War as a proving ground: new equipment in the Syrian operation
According to the Russian Ministry of Defense, over the three years of work in Syria, our military have tried the 231 sample of modern and modernized weapons and equipment. Most of the samples were first used in a real conflict and outside the landfills. In the course of actual combat use, the actual characteristics and capabilities of the products were established. If necessary, the industry received an order to improve the sample, which did not show the necessary characteristics.
In the course of the current operation, for the first time in the domestic practice, a technique is used which simplifies the process of refining and improving the material part. On the base in Syria, there are always specialists from defense enterprises involved in the maintenance of equipment and weapons. Due to this, development organizations in a minimum time receive all the necessary information about the operation, including complaints and suggestions.
Aviation in battle
The main combat work in the framework of the Syrian operation took over aerospace forces. The first combat sorties with strikes against the targets of the terrorists were already made on September 30 on the very first day of the operation. To date, the VKS in the face of front-line and long-range aviation have performed almost 2015 thousand sorties and delivered tens of thousands of different types of ammunition to the targets.
In the Syrian operation participated and participate all the main samples of aviation equipment of the Russian VKS. Some types of equipment have already been used in previous conflicts, but a number of airplanes and helicopters set out to fight for the first time. In this case, we are talking about both the newest models and the relatively old technology. For example, the main long-range aviation aircraft struck the real target for the first time only in the autumn of 2015, a few decades after the start of their service.
For the first time, the Su-30CM and Su-35C multipurpose fighters set off for a real war. The Su-25CM and Su-34 strike aircraft became other "newcomers". Aircraft of these types entered service in recent years and have not yet participated in hostilities. Only the Su-34 bomber can be considered an exception - a couple of such vehicles were limited to participating in the operation to force Georgia to peace in the 2008 year. However, full-scale combat work began only three years ago, in Syria. Perhaps the greatest interest in the context of tactical aviation is the trial operation of the four newest Su-57 fighters.
Long-range Tu-95MS bombers have been in service for several decades, but until recently, they never made real combat missions to hit targets. The Tu-160 aircraft can also not be called new, and they also used their weapons for the first time to attack the enemy’s real objects only in the 2015 year.
In the fall of 2015, a group of Russian military helicopters began work in Syria. In addition to the Mi-24 machines of various modifications, new attack helicopters Mi-28H and Ka-52 participate in the operation. Transport problems are solved by new Mi-8AMTSH. This technique appeared relatively recently, and before the start of the Syrian operation did not have time to participate in this war.
Earlier it was reported that to control the situation in Syria, up to 70 unmanned aerial vehicles of various types are used. Under the conditions of local conflict, for the first time, UAVs of a number of types are used: Orlan-10, Aileron-3, Outpost, Dozor-100, etc.
One of the main tasks of the Russian Aerospace Forces in Syria is to strike at ground targets of terrorist organizations. To solve it, a wide range of aviation weapons, both old and new, is used. In addition, for the first time, some munitions that had not previously been used to strike outside the landfills were used. As part of the Syrian operation, the VKS used unguided and guided bombs and missiles of various classes, including strategic models.
Together with the well-known models of weapons, already used in battle, the VKS used a completely new development. First of all, a new line of adjustable bombs was found - KAB-500С, KAB-1500, etc. Also, the attention of specialists and the public attracted the first episodes of the combat use of strategic cruise missiles X-555 and X-101. Prospective Su-57 fighters tested X-59MK2 air-to-surface missiles in combat. Attack helicopters for the first time used anti-tank missiles "Whirlwind-1M" against real targets.
Participation fleet
Already in the fall of 2015, the Navy ships were involved in the combat work to destroy the militants. As in the case of aerospace forces, a number of naval ships and armaments were used for the first time outside the scope of the exercises. In total, more than 180 ships and vessels took part in the operation. They performed almost 190 combat campaigns.
The participation of the fleet in the operation began with a joint launch of cruise missiles by several ships of the Caspian Flotilla. Rocket ships of the projects 11661K "Cheetah" and 21631 "Buyan-M" in early October 2015 carried out missile firing. The targets on the territory of Syria went 26 missiles complex "Caliber-NK." Later on, the ships of the Caspian flotilla attacked the terrorists several times.
In early December of the same year, the first military launches of the Caliber missiles from the submarine carrier took place. The submarine "Rostov-on-Don" in practice demonstrated the capabilities of the diesel-electric submarines of the 636.3 project. Later, three more submarines of the same project used their weapons to attack the enemy.
Since November 2016, two frigates of the 11356 project, Admiral Grigorovich and Admiral Essen, participated in the Syrian operation. These ships took part in five rocket attacks. Shooting was carried out both independently and together with the Varshavyanka-type submarines.
Perhaps the main Russian novelty in the field of the Navy has become precisely the Kalibr missile system in versions for surface ships and submarines. From October 2015 to November 2017, ships and submarines carried out 13 rocket attacks using nearly hundreds of missiles. Thus, only one armament complex, already widely spread, was able to make a significant contribution to the fight against terrorism.
In the autumn of 2016, a large ship group approached the shores of Syria. It consisted of the only Russian aircraft carrier, the Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union, Kuznetsov, the heavy nuclear missile cruiser Peter the Great, the frigate Admiral Grigorovich, and other ships and support vessels. All of them took part in the combat operation for the first time, and some ships also had to use their weapons for the first time for a real purpose.
The aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov delivered deck fighters Su-33 and MiG-29K, which had not previously participated in the battles, to the place of combat operation. Also, the ship group provided the first combat work of the Ka-52K deck helicopters and the Ka-31B radar patrol vehicles.
Coastal forces of the Navy involved in the Syrian operation, also got the opportunity to test their equipment in real conditions. Of particular interest is the first combat use of the coastal missile system "Bastion-P". This time, his Onyx anti-ship missiles were used against ground targets.
Land operations
The Syrian operation involved some ground units and structures designed to solve certain special tasks. Thus, a significant contribution to the security of the Russian group and the establishment of a peaceful life was made by the military police. There are various types of equipment and weapons on its weapons, including the newest ones. For example, it was the military police that was the first to receive significant amounts of modern Typhoon armored vehicles in the army.
The International Mine Action Center was formed as part of the engineering troops of the Russian Armed Forces, whose task is to clear the territories from explosive devices. Employees of the center for the first time used during the present conflict a wide range of various equipment and technology. Armed with this organization, there are many new and modernized search and neutralization systems. The most famous among all the special tools received robotic complexes "Scarab", "Sphere" and "Uran-6".
In early 2017, the Russian army delivered several types of ground armored vehicles to Syria, including a support combat vehicle tanks BMPT "Terminator". This model showed itself well during the fighting in urban conditions and confirmed its capabilities. According to the results of exploitation in Syria, it was decided to adopt such equipment into service; also appeared an order for mass production.
To protect the Russian bases in Syria, already in 2015, the airborne defense systems were deployed. They include all modern samples of anti-aircraft systems of different classes. The zone near the airfields and bases is controlled by the Pantsir-С1 rocket-gun complexes. Also used are the medium-range air defense missile systems Buk-М2 and long-range systems С-400. Some air defense components have already been used in combat. Thus, in the past, the militants repeatedly attempted to attack Khmeimim’s airbase using improvised UAVs and missiles. Pantsiri and other systems have confirmed their ability to destroy such objects.
War and check
Thanks to the beginning of the military operation in Syria, the Russian armed forces received a unique opportunity to test and test their weapons and equipment not only at the test sites, but also in the context of a real armed conflict. In addition, the operation could be used to refine and test the skills of personnel. The Russian army took full advantage of these opportunities, which led to known results.
For three years, in the conditions of a real war, more than 230 samples of modern weapons and equipment passed the test. At the same time, representatives of the defense complex collected data on the exploitation of the material part, necessary for its further development. Not all new samples showed themselves from the good side, but soon they managed to be improved and brought into line with the requirements of the customer. It is important that during the operation in Syria, systems and samples of various classes, both new and relatively old products, went through combat testing.
Not so long ago, it was reported that over the past three years more than 63 thousand troops in various ranks took part in the Syrian operation. Almost the entire flight crew of the aerospace forces and many specialists from other branches of the military managed to go on a business trip. They have gained valuable experience in the current low-intensity conflict in the territory of another state, and can now share new knowledge with other military personnel.
Thus, the Syrian operation became the most important event in modern stories domestic armed forces. It is of great importance both for the training of personnel and for the development of armaments and military equipment. The army was able to test all the major innovations of recent years, find the most effective ways to use them, and in some cases improve them.
On the materials of the sites:
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