The complex of automatic small arms Barysheva
Talking about domestic automatic weapons of the twentieth century, one cannot ignore one of the most curious complexes, which was created not at industrial research institutes or design bureaus of the largest arms enterprises, but at a talented single designer Anatoly Filippovich Baryshev. He outlined a new way to create light infantry automatic weapons using a whole range of a wide variety of ammunition, ranging from a 5,45 mm caliber machine gun cartridge to a 30 mm grenade launcher. This path involves a significant increase in the number of combat qualities of weapons, including the best breakdown effect of bullets in defeating an enemy equipped with personal protective equipment.
Developed by the Baryshev complex (module) of small arms with a new locking assembly includes: AB-5,45 submachine guns for the automatic cartridge of the caliber 5,45x39 mm and AB-7,62 for the automatic cartridge of the caliber 7,62х39 mm; AVB automatic rifle for rifle and machine-gun cartridge caliber 7,62x53 mm; 12,7-mm heavy machine gun KPB and 30-mm automatic hand-held grenade launcher ARGB under a regular shot VOG-17. The engineer began working on the creation of this weapon as early as 1962, and already in 1969 he received a copyright certificate for a new design of the barrel bore locking device. For several decades, the designer brought his weapon to the industrial level, and in the eighties, his samples were tested first in the Armed Forces, and then representatives of the KGB of the USSR and special forces of the GRU of the USSR Ministry of Defense. Opinions about weapons Barysheva divided. The military, who had a simple, reliable and, most importantly, fully developed Kalashnikov weapons (AK-74 machine gun, RPK-74 light machine gun and a single PKM machine gun) did not need more sophisticated weapons, since its required quantity and development in the troops required huge financial costs and a lot of time. But representatives of the special services called for the urgent adoption of Baryshev’s weapons, which was due to his superiority over similar domestic and foreign models. However, the collapse of our state that followed soon and the concern of the security forces with completely different problems, and first of all with their own survival, led to the fact that the adoption of the entire complex of Baryshev’s weapons or at least some of its components was put under very great doubt. But the persistent designer continued his work, and in 1993, the Russian Federation Committee on Patents and Patent Signs issues Anatoly Filippovich with patent No. 2002195 for the invention of the “locking mechanism of small arms or artillery weapons”. Thus, once again, the uniqueness, industrial significance and manufacturability of the Baryshev locking mechanism were officially recognized.
The lack of support from official structures at home forced Anatoly Filippovich to seek help to continue his work abroad. A small Czech armory company LCZ-Group, which was mainly engaged in the resale of weapons abroad, became interested in the weapon of the Russian designer. Under the contract, LCZ-Group received from Baryshev a module consisting of an 7,62-mm assault rifle, an 7,62-mm automatic rifle, an 12,7-mm large-caliber machine gun and an 30-mm automatic grenade launcher, and, moreover, a completely new 9-mm B-50 pistol with Shop on 14 ammo. Already the first open demonstration of these weapons at the international arms exhibition IDET-95 in Brno created a real sensation in the world. However, the Czech company, in violation of the contract, put out Baryshev’s weapon on IDET-95, attempting to pass it on to its own designs, and under its own brand (with LCZ indexes B-10 / B-40), simultaneously removing the designer’s surname and copyright certificates from the advertisement. Attempts by dishonest arms dealers to sell a patent for these weapons to the West were instantly stopped, and the agreement between Baryshev and the LCZ-Group was terminated. The newest domestic weapons returned to their homeland, which, as it turned out later, still did not need it. Although the original barrel locking system used in Baryshev’s weapons, the modular construction principle (due to the wide unification of all samples), the application of modern technological solutions in the design not only determines the most dynamic development of the main individual infantry weapon for many decades, but also significantly reduces the cost of its production, facilitating its operation and development in the army.
Baryshev’s weapons belong to automation systems that use a semi-free bolt for operation. All samples of this weapon have very peculiar locking points created according to a single scheme. Their peculiarity is that, along with their main function, they also provide partial absorption of recoil energy of the weapon, since the bolt parts — the battle larva, the bolt carrier, the bolt body and the locking lever — are not rigidly interconnected, therefore a significant part of the recoil energy during the shot is spent on sequential putting them in motion, which, in turn, due to the collision of moving elements and stretching their action over time significantly, at least 2,5-3 times, reduces the recoil force. Reducing the recoil force acting when fired at the shooter allowed not only increasing the accuracy of automatic fire in continuous bursts, but at the same time reducing the 2-3 times the mass of weapons, as well as using any types of small arms ammunition automatic and ending with powerful grenade rounds. While maintaining the accuracy of shooting, this made it possible to avoid the installation of such weapons on complex and heavy machines and get along with a simple and easy two-legged bipod. By the undoubted advantages of the new system can be attributed to the rejection of the gas engine (gas piston, gas chamber and gas lines), which greatly simplified and cheapened the design of weapons and influenced the improvement of its performance.
The shooting of Baryshev’s weapons is being carried out from the so-called rear whisper, i.e. The moving parts of the automatics before the shot are in the rear position, and there is no cartridge in the unlocked chamber. Such a constructive decision is more typical for submachine guns, machine guns and automatic cannons. The new design of the Baryshev weapon allowed, in contrast to the standard samples of domestic small arms, in which, due to the large dispersion when firing even short bursts at a distance over 50 m, only the first bullet has a chance to hit the target (and getting into the enemy with more than one bullet is possible only when shooting point-blank), to make automatic fire the main type of shooting, and the shooter already at a distance of 200-400 m with a high degree of probability can hit the target. Dispersion when firing bursts from the Baryshev machine gun is at least 10 times lower than that of a regular weapon.
Particularly convincingly, the advantages of the new mechanism appeared in the large-caliber machine gun KPB and the automatic grenade launcher ARGB, which, when fired with continuous fire from the bipod, provide sufficient stability, having a much smaller mass than similar standard samples - the heavy machine gun NSV-12,7 “Utes” and the automatic grenade launcher AGS -17 “Flame”. Reducing the mass of the large-caliber weapons of the Baryshev design, among other things, reduced the calculation from 2-3 people to one gunner and sharply increased its maneuverability, which is extremely important for conducting combat operations in the city, in field fortifications, in the forest, i.e. in those challenging combat conditions where small arms take priority. The presence of such weapons in the army can immediately have a positive impact on the change in tactics of combat and the empowerment of the rifle division.
7,62-mm machine gun Baryshev AB-7,62 with the butt folded
The Baryshev AB-5,45 and AB-7,62 assault rifles are designed to defeat enemy personnel and equipment at distances up to 600 m. They have certain advantages over the standard AKM and AK-74 Kalashnikov assault rifles, both in terms of mass-dimensional characteristics, including due to folding stock very successful design, and the simplicity of the device. Instead of a gas tube, they have a handle for carrying a weapon. The trigger mechanism allows two modes of firing: single and automatic. Safety lock at the same time is also the switch of a type of fire. The penetrative action of the bullets and the range of a direct shot when firing from AB-5,45 / 7,62 and AKM / AK-74 is practically the same. At the same time, when firing from AB-7,62 submachine guns, the recoil is significantly less than even in AK-74, and the barrel does not lead up when firing in bursts. This allows a much more accurate fire continuous bursts for longer distances than from AKM.
7,62-mm automatic rifle Baryshev AVB
The Baryshev AVB automatic rifle is designed for accurate shooting at distances up to 800 m at remote small targets - manpower and enemy equipment, which appears in the field of view of the shooter for a short time. In terms of its mass-dimensional characteristics, this rifle is close to the SVD. However, being only 0,4 kg heavier than the gun Dragunov, AVB is the only system designed for a powerful rifle cartridge rev.1908 g., Allowing at a distance of up to 200 m conduct targeted fire in bursts from unstable positions, including standing from the shoulder , and directional fire - with the butt pressed to the side. Like the AB machine gun, the AVB rifle is equipped with a carrying handle, a folding butt and can be completed with both a light bipod that replaces the shank, and a shank made of impact-resistant plastic. Recoil when shooting Baryshev rifle felt a little more than when firing AKM. Therefore, after some training, the average shooter when shooting in short bursts in 10 rounds of shots stably lays all the bullets into the standard chest target at a distance of 25 m. But even such a successful rifle has its drawbacks. First of all - a small capacity 10-charging standard store from SVD. This flaw is especially visible when shooting with automatic fire. In addition, with a sufficiently short barrel due to the use of powerful ammunition rounds in the AVB rifle mod. The 1908 r. During firing is not entirely successful design of the muzzle device allows too loud sound of a shot and a large exhaust muzzle flame, which unmasks the shooter, especially at night.
12,7-mm large-caliber machine gun Baryshev CPB with a shop
Baryshev heavy machine gun KPB is designed to destroy lightly armored vehicles or low-flying enemy aircraft and helicopters at distances to 600 m. In terms of mass and dimensions, the PBC greatly benefits compared to heavy machine guns (DShKM, NSV), at the same time significantly, more than in 2 times, yielding to them in practical rate of fire. The CPB machine gun, like the rest of Baryshev’s weapons, has a folding butt and a bipod, as well as a bar for mounting various optical and night sights. Its features include a new store supply system 12,7-mm large-caliber cartridges B-32. The magazine, installed in the KPB machine gun on top of the receiver, is filled with cartridges from pre-loaded clips, thanks to which the Baryshev machine gun shows a good combat rate of fire - up to 50 rounds / min. At the same time, the design of this weapon is much simpler and not less reliable in operation than the ribbon power in modern large-caliber machine guns.
30-mm automatic hand grenade launcher Baryshev ARGB
The Baryshev ARGB automatic hand grenade launcher is designed to hit single and group enemy targets with fragmentation grenades at distances to 1000 m. For indirect fire, the grenade launcher is equipped with an optical sight with a side level and a goniometer, a detachable bipod and a folding butt-opener. Practically all the advantages characteristic of the KPB machine gun were fully embodied in the Baryshev manual grenade launcher. ARGB on mass-dimensional characteristics significantly ahead of all known systems of automatic grenade launchers. The grenade launcher also has a 30-mm VOG-17 magazine-propelled grenade launcher, which had a positive effect on a significant improvement in its maneuverability. ARGB can be used as a very powerful weapon of fire support for a motorized rifle unit. Such weapons are indispensable for the direct fire support of infantry, especially in offensive combat, in combat operations in complicated conditions: in settlements, in the trenches, in the mountains. The grenade launcher also fully revealed the advantages of Baryshev’s semi-free shutter system, allowing for quite effective automatic fire with powerful shots from unstable positions from the course and standing from the hip at a distance of 400-500. When firing from the ARGB, the recoil is no more felt than when firing from 40-mm grenade launcher GP-25, mounted on the machine. When firing from stable positions (lying with a bipod), a significant part of the recoil is effectively dampened by the shock absorber built into the butt, thus increasing the accuracy of the fight.
Developed by the Baryshev complex (module) of small arms with a new locking assembly includes: AB-5,45 submachine guns for the automatic cartridge of the caliber 5,45x39 mm and AB-7,62 for the automatic cartridge of the caliber 7,62х39 mm; AVB automatic rifle for rifle and machine-gun cartridge caliber 7,62x53 mm; 12,7-mm heavy machine gun KPB and 30-mm automatic hand-held grenade launcher ARGB under a regular shot VOG-17. The engineer began working on the creation of this weapon as early as 1962, and already in 1969 he received a copyright certificate for a new design of the barrel bore locking device. For several decades, the designer brought his weapon to the industrial level, and in the eighties, his samples were tested first in the Armed Forces, and then representatives of the KGB of the USSR and special forces of the GRU of the USSR Ministry of Defense. Opinions about weapons Barysheva divided. The military, who had a simple, reliable and, most importantly, fully developed Kalashnikov weapons (AK-74 machine gun, RPK-74 light machine gun and a single PKM machine gun) did not need more sophisticated weapons, since its required quantity and development in the troops required huge financial costs and a lot of time. But representatives of the special services called for the urgent adoption of Baryshev’s weapons, which was due to his superiority over similar domestic and foreign models. However, the collapse of our state that followed soon and the concern of the security forces with completely different problems, and first of all with their own survival, led to the fact that the adoption of the entire complex of Baryshev’s weapons or at least some of its components was put under very great doubt. But the persistent designer continued his work, and in 1993, the Russian Federation Committee on Patents and Patent Signs issues Anatoly Filippovich with patent No. 2002195 for the invention of the “locking mechanism of small arms or artillery weapons”. Thus, once again, the uniqueness, industrial significance and manufacturability of the Baryshev locking mechanism were officially recognized. The lack of support from official structures at home forced Anatoly Filippovich to seek help to continue his work abroad. A small Czech armory company LCZ-Group, which was mainly engaged in the resale of weapons abroad, became interested in the weapon of the Russian designer. Under the contract, LCZ-Group received from Baryshev a module consisting of an 7,62-mm assault rifle, an 7,62-mm automatic rifle, an 12,7-mm large-caliber machine gun and an 30-mm automatic grenade launcher, and, moreover, a completely new 9-mm B-50 pistol with Shop on 14 ammo. Already the first open demonstration of these weapons at the international arms exhibition IDET-95 in Brno created a real sensation in the world. However, the Czech company, in violation of the contract, put out Baryshev’s weapon on IDET-95, attempting to pass it on to its own designs, and under its own brand (with LCZ indexes B-10 / B-40), simultaneously removing the designer’s surname and copyright certificates from the advertisement. Attempts by dishonest arms dealers to sell a patent for these weapons to the West were instantly stopped, and the agreement between Baryshev and the LCZ-Group was terminated. The newest domestic weapons returned to their homeland, which, as it turned out later, still did not need it. Although the original barrel locking system used in Baryshev’s weapons, the modular construction principle (due to the wide unification of all samples), the application of modern technological solutions in the design not only determines the most dynamic development of the main individual infantry weapon for many decades, but also significantly reduces the cost of its production, facilitating its operation and development in the army.
Baryshev’s weapons belong to automation systems that use a semi-free bolt for operation. All samples of this weapon have very peculiar locking points created according to a single scheme. Their peculiarity is that, along with their main function, they also provide partial absorption of recoil energy of the weapon, since the bolt parts — the battle larva, the bolt carrier, the bolt body and the locking lever — are not rigidly interconnected, therefore a significant part of the recoil energy during the shot is spent on sequential putting them in motion, which, in turn, due to the collision of moving elements and stretching their action over time significantly, at least 2,5-3 times, reduces the recoil force. Reducing the recoil force acting when fired at the shooter allowed not only increasing the accuracy of automatic fire in continuous bursts, but at the same time reducing the 2-3 times the mass of weapons, as well as using any types of small arms ammunition automatic and ending with powerful grenade rounds. While maintaining the accuracy of shooting, this made it possible to avoid the installation of such weapons on complex and heavy machines and get along with a simple and easy two-legged bipod. By the undoubted advantages of the new system can be attributed to the rejection of the gas engine (gas piston, gas chamber and gas lines), which greatly simplified and cheapened the design of weapons and influenced the improvement of its performance. The shooting of Baryshev’s weapons is being carried out from the so-called rear whisper, i.e. The moving parts of the automatics before the shot are in the rear position, and there is no cartridge in the unlocked chamber. Such a constructive decision is more typical for submachine guns, machine guns and automatic cannons. The new design of the Baryshev weapon allowed, in contrast to the standard samples of domestic small arms, in which, due to the large dispersion when firing even short bursts at a distance over 50 m, only the first bullet has a chance to hit the target (and getting into the enemy with more than one bullet is possible only when shooting point-blank), to make automatic fire the main type of shooting, and the shooter already at a distance of 200-400 m with a high degree of probability can hit the target. Dispersion when firing bursts from the Baryshev machine gun is at least 10 times lower than that of a regular weapon.
Particularly convincingly, the advantages of the new mechanism appeared in the large-caliber machine gun KPB and the automatic grenade launcher ARGB, which, when fired with continuous fire from the bipod, provide sufficient stability, having a much smaller mass than similar standard samples - the heavy machine gun NSV-12,7 “Utes” and the automatic grenade launcher AGS -17 “Flame”. Reducing the mass of the large-caliber weapons of the Baryshev design, among other things, reduced the calculation from 2-3 people to one gunner and sharply increased its maneuverability, which is extremely important for conducting combat operations in the city, in field fortifications, in the forest, i.e. in those challenging combat conditions where small arms take priority. The presence of such weapons in the army can immediately have a positive impact on the change in tactics of combat and the empowerment of the rifle division.
7,62-mm machine gun Baryshev AB-7,62 with the butt folded
The Baryshev AB-5,45 and AB-7,62 assault rifles are designed to defeat enemy personnel and equipment at distances up to 600 m. They have certain advantages over the standard AKM and AK-74 Kalashnikov assault rifles, both in terms of mass-dimensional characteristics, including due to folding stock very successful design, and the simplicity of the device. Instead of a gas tube, they have a handle for carrying a weapon. The trigger mechanism allows two modes of firing: single and automatic. Safety lock at the same time is also the switch of a type of fire. The penetrative action of the bullets and the range of a direct shot when firing from AB-5,45 / 7,62 and AKM / AK-74 is practically the same. At the same time, when firing from AB-7,62 submachine guns, the recoil is significantly less than even in AK-74, and the barrel does not lead up when firing in bursts. This allows a much more accurate fire continuous bursts for longer distances than from AKM.
7,62-mm automatic rifle Baryshev AVB
The Baryshev AVB automatic rifle is designed for accurate shooting at distances up to 800 m at remote small targets - manpower and enemy equipment, which appears in the field of view of the shooter for a short time. In terms of its mass-dimensional characteristics, this rifle is close to the SVD. However, being only 0,4 kg heavier than the gun Dragunov, AVB is the only system designed for a powerful rifle cartridge rev.1908 g., Allowing at a distance of up to 200 m conduct targeted fire in bursts from unstable positions, including standing from the shoulder , and directional fire - with the butt pressed to the side. Like the AB machine gun, the AVB rifle is equipped with a carrying handle, a folding butt and can be completed with both a light bipod that replaces the shank, and a shank made of impact-resistant plastic. Recoil when shooting Baryshev rifle felt a little more than when firing AKM. Therefore, after some training, the average shooter when shooting in short bursts in 10 rounds of shots stably lays all the bullets into the standard chest target at a distance of 25 m. But even such a successful rifle has its drawbacks. First of all - a small capacity 10-charging standard store from SVD. This flaw is especially visible when shooting with automatic fire. In addition, with a sufficiently short barrel due to the use of powerful ammunition rounds in the AVB rifle mod. The 1908 r. During firing is not entirely successful design of the muzzle device allows too loud sound of a shot and a large exhaust muzzle flame, which unmasks the shooter, especially at night.
12,7-mm large-caliber machine gun Baryshev CPB with a shop
Baryshev heavy machine gun KPB is designed to destroy lightly armored vehicles or low-flying enemy aircraft and helicopters at distances to 600 m. In terms of mass and dimensions, the PBC greatly benefits compared to heavy machine guns (DShKM, NSV), at the same time significantly, more than in 2 times, yielding to them in practical rate of fire. The CPB machine gun, like the rest of Baryshev’s weapons, has a folding butt and a bipod, as well as a bar for mounting various optical and night sights. Its features include a new store supply system 12,7-mm large-caliber cartridges B-32. The magazine, installed in the KPB machine gun on top of the receiver, is filled with cartridges from pre-loaded clips, thanks to which the Baryshev machine gun shows a good combat rate of fire - up to 50 rounds / min. At the same time, the design of this weapon is much simpler and not less reliable in operation than the ribbon power in modern large-caliber machine guns.
30-mm automatic hand grenade launcher Baryshev ARGB
The Baryshev ARGB automatic hand grenade launcher is designed to hit single and group enemy targets with fragmentation grenades at distances to 1000 m. For indirect fire, the grenade launcher is equipped with an optical sight with a side level and a goniometer, a detachable bipod and a folding butt-opener. Practically all the advantages characteristic of the KPB machine gun were fully embodied in the Baryshev manual grenade launcher. ARGB on mass-dimensional characteristics significantly ahead of all known systems of automatic grenade launchers. The grenade launcher also has a 30-mm VOG-17 magazine-propelled grenade launcher, which had a positive effect on a significant improvement in its maneuverability. ARGB can be used as a very powerful weapon of fire support for a motorized rifle unit. Such weapons are indispensable for the direct fire support of infantry, especially in offensive combat, in combat operations in complicated conditions: in settlements, in the trenches, in the mountains. The grenade launcher also fully revealed the advantages of Baryshev’s semi-free shutter system, allowing for quite effective automatic fire with powerful shots from unstable positions from the course and standing from the hip at a distance of 400-500. When firing from the ARGB, the recoil is no more felt than when firing from 40-mm grenade launcher GP-25, mounted on the machine. When firing from stable positions (lying with a bipod), a significant part of the recoil is effectively dampened by the shock absorber built into the butt, thus increasing the accuracy of the fight.
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