations and perform the tasks necessary to prepare the shooting. The machine has five jobs equipped with Swedish-made computers with Ukrainian software.
It must be said that the machine is also equipped with an integrated topographic-geodetic reference system, which consists of a GPS satellite navigation system and an American-made inertial high-precision system. An automated meteorological kit is also provided, with the help of which an automated accounting of meteorological factors is carried out during calculations.
Communication is provided in two versions - telecode and voice. For communication, use the portable radio station P-002PP and VHF radio station P-030 (manufacturer - radio factory "Orion", Ternopil).
The machine has a radiochemical reconnaissance device that allows crew members to conduct radiation and chemical reconnaissance independently. In addition, the car has two air conditioners and an autonomous power supply system (diesel generator), which operates from the main engine, as well as from an additional electrical unit or battery.
The complex works most effectively with the Zoo-3 and Polozhen-2 complexes, as well as the drones used for reconnaissance and artillery fire adjustment.
Thus, we can already say that there are several full-fledged complexes capable of receiving and processing huge digital arrays of information. If the Ukrainian military-industrial complex succeeds in establishing their mass production, then it is quite possible that soon we will be able to see the Ukrainian artillery in a completely new way.
The state of the material base, the training of personnel of this combat component of the Armed Forces of Ukraine (Armed Forces of Ukraine) indicate that the use of Ukrainian artillery has significant shortcomings, among which we can especially note the low efficiency of the artillery reconnaissance system. As a result, almost immediately after the completion of the active phase of hostilities in the Southeast, the military began to talk about the possibilities that currently exist that do not allow for reconnaissance over long distances and, accordingly, to fully realize the artillery fire potential.
All this was the reason that in the artillery reconnaissance divisions of the artillery brigades of the Ukrainian Armed Forces of Ukraine began to form the structure of the unmanned aircraft complexes, which today are equipped with Furya devices manufactured by NPP Athlon Avia (Kiev).
Another direction of modernization undertaken by the Ukrainian army is the improvement of artillery services.
So, at the beginning of 2014, the intelligence units were staffed with Soviet-made facilities that did not meet modern requirements for receiving and processing information by artillery units. As indicated by military experts, the lack of modern means of intelligence allowed to realize only half the capabilities of the artillery divisions. And with a quick change of the situation with the help of a non-automated control system, only about 20 percent of all intelligence data could be processed.
All this led to the fact that in 2015, the military demanded from the Ukrainian military-industrial complex a complete modernization of reconnaissance assets. As a result, Ukrainian manufacturers presented three intelligence systems, which will increase the potential of artillery.
We are talking about counter-battery radar 1L220UK "Zoo-3" produced by "Iskra" Zaporozhye enterprise, automate complex sound-artrazvedki 1AR1 "Situation-2" and complex automated control and division artbatareey 1V26-1 "Obolon-A."
Zoo 3
If we talk about the counterbattery radar "Zoo-3", then, in fact, it is a modification of the Soviet-made radar "Zoo-1", the development of which was started in 1981 year, but has not been completed due to the collapse of the Soviet Union. After the collapse of the USSR, the Zaporozhye enterprise began work on a new project - the counter-battery radar Zoo 2, which makes it possible to carry out reconnaissance of the coordinates of enemy guns with a caliber of 152 millimeters and mortars of 120 and 80 calibers of millimeters at a distance of 30 kilometers. The complex also makes it possible to detect multiple rocket launchers (30-40 kilometers) and tactical missile launchers (50-55 kilometers). This project was completed fairly quickly, and in 2003, it was adopted by the Ukrainian army.
However, after the actual rupture of business relations with Russian manufacturers and suppliers, the project “Zoo-2” had to be almost completely redone, because almost all components were made in the Russian Federation.
As a result, a new radar station appeared - 1L220UK "Zoo-3", installed on the KrAZ-62221 chassis. According to the manufacturers, the complex is universal, since it makes it possible to control the airspace by detecting helicopters, planes and Drones the adversary.
However, as noted in the media, this complex still exists in a single copy and there is no talk about adopting it into service. The fact that the complex was not brought, shows that not so long ago the complex was seen in the Chernihiv region at a military training ground, where state tests took place.
On the other hand, the Zaporozhye enterprise has already announced that it is ready to begin mass production of the complexes and has already begun to develop a modified version - 1Л221Е. There is very little information about this modification, but it is known that this will be a mobile version of the system installed on the 8x8 off-road chassis (probably KrAZ-7634NE, if it is brought to mind).
If the complex succeeds “to bring it, it will be a big breakthrough, since the time of full deployment of the entire complex, which can work as part of a single hardware machine, is significantly reduced.
"Put-2"
So far, in a single copy, there is one more new complex - “Put-2” (a sound automated computer-based artillery reconnaissance complex). It should be noted that it was developed by order of the Russian military, but in 2013, it was formally adopted by the Ukrainian army.
The development of the complex began in 1995 year. Orion, Radiopribor and Orion Navigation enterprises, which introduced the TA-57 telephone set, Orion-PH-2.7 and Р-173м radio sets, СН-3003М satellite navigation devices "Basalt- M ”and CH-3210.
In the first half of 2014, the Ukrainian military were armed with one such complex. In 2015, the production of the complex was transferred to the Lviv plant "LORTA". It also carried out work on the replacement of Russian-made components with spare parts of Ukrainian and Western production.
The system includes a hardware machine (based on a multipurpose transporter MT-Forehead with a crew of 5 people), nine highly sensitive sensor microphones, three acoustic bases and a weather station. All navigation "stuffing" is designed for GPS. All the information that comes in through the receivers of the complex is computer processing, which makes it possible to obtain the coordinates of enemy artillery and the points of rupture of shells fired by "their own".
All information comes through encrypted communication channels and is displayed online on the digital tablet of the commander of the gunners and on the screen of the operator.
The maximum detection range of the enemy reaches 35 kilometers. The system is capable of adjusting the fire of its artillery units at a distance of 5 kilometers. The time to determine the coordinates - no more than 5 seconds. In a minute, the system is able to receive up to 50 signals of shots and breaks. The number of processed targets reaches 100.
It is worth noting that the undoubted advantage of this complex is a significant reduction in the number of vehicles and personnel for its maintenance.
Obolon-A
And finally, another complex that allows you to significantly increase the potential of artillery units is the Obolon-A combat control system produced by the Lviv enterprise LORTA.
The complex includes four vehicles: the chief of staff and the division commander, the commander and senior battery officer.
The most interesting in this series is the car of a senior officer. It is designed to collect information about the battery, prepare combat positions for firing, prepare firing and fire control, as well as adjust fire. The machine is equipped with equipment that allows you to make calculations and perform the tasks necessary to prepare the shooting. The machine has five jobs equipped with Swedish-made computers with Ukrainian software.
It must be said that the machine is also equipped with an integrated topographic-geodetic reference system, which consists of a GPS satellite navigation system and an American-made inertial high-precision system. An automated meteorological kit is also provided, with the help of which an automated accounting of meteorological factors is carried out during calculations.
Communication is provided in two versions - telecode and voice. For communication, use the portable radio station P-002PP and VHF radio station P-030 (manufacturer - radio factory "Orion", Ternopil).
The machine has a radiochemical reconnaissance device that allows crew members to conduct radiation and chemical reconnaissance independently. In addition, the car has two air conditioners and an autonomous power supply system (diesel generator), which operates from the main engine, as well as from an additional electrical unit or battery.
The complex works most effectively with the Zoo-3 and Polozhen-2 complexes, as well as the drones used for reconnaissance and artillery fire adjustment.
Thus, we can already say that there are several full-fledged complexes capable of receiving and processing huge digital arrays of information. If the Ukrainian military-industrial complex succeeds in establishing their mass production, then it is quite possible that soon we will be able to see the Ukrainian artillery in a completely new way.
Information