Ukrainian "Mail"

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Ukrainian "Mail"


Creation of SRR "Kolchuga-M"
The active use of stealth technology in the construction of military equipment comes down to one thing - to reduce the radio-visibility of our own military equipment. But the old as the world saying “for every sword there will be a shield” justifies its centuries-old existence. The “Kolchuga”, as a means of electronic intelligence, was developed in order to counteract new possibilities for reducing radio-visibility. The principle of operation of the SRR "Kolchuga-M" is based on the passive testing of the radio signal of enemy radar facilities. These funds are mandatory for any military equipment in the performance of their immediate tasks for the purpose. Although the signals from such means are quite diverse, but they are and it is possible to identify by them the object on which these funds are installed. This principle, although simple in its presentation, turned out to be intractable in reality. From theory, creation of a concept, development of algorithms for execution and calculation, projects and research to the realization of all this in a working product, the specialists of JSC Topaz took about eight years. Work on the project began in 1993. In 2000, the construction of a new radio intelligence station was fully completed (in the option for export deliveries, and in 1998, Kolchuga-M was ready for production for the Ukrainian army). More than six enterprises and design bureaus participated in the work on Kolchugoy-M. Today it is able to detect almost all active RTS of any carriers. The main purpose - the element of defense. Passive detection of attacking military equipment, negates the elements of "stealth technology" installed on them. In addition, the detected objects will not be able to find out about their detection and, accordingly, take action or detect the “Kolchug-M” itself.



TTH SRR "Kolchuga-M":
- Kolchuga-M can enter the complex from 3-4 stations, which detects and identifies land and surface objects at a distance of 600 kilometers, and flying objects at an altitude of 10 kilometers and at a distance of 800 kilometers.
- the station uses 5 antennas m / dm / cm ranges with sensitivity 90-110 dB / W;
- has an 36-channel receiver of parallel execution with instant detection of objects without frequency search, conducting analysis with subsequent classification of the detected signals in the frequency range 130-18000 MHz;
- provides automatic detection and recognition, using the power of the on-board computer and a database of various parameters with the results displayed on the monitor;
- special selectors allowed to exclude signals interfering with detection and determination and track up to 200 objects;
- sector scan range from 30 to 240 degrees;
- error on the bearing (UPC) 0.3-5 degrees;
- measuring range of pulses in duration 0.5-31.25 μs;
- measuring range of pulses on the passage of 2-79999 μs;
- error on measuring ranges (UCS) no more than 0.1 μs;
- frequency error ± 11 MHz;
- The warranty period 24 year;
- operating temperature ± 50 degrees;
- round-the-clock combat crew 7 man, in peacetime 3-4 man;
- used KrAZ-6322REB-01 chassis.



For the first time, Kolchugu-M was presented at the Jordanian exhibition "SOFEX-2000" for the general public. The cost of one station 5.6 million dollars. There is no analogue of the SRR "Kolchuga-M" for OPH. Noticeably surpasses the system in the parameters and the closest competitors:
- Avac manufactured by the United States is lagging behind the detection range by 200 kilometers, the lower band of the frequency range is more by 1900 MHz;
- “Faith” of Czech production, lags behind the detection range by 350 kilometers, the lower bar of the frequency range is more by 700 MHz;
- “Vega” of Russian production, is behind the detection range by 400 kilometers, the lower bar of the frequency range is more by 70 MHz;
Hence the almost unlimited ceiling of the RTS, which Kolchuga-M can detect and identify. But the experts of JSC Topaz did not stop at what has been accomplished and are constantly conducting research to improve and modernize the SRR Kolchuga-M. This did not go unnoticed by potential foreign buyers, there are ongoing negotiations on deliveries, contracts are concluded. Constant cooperation with the Donetsk National Technical University and the state holding Topaz gives not only new ideas for the development of the complex, but also an influx of new specialists to production.

The creation of the Koltuga-M SRR is not only the creation of a new element of air defense, but also the successful solution of a number of tasks to modernize high-tech facilities for the production of high-frequency electronics, creating antenna structures and other high-tech equipment and equipment, as evidenced by patented solutions hows
The demand for the Kolchuga-M air defense system makes it possible to increase workplaces in the enterprise, attract young specialists and work on this and other innovative projects. Next up is the Mandat communications complex, also produced in Soviet times by the Topaz plant. According to the designers, the upgraded complex, will bypass its competing counterparts in their characteristics.

It was the success of the Kolchuga-M long-range passive radio-technical intelligence system, with the full support of Ukrspetsexport, that gave impetus to the further development of all enterprises that participated in its creation, including KrAZ, Orion and Iskra.
At the moment, “Kolchugu-M” is equipped with the following states:
- Ukraine 2-4 units;
- China 4-8 units;
- Turkmenistan 4 units;
- Georgia 2-3 units;
- Ethiopia 3 units.


Information sources:
http://www.military-informer.narod.ru/pvo-kolchuga.html
http://nazadvgsvg.ru/viewtopic.php?id=787&p=28
http://www.ukrspecexport.com/index/catalogue/t/airdefence/lang/ru/id/71
37 comments
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  1. Yarbay
    +5
    April 20 2012 09: 01
    Already purchased Azerbaijan!
    Very nice complex!
    1. Neighbor
      +1
      April 21 2012 10: 50
      Quote: Yarbay
      Very nice complex!

      Yeah - 85 years of invention - in the USSR. Very good!!!!
      Buy more! To if anything - turned out to be completely powerless against the Russian troops. Which will be equipped with the most modern and advanced complexes and developments. And weapons.
      drinks drinks
      And then yesterday you talked about you - they wrote - Azerbaijan finances the movement - Tatars ..... barbecue - pays for trips, advertising and so on. The essence of the movement - that the Russians and Russia - must belong to the Tatars - like, we have been tormenting them mercilessly for centuries.
      Naturally - it’s not you who pay - but Amer pays through you. Subversion and inf. we are at war. And you are so for them - disposable material. Iran will also be attacked from you. From your borders - and it will be.
      Completely, you have become bored and sold to Amer.
      Ugh on you and on your Chain Mail 25 year old. tongue
      1. kNow
        0
        April 21 2012 10: 59
        [quote = Neighbor] And then yesterday you talk about you - they wrote - Azerbaijan finances the movement - Tatars ..... barbecue [/ quote]

        In the comments under this article there was not a single fool who believed it ... winked

        [/ quote] Ugh on you [/ quote]

        We got a camel smile
      2. kNow
        0
        April 21 2012 11: 01
        Quote: Neighbor
        And then yesterday you talked about you - they wrote - Azerbaijan finances the movement - Tatars ..... barbecue

        In the comments under this article there was not a single fool who believed it ...
        Quote: Neighbor
        Ugh on you

        we have a camel
        1. Neighbor
          -5
          April 21 2012 11: 08
          Quote: kNow
          there was not a single fool who believed this ...

          Oh really!!? And you come in and read what people wrote about Baku there. What is being done is deliberate subversive activity, that the puppet is in Amer’s hands, and that at the dance floor.
          You are our dreamer. Here you are all there at home - such are the deceitful ones. More proof of this. Brazenly lying in the face and smiling at the same time. Just like the Amer - did they learn from them?
          am angry
          Here is another comment from that article - there is a Wahhabi ... on a Wahhabi ... and a Wahhabi drives ... this is the place to be ...!
          What is not enough to find? Or admit - what are you ..... a liar .......?
          1. kNow
            +1
            April 21 2012 11: 11
            answer you - do not respect yourself ... Fire ...

            PYSY. To be born a fool is not necessary to die a fool. Read to the end - then make yourself a laughing stock laughing
  2. +8
    April 20 2012 09: 06
    subject to a suitable complex especially in conjunction with strong air defense and electronic warfare
  3. +13
    April 20 2012 09: 52
    Good complex, no doubt.
    Here are just a sneaky little nod to Amer in 2002 passed under clean.
  4. mga04
    +13
    April 20 2012 10: 09
    They say at that first exhibition in Jordan "Kolchuga" was turned on for a few minutes. During this time, the entire Jordanian air defense system was opened and the locals politely asked the received data to be removed and not to turn on the system again.
    1. Yarbay
      +3
      April 20 2012 10: 31
      smiled)))))))))) poor Jordanians are probably still in shock)))
    2. X-SPIRIT-X
      +4
      April 20 2012 15: 45
      And that was true
  5. Pedro
    -2
    April 20 2012 10: 19
    So, urgently put Russia in exchange for cheap gas
  6. gothic2m
    +10
    April 20 2012 10: 24
    To forestall exclamations on the topic: "Why do we have nothing like this !?", I will invite everyone who is not without interest to ask this question in Google:

    Radio intelligence and passive location station (SRTR) "Valeria"
    1. 755962
      +4
      April 20 2012 11: 28
      Quote: gothic2m
      Radio intelligence and passive location station (SRTR) "Valeria"

      I support! I can imagine what kind of discussion will be. But the "Kolchuga-m" class! No doubt.
      1. +2
        April 20 2012 14: 18
        Duc we have not only 1 lady Valeria she also has a girlfriend Tamara call
        1. gothic2m
          +5
          April 20 2012 14: 36
          Quote: leon-iv
          Duc we have not only 1 lady Valeria she also has a girlfriend Tamara call


          Actually, the KRTR-86 "Tamara" is of Czech production and, as the name shows, it was produced in 86. So it cannot be compared with Kolchuga, let alone Valeria.
          1. +2
            April 20 2012 15: 58
            Meanwhile, this complex has undergone modernization and will work for a long time
        2. Num lock U.A.
          +4
          April 20 2012 17: 36
          Ladies is definitely good, but the chain mail is closer to the body laughing
  7. Antipin
    +3
    April 20 2012 10: 29
    Keep it up!
    The main thing is that they would not use anything against us !!!
    1. black_eagle
      +1
      April 20 2012 18: 57
      Why use it against you?
    2. +1
      28 May 2012 19: 48
      I apologize, dear, say so in vain. I am not responsible for the government in Kiev, but I’m sure that they don’t think of such an option either. They just have nothing to use.
      I live in the city where this thing was done. Now they don't. The plant is standing still, people have not received money for almost six months. there have been no orders for about a year. The management has been taking credit, but it looks like it will soon disappear. Then the plant will be declared bankrupt, the machines will be sold for scrap metal, the property will be distributed for debts (to whom furniture, to whom office equipment, etc.) The premises will be used for renting offices, warehouses, shops. But with "intellectual property" and technical documentation it is more difficult. Most likely, they will sell something to the amerikosy for green papers.
      One thing pleases: there are more than half of the documents of still Soviet developments. I hope Russia has gone further from that time, so that your fears about us are groundless.
      This is not a military secret, people try to protest, get in touch, discuss the problem and organize themselves through city sites, there were already factory workers ’protests in the city, but what's the point.
      1. 0
        27 February 2023 04: 13
        Alas, it seems to me that after the damned srach Maidan, a lot of things from the documentation floated away. In fact, it was they who seized power in Kyiv. But Russia, as part of the NWO, oh, how such a complex is needed. In Ukraine, air defense has not yet been suppressed, in addition, imported European countries are imported. We need ways to detect enemy electronic equipment.
  8. Tiberium
    +3
    April 20 2012 10: 33
    The USSR left Ukraine a rich technical heritage; it’s a sin not to use it.
  9. ZloySobacka
    0
    April 20 2012 10: 35
    In my peasant - two significant drawbacks:
    1. Archaic antenna, hence the dimensions, mobility, deployment time ..
    2. As an independent tool - ineffective. It can work only in combination with active agents. Apparently, it was created as part of the air defense radar system, but for some reason the active part did not go, and the output is what is presented.
    The question is not clear with what control systems it is interfaced, can it give target designation? If not, this is a thing for beauty, a purely interior device. And, in fact, 5 degrees is a very big mistake in determining the bearing to the target. at a distance of 600 km is a circle with a diameter of 100 km. Range error is not indicated at all, and for passive stations it is much larger than in direction.
  10. sribnuu
    +7
    April 20 2012 12: 25
    More of these complexes in Russia and Ukraine! fellow
  11. -12
    April 20 2012 15: 14
    Of this complex, I like only KrAZ =)
  12. +4
    April 20 2012 19: 01
    What Russia is not in the list of owners of this system? Oh yes, we don’t love Ukraine in the Moscow Region .............. we better say ..... but but French!
  13. beard999
    +14
    April 20 2012 19: 18
    The article contains errors and omissions.
    1. SRTR “Chain mail” was created around 1985 by the Kursk Research Institute (known as PO Box V-8455 or the Kursk Institute of the GRU of the General Staff of the USSR). There, the station passed state tests. For the organization of serial production, the SRTR was transferred to the Donetsk Topaz. By order of the USSR Ministry of Defense, they managed to produce 46 stations. From 1992 to 2000, Topaz manufactured another 30 Mail. Including 18 were delivered by the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. It can be assumed that, taking into account deliveries before 1991, today, Russia has the largest number of Kolchuga SRTRs.
    2. By the end of the 90s. in Ukraine they decided that it was necessary to create their cooperation in the "Mail". Russia had its own promising developments in this area, and naturally it did not have any interest in cooperation with Ukraine. In Ukraine, in addition to Topaz, the Donetsk National Technical University, the Kiev enterprise Saturn, the Poltava Elsis OJSC, Orion (the city of Smela), KP SPK Iskra, and the Generator took part in the development of Kolchuga-M "(Kiev)," KrAZ ". The useful was combined with the pleasant - its own intra-Ukrainian cooperation appeared, plus it expanded the capabilities of Chain Mail (in terms of work by air).
    3. Regarding comparisons of characteristics, in particular with the Russian Vega. To begin with, the STRT Kolchuga was created primarily to replace the obsolete Soviet SRTR - SDR-2A. The Vega complex was created parallel to the Chain Mail. The thing is that the “Chain Mail” was originally sharpened as a means of reconnaissance of ground-based overseas targets (which is why the GRU Institute did it), and the “Vega” was originally made in the interests of the country's air defense, i.e. its purpose is precisely airborne targets (the main partner of SPE Special Radio is the Almaz-Antey air defense concern). Initially, their comparison is not correct.
    But during the modernization of the SRTR “Kolchuga-M” received expanded capabilities for working by air. If anyone has a burning desire to compare with the characteristics of Vega, then let's turn to official sources. In particular, the chairman of the board of the state joint-stock holding company Topaz, Yuri Ryabkin, claims that the radius of target detection at Kolchugi-M is up to 600 km. http://censor.net.ua/forum/388035/druzyam_yuschenko_quotkolchugaquot_ne_nujna_on
    i_ee_boyatsya. On the website of the Russian developer, it is indicated that Vega has a range of ties over the horizontal targets of at least (!!!) a certain range, for certain types of aircraft http://www.spetzradio.ru/st_01.html. “Chain Mail-M” does not have such a breakdown. Comparing maximum ranges without specific information (type of target, target height, etc.) is simply pointless.
    In addition, it is not clear why the author compares the old Russian station with the modernized Ukrainian one? Why not with SRTR “Corsair” http://www.spetzradio.ru/st_10_1.html? They were created at the same time as the Chain Mail-M. At the same time, “Corsair” again has a highly specialized air defense orientation. With an extended range, its frequency range is 1-40 GHz., The azimuth viewing sector is 0-360 degrees, the elevation angle is 0-60 degrees, the standard deviation of angular coordinates is 0,5 degrees. in elevation and 0,25 degrees. in azimuth, the error in frequency is no worse than 2 MHz, the number of simultaneously served targets is at least 256, and so on. So compare this data with the similar characteristics of “Chain-M” presented in the article ...
    The above-mentioned Russian STRT “Valeria” http://www.rusarmy.com/pvo/pvo_vvs/rtr_valeriya.html (development of the 90s, OJSC “Lantan”), is also optimized for work on air targets, it definitely has characteristics no worse than the Chain Mail-M.
    1. +2
      April 21 2012 05: 08
      beard999 I absolutely agree with your opinion. I like Pvoshniku ​​closer to the body of Vega. Such a detection range as that of Chain Mail (800km) is too much for air targets. But it does not measure the distance to the target, but Vega measures it (using the triangulation method according to information from 2-3 Orion stations), and this is a very significant advantage for air defense. Vega complex should be in every anti-aircraft missile brigade ......
      1. 0
        9 June 2012 17: 25
        ... with appropriate cover, cherish like the apple of an eye!
  14. +9
    April 20 2012 20: 42
    The principle of operation of the SRP "Chain-M" is based on passive testing of the radio signal of enemy radar systems.l

    As far as I remember, Kolchuga’s uniqueness lies in the fact that it determines aircraft by the radiation of not only the radar of the aircraft (the radar can be turned off), but also by the electromagnetic radiation of any electronic equipment that you certainly can’t turn it off.

    At the moment, “Kolchugu-M” is equipped with the following states:
    ...
    - China 4-8 units;

    Here China, and in such scanty amounts it was impossible to sell. Now they will offer their analogue for export for a third of the price:
  15. +3
    April 20 2012 22: 46
    Initially, "Kolchuga" is a GRUShny product. 100% agree with beard999!
  16. FROST
    0
    April 21 2012 03: 28
    As such, there is no uniqueness in the complex. He actually uses the triangulation method to determine the coordinates of the emitting object, which has been used for a long time in all systems of electronic intelligence. It’s just that the complex is assembled on a new elemental base, and it has increased sensitivity and power of a computer for simultaneously processing a larger number of signals from many objects.

    As far as I remember, Kolchuga’s uniqueness lies in the fact that it determines aircraft by the radiation of not only the radar of the aircraft (the radar can be turned off), but also by the electromagnetic radiation of any electronic equipment that you certainly can’t turn it off.


    In this case, radiation from radar and airborne radio communications is implied. For secrecy of use, aviation strike groups mainly go in radio silence mode, receiving target designations from AWACS and communication means work only at reception. In this case, Mail and similar systems will not detect them.
    Over-the-horizon detection of radiation from objects will be possible only if the adversary uses means of communication of the meter range (very rarely with decimeter) and then only during tropospheric anomalies allowing long-distance radio communication by the reflected signal from the upper atmosphere. When using high-frequency radio communications and modern radars, the detection range will be determined by the limits of the radio horizon to the target. For example, emitting radar radar Avax or fighter traveling at an altitude of about 10 km, Mail can detect at a distance of about 400 km. Global Hawk radar radiation from an altitude of about 20 km will be detected over 580 km.
    1. +2
      April 21 2012 05: 17
      FROST And where did you see that Mail-M determines the distance to the target? If there is an answer, I would like to hear where the information is processed, because to determine the range (speed), several stations need to work together, who organizes it in Kolchug-M?
  17. FROST
    +1
    April 21 2012 09: 31
    And where did you see that Mail-M determines the distance to the target? If there is an answer, I would like to hear where the information is processed, because to determine the range (speed), several stations need to work together, who organizes it in Kolchug-M?


    Of course, the complex consists of several similar machines dispersed from each other. (All radio intelligence systems are arranged this way) Approximate coordinates (bearing and range) are determined by the standard triangulation method.
  18. +2
    April 21 2012 11: 22
    FROST I would like to hear from you whether the triangulation method is implemented in Chain Mail or not. I already told you that I have never seen information about determining the range of this station, and the implementation of triangulation requires certain investments, and implementation, respectively. And I know the theory of triangulation without you ........
    1. FROST
      -1
      April 21 2012 21: 07
      If the Apache after shooting the javelins at the shilka turns into a worthless rattle, then mi28, under the cover of armor, begins the direct destruction of the enemy’s manpower on the battlefield.


      Well what are you writing nonsense, a complex of electronic intelligence determining only bearing on a target would have no practical combat value at all. They don’t do that in principle. In a coordinate system, a bearing is only one coordinate. In the description of Chain Mail it is clearly written that it determines the coordinates. Positioning by itself implies the availability of information about the distance to the radiation source.
      1. FROST
        0
        April 22 2012 21: 50
        I made a mistake with a quote. The previous post was a response to

        FROST I wanted to hear from you whether the method of triangulation in Chainmail is implemented or not. I already told you that I have never seen information about determining the range of this station, and the implementation of triangulation requires certain investments, and implementation, respectively. And I know the theory of triangulation without you ........
  19. evolus
    0
    April 28 2012 16: 00
    Something intelligence in the Russian Federation does not work well, why is VEGA behind in efficiency?
    1. 0
      9 June 2012 17: 30
      And who said he was lagging behind? The German "mouse" had 200 mm armor. But this does not mean that the IS-2 and IS-3 were worse. Everything is relative and depends on what and how to use.
  20. 0
    12 July 2012 15: 31
    People, normal low-base [direction finding system. In addition, it is designed to work in systems such as "Maneuver" and "Etalon" created in the 70s and 80s and died even earlier. In conditions of intense interference, the thing is irreplaceable for determining the coordinates of interference carriers. It was not for nothing that at one time such a fuss was raised because of her when they began to drive the Kolchuga for export. Compared to the previous wide-base triangulation system, a sharp leap forward. It's a pity that the leap was not made at the right time and this system, as well as many others, did not manage to jump to the domestic customer.
  21. +1
    13 July 2012 02: 13
    By the way, Ukrainians began to use similar technologies (naturally more primitive) back in the 70 years on their mobile radar altimeters PRV 17 for suppression. compensation of interference received at the side lobes of the antenna, which made PRV17 a good tool for that time to detect small air targets in conditions of active interference. Very serious research in the field of low-base passive radar / direction finding systems was carried out, for example, in the MVIZRU (Minsk). The union was one.
  22. 0
    18 December 2015 09: 52
    There are big doubts that this RTR can see ground targets at a distance of 600 km! As any RTR station needs direct visibility or the radio horizon rule. Here Polish RTR Gunica - air targets 450 km, ground-35 km, Czech VERA-E air 450 km, ground 40 km Israeli RTR GES-210 450/40 km. Therefore, Kalchuga 600 km for ground targets, rather a mistake
    1. 0
      1 November 2017 00: 19
      It all depends on the range. Shortwave communication stations can be heard very far through the troposphere. True, the accuracy of determining their coordinates at long ranges is quite approximate.
  23. 0
    9 October 2019 05: 23
    I don’t understand how she determines the range of the target. On active radars, the Doppler effect is used - a shift in the frequency of the reflected signal by an amount proportional to the speed of the object. This stupidly receives a signal from an aircraft radar, and then what?