B-586 "Kronstadt". 13 years of waiting and high hopes
On September 20 a solemn ceremony of launching the new large diesel-electric submarine B-586 "Kronstadt" took place at the shipyard "Admiralty Shipyards". The construction of this ship took a lot of time, and in addition, it had to be suspended due to the need to recycle the project. Nevertheless, all existing problems were solved, so that the new diesel-electric submarines could be tested in the near future and begin service. According to current plans, Kronstadt will be accepted into the Russian Navy in the next 2019 year.
The first serial diesel-electric submarines of the 677 project “Lada”, which received the name “Kronstadt”, was laid down at the “Admiralty shipyards” a long time ago - in July 2005 of the year. By this time, the plant had time to pass on testing the head ship of the project “Lada” - B-585 “St. Petersburg”. According to the plans of that time, the second boat of the project was to be tested and enter service until the end of the decade. However, these plans could not be fulfilled due to a number of serious problems. The tests of St. Petersburg showed that the 677 project has several serious flaws.
ДЭПЛ Б-585 as a whole and its separate units differed "dampness" of a design. As a result, the main power plant could develop only half of the rated capacity, and the hydro-acoustic complex and the combat information and control system did not solve the assigned tasks without errors. What this led to is well known. The head "Lada" was put into trial operation in order to identify and eliminate existing shortcomings at the project level. In addition, in 2009, the construction of the next two submarines, the Kronstadt and Sevastopol (now the Great Luke), was suspended.
As the pilot operation of St. Petersburg continued and the project was finalized, various statements were made and different rumors appeared. So, at the beginning of 2012, it became known about the possible rejection of the further development of the Lada project. However, a year later, the opposite information appeared: it turned out that the industry had coped with the problems, thanks to which it became possible to continue building ships.
In July, 2013, the Admiralty Shipyards continued the construction of the first production diesel-electric submarines of the 677 project. It was reported that the boat will be completed on a seriously redesigned project. It provided for the replacement of 130 airborne components. In particular, the power plant, which earlier showed insufficient characteristics, underwent the most serious alteration. After completing part of the work at Kronstadt, in the middle of 2015, the second serial “Lada” - B-587 “Great Luke” was held.
After the resumption of construction, the fleet and industry several times adjusted their plans for new boats and the whole series. So, several times the new deadlines for ships were called. At a certain period, the delivery of two boats was scheduled for 2018-19 years, but later some problems led to the fact that only water slopes were assigned to this period. In addition, at a certain period, the command of the Navy planned to abandon the further construction of submarines of the 677 project, confining itself to only three ships.
Shipbuilding successfully coped with the tasks and was able to complete the construction of a new submarine ahead of schedule. Kronstadt was launched a few days ago - September 20. According to official reports, it takes several months to test the ship. In combat fleet he will be able to enter next year. At the same time, construction of the B-587 Velikiye Luki diesel-electric submarine continues, which is also due to be completed in the near future.
Last year, the command of the Navy announced its plans for the future fate of the project "Lada". Successful processing of the project will continue the construction of serial submarines. In the foreseeable future, Kronstadt and Velikiye Luki will have to be followed by two new diesel-electric submarines. Not so long ago, the management of the United Shipbuilding Corporation indicated that the contract for these ships could be signed before the end of this year. New submarines project 677 will be commissioned by the middle of the next decade. After that, it is planned to order new “Lada”.
***
The project of a diesel-electric submarine "677" / "Lada" was developed in the mid-nineties by the Central Design Bureau of Marine Engineering "Rubin" (St. Petersburg). In the future, the same organization took up the processing of the project, taking into account the test results and trial operation of the lead ship. All three currently existing submarines were built or are being built by the Admiralty Shipyards. Apparently, two new ships will also be built by this company.
The objective of the project was to create a modern non-nuclear submarine with high technical, combat and operational characteristics, capable of replacing the existing submarines of the 877 “Halibus” project. In the aggregate of characteristics and capabilities, the new 677 project boats belong to the conditional fourth generation of non-nuclear submarines. Due to the construction of the LAD, the fleet planned to renew the non-nuclear part of the submarine forces, giving them new capabilities of one kind or another.
The 677 project was developed using existing experience while applying new ideas, solutions and components. As a result, the finished submarine of this type is to some extent similar to the “Halibut”, but it has serious differences of one kind or another. In particular, it was possible to achieve a significant reduction in size while maintaining other parameters.
The diesel submarines of the 677 project are based on a semi-enclosure scheme with a solid cylindrical body with hemispherical bow and stern parts. The internal volume of the body with the help of bulkheads is divided into five compartments. The ships also receive a light hull of small size and streamlined shape, forming a deck. The logging fencing was created taking into account the developments in previous projects. On the fencing of the logging are located the front horizontal rudders. In the stern are horizontal and vertical planes with rudders.
In the modern version, the Lada is equipped with a diesel-electric power plant with full electric propulsion. Its basis is a pair of diesel generators with an output of 1000 kW and a main propeller motor with an output of 4100 hp. The engine interacts with a single propeller.
The creation of new hulls and power plants has reduced the size of the ship, at the same time getting quite high technical characteristics. The submarine's length is 67 m with a maximum width of 7,1 m. The displacement in the surface position is 1765 t, in the underwater position - 2650 t. For comparison, the 877 design submarine has a length of almost 74 m with a width less than 10 m, the 2300 submersible displacement and underwater 3040 length t.
"Lada" can dive to a depth of 300 m and in a submerged position to reach speeds up to the 21 node. By these parameters, the new submarines are significantly ahead of the older "Halibut". The crew managed to reduce to 35 people, but the autonomy remained the same - 45 days.
In the bow of the submarine is six torpedo tubes caliber 533 mm. These devices are designed to use torpedoes, rockets and mines. Separate launchers for missiles are not provided. Products of the “Caliber” type are proposed to be launched using torpedo tubes. Depending on the task, the ship can take on board up to 18 torpedoes or missiles, or more than 40 sea mines. For self-defense in the surface position, the crew has several portable anti-aircraft missile systems.
Staffing weapons allows Lada to deal with all the main objectives. The boat is able to attack and destroy enemy submarines, surface ships and coastal targets. It is also possible to install minefields in the specified areas.
To obtain high combat qualities, the submarines are equipped with modern on-board equipment of various types. The main tasks of processing information and ensuring the use of weapons are solved by the automated battle control system "Li". Lada also carries the Irtysh hydro-acoustic complex with a large nose antenna device and a long towed antenna. According to some reports, the recent revision of the 677 project has affected both of these systems, with the result that their effectiveness has been brought to the required level, and the boat as a whole has received the required capabilities.
According to known data, a number of developments were used in the 677 project, aimed at improving the basic operational and combat qualities. So, at the expense of a one-and-a-half construction of reduced dimensions, new vibration isolators and a special propeller motor, it was possible to significantly reduce the noise of the submarine. In this parameter, Lada surpasses the 636.3 Varshavyanka project being built by a large series of diesel-electric submarines.
***
In the distant past, large diesel-electric submarines of the 677 "Lada" project were considered as a replacement for existing turbot-type submarines, with the help of which it was planned to update the non-nuclear component of the submarine forces of the navy. If the original plans of this kind, which ultimately turned out to be overly optimistic, were fully implemented, the fleet could have received significant quantities of 677 diesel-electric submarines and could also abandon some of the outdated 877 ships.
However, the construction of the head "Lada" was delayed, and then she had technical problems. The need to refine the existing project has led to a serious shift in the timing of the start of rearmament. Moreover, at the turn of the last decades, it was decided to suspend the construction of 677-type submarines and order new ships of the Varshavyanka project. Having similar capabilities and features, the diesel-electric substage of 677 and 636.3 projects had significant differences, and the latter in some respects lost to Ladam. However, the actual lack of an alternative led to known events.
While the industry was engaged in finalizing the 677 project and resuming the construction of two already laid submarines, an order appeared for the first series of six Varshavyanok. By the time the first serial “Lada” was launched, this order was completely fulfilled, and the construction of the second such series was begun. The achieved success in the construction of new diesel-electric submarines of the 677 project is a reason for optimism, and also allows you to make plans for the future.
According to recent data, the second order for six “Varshavyanok” may be the last. At the same time, it is planned to order two more “Lads” in addition to the three currently available. The construction of the fifth ship of this type will be completed by 2025 year, after which new contracts may appear. It is curious that in the future the possibility of a new improvement in the 677 project is not excluded. In recent years, the issue of equipping such boats with a promising air-independent power plant has been repeatedly raised.
According to current plans, until the end of the twenties, the Russian Navy can receive at least five diesel-electric submarines of the 677 "Lada" project. The transfer of the latter will take place at the end of the next decade. Further plans for the development of submarine forces are not yet fully defined. In the recent past, it was repeatedly mentioned that new boats from the Kalina project, having a number of serious differences, will replace the Lada in the series. However, this project is not yet ready to launch construction.
***
A few days ago, the Admiralty Shipyards launched the first serial diesel-electric submarine of the Lada project 677. The construction of this ship, taking into account the break for well-known reasons, took a little over 13 years. In the coming months he will undergo the necessary tests, after which he will be able to begin the service. Also, they should soon be launched and sent for testing the third submarine of the series - “The Great Luke”. The construction of new submarines is still a matter of the distant future. Apparently, the Lada can no longer be truly mass, but the number of boats planned for construction can affect the fleet's capabilities.
Numerous problems of the lead ship of the 677 project at one time led to the suspension of the construction of several submarines at once. In the future, the project was redesigned, so construction was resumed. Even after 13 years after laying, but the B-586 "Kronstadt" still goes to the test and is approaching the beginning of the service. There is every reason to believe that the time delay was used to the fullest and with positive results. Due to this, the submarine, built on the updated project, is able to show all the required characteristics and capabilities.
On the materials of the sites:
https://tass.ru/
http://tass.ru/
http://flot.com/
http://admship.ru/
http://ckb-rubin.ru/
https://bmpd.livejournal.com/
The first serial diesel-electric submarines of the 677 project “Lada”, which received the name “Kronstadt”, was laid down at the “Admiralty shipyards” a long time ago - in July 2005 of the year. By this time, the plant had time to pass on testing the head ship of the project “Lada” - B-585 “St. Petersburg”. According to the plans of that time, the second boat of the project was to be tested and enter service until the end of the decade. However, these plans could not be fulfilled due to a number of serious problems. The tests of St. Petersburg showed that the 677 project has several serious flaws.
ДЭПЛ Б-585 as a whole and its separate units differed "dampness" of a design. As a result, the main power plant could develop only half of the rated capacity, and the hydro-acoustic complex and the combat information and control system did not solve the assigned tasks without errors. What this led to is well known. The head "Lada" was put into trial operation in order to identify and eliminate existing shortcomings at the project level. In addition, in 2009, the construction of the next two submarines, the Kronstadt and Sevastopol (now the Great Luke), was suspended.
As the pilot operation of St. Petersburg continued and the project was finalized, various statements were made and different rumors appeared. So, at the beginning of 2012, it became known about the possible rejection of the further development of the Lada project. However, a year later, the opposite information appeared: it turned out that the industry had coped with the problems, thanks to which it became possible to continue building ships.
In July, 2013, the Admiralty Shipyards continued the construction of the first production diesel-electric submarines of the 677 project. It was reported that the boat will be completed on a seriously redesigned project. It provided for the replacement of 130 airborne components. In particular, the power plant, which earlier showed insufficient characteristics, underwent the most serious alteration. After completing part of the work at Kronstadt, in the middle of 2015, the second serial “Lada” - B-587 “Great Luke” was held.
After the resumption of construction, the fleet and industry several times adjusted their plans for new boats and the whole series. So, several times the new deadlines for ships were called. At a certain period, the delivery of two boats was scheduled for 2018-19 years, but later some problems led to the fact that only water slopes were assigned to this period. In addition, at a certain period, the command of the Navy planned to abandon the further construction of submarines of the 677 project, confining itself to only three ships.
Shipbuilding successfully coped with the tasks and was able to complete the construction of a new submarine ahead of schedule. Kronstadt was launched a few days ago - September 20. According to official reports, it takes several months to test the ship. In combat fleet he will be able to enter next year. At the same time, construction of the B-587 Velikiye Luki diesel-electric submarine continues, which is also due to be completed in the near future.
Last year, the command of the Navy announced its plans for the future fate of the project "Lada". Successful processing of the project will continue the construction of serial submarines. In the foreseeable future, Kronstadt and Velikiye Luki will have to be followed by two new diesel-electric submarines. Not so long ago, the management of the United Shipbuilding Corporation indicated that the contract for these ships could be signed before the end of this year. New submarines project 677 will be commissioned by the middle of the next decade. After that, it is planned to order new “Lada”.
***
The project of a diesel-electric submarine "677" / "Lada" was developed in the mid-nineties by the Central Design Bureau of Marine Engineering "Rubin" (St. Petersburg). In the future, the same organization took up the processing of the project, taking into account the test results and trial operation of the lead ship. All three currently existing submarines were built or are being built by the Admiralty Shipyards. Apparently, two new ships will also be built by this company.
The objective of the project was to create a modern non-nuclear submarine with high technical, combat and operational characteristics, capable of replacing the existing submarines of the 877 “Halibus” project. In the aggregate of characteristics and capabilities, the new 677 project boats belong to the conditional fourth generation of non-nuclear submarines. Due to the construction of the LAD, the fleet planned to renew the non-nuclear part of the submarine forces, giving them new capabilities of one kind or another.
The 677 project was developed using existing experience while applying new ideas, solutions and components. As a result, the finished submarine of this type is to some extent similar to the “Halibut”, but it has serious differences of one kind or another. In particular, it was possible to achieve a significant reduction in size while maintaining other parameters.
The diesel submarines of the 677 project are based on a semi-enclosure scheme with a solid cylindrical body with hemispherical bow and stern parts. The internal volume of the body with the help of bulkheads is divided into five compartments. The ships also receive a light hull of small size and streamlined shape, forming a deck. The logging fencing was created taking into account the developments in previous projects. On the fencing of the logging are located the front horizontal rudders. In the stern are horizontal and vertical planes with rudders.
In the modern version, the Lada is equipped with a diesel-electric power plant with full electric propulsion. Its basis is a pair of diesel generators with an output of 1000 kW and a main propeller motor with an output of 4100 hp. The engine interacts with a single propeller.
The creation of new hulls and power plants has reduced the size of the ship, at the same time getting quite high technical characteristics. The submarine's length is 67 m with a maximum width of 7,1 m. The displacement in the surface position is 1765 t, in the underwater position - 2650 t. For comparison, the 877 design submarine has a length of almost 74 m with a width less than 10 m, the 2300 submersible displacement and underwater 3040 length t.
"Lada" can dive to a depth of 300 m and in a submerged position to reach speeds up to the 21 node. By these parameters, the new submarines are significantly ahead of the older "Halibut". The crew managed to reduce to 35 people, but the autonomy remained the same - 45 days.
In the bow of the submarine is six torpedo tubes caliber 533 mm. These devices are designed to use torpedoes, rockets and mines. Separate launchers for missiles are not provided. Products of the “Caliber” type are proposed to be launched using torpedo tubes. Depending on the task, the ship can take on board up to 18 torpedoes or missiles, or more than 40 sea mines. For self-defense in the surface position, the crew has several portable anti-aircraft missile systems.
Staffing weapons allows Lada to deal with all the main objectives. The boat is able to attack and destroy enemy submarines, surface ships and coastal targets. It is also possible to install minefields in the specified areas.
To obtain high combat qualities, the submarines are equipped with modern on-board equipment of various types. The main tasks of processing information and ensuring the use of weapons are solved by the automated battle control system "Li". Lada also carries the Irtysh hydro-acoustic complex with a large nose antenna device and a long towed antenna. According to some reports, the recent revision of the 677 project has affected both of these systems, with the result that their effectiveness has been brought to the required level, and the boat as a whole has received the required capabilities.
According to known data, a number of developments were used in the 677 project, aimed at improving the basic operational and combat qualities. So, at the expense of a one-and-a-half construction of reduced dimensions, new vibration isolators and a special propeller motor, it was possible to significantly reduce the noise of the submarine. In this parameter, Lada surpasses the 636.3 Varshavyanka project being built by a large series of diesel-electric submarines.
***
In the distant past, large diesel-electric submarines of the 677 "Lada" project were considered as a replacement for existing turbot-type submarines, with the help of which it was planned to update the non-nuclear component of the submarine forces of the navy. If the original plans of this kind, which ultimately turned out to be overly optimistic, were fully implemented, the fleet could have received significant quantities of 677 diesel-electric submarines and could also abandon some of the outdated 877 ships.
However, the construction of the head "Lada" was delayed, and then she had technical problems. The need to refine the existing project has led to a serious shift in the timing of the start of rearmament. Moreover, at the turn of the last decades, it was decided to suspend the construction of 677-type submarines and order new ships of the Varshavyanka project. Having similar capabilities and features, the diesel-electric substage of 677 and 636.3 projects had significant differences, and the latter in some respects lost to Ladam. However, the actual lack of an alternative led to known events.
While the industry was engaged in finalizing the 677 project and resuming the construction of two already laid submarines, an order appeared for the first series of six Varshavyanok. By the time the first serial “Lada” was launched, this order was completely fulfilled, and the construction of the second such series was begun. The achieved success in the construction of new diesel-electric submarines of the 677 project is a reason for optimism, and also allows you to make plans for the future.
According to recent data, the second order for six “Varshavyanok” may be the last. At the same time, it is planned to order two more “Lads” in addition to the three currently available. The construction of the fifth ship of this type will be completed by 2025 year, after which new contracts may appear. It is curious that in the future the possibility of a new improvement in the 677 project is not excluded. In recent years, the issue of equipping such boats with a promising air-independent power plant has been repeatedly raised.
According to current plans, until the end of the twenties, the Russian Navy can receive at least five diesel-electric submarines of the 677 "Lada" project. The transfer of the latter will take place at the end of the next decade. Further plans for the development of submarine forces are not yet fully defined. In the recent past, it was repeatedly mentioned that new boats from the Kalina project, having a number of serious differences, will replace the Lada in the series. However, this project is not yet ready to launch construction.
***
A few days ago, the Admiralty Shipyards launched the first serial diesel-electric submarine of the Lada project 677. The construction of this ship, taking into account the break for well-known reasons, took a little over 13 years. In the coming months he will undergo the necessary tests, after which he will be able to begin the service. Also, they should soon be launched and sent for testing the third submarine of the series - “The Great Luke”. The construction of new submarines is still a matter of the distant future. Apparently, the Lada can no longer be truly mass, but the number of boats planned for construction can affect the fleet's capabilities.
Numerous problems of the lead ship of the 677 project at one time led to the suspension of the construction of several submarines at once. In the future, the project was redesigned, so construction was resumed. Even after 13 years after laying, but the B-586 "Kronstadt" still goes to the test and is approaching the beginning of the service. There is every reason to believe that the time delay was used to the fullest and with positive results. Due to this, the submarine, built on the updated project, is able to show all the required characteristics and capabilities.
On the materials of the sites:
https://tass.ru/
http://tass.ru/
http://flot.com/
http://admship.ru/
http://ckb-rubin.ru/
https://bmpd.livejournal.com/
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