Onshore Mobile Artillery Complex A-222 "Bereg"
The coastal defense system "Bereg" is designed to destroy surface ships of small and medium displacement with speed characteristics up to one hundred knots, with a detection radius of up to 35 kilometers and a range of up to 22 kilometers. It is also possible to use this artillery system for the destruction of ground objects. The advantages of the artillery system are large caliber, high versatility, both in terms of targets and in the ammunition used, the choice of operating mode, high overall rate of fire. Art systems with similar characteristics no one else in the world produced.
In the Soviet Union, in addition to missile anti-ship complexes, artillery complexes were used to protect the coast. Like the SCRC, the art complexes were mobile and stationary. The 130 mm SM-4 mobile complex, by the end of 70, was morally obsolete — low mobility characteristics and outdated control equipment made it unsuitable for modern defense tasks of the Soviet coast. In 1976, work begins on the creation of the newest 130 mm mobile complex A-222 called “Bereg”. The main developer of the central design office "Titan", the manufacturer of software "Barricades". The artillery part of the AK-130 aka ZIF-94 was taken as the base of the artillery unit of the new complex, and some elements from the 152 mm howitzer of the self-propelled type 2С-19 Msta were used - in particular, they used the elements of the swinging part. The trunk of the new mobile art complex received an increased muzzle brake and an ejector located in the center of the barrel. The fire rate of the A-222 “Bereg” gun has fallen compared to the AK-130 stationary analogue vehicle almost 4 times.
By 1980, the technical design of the new self-propelled coastal 130 mm complex A-222 "Coast" was completely ready. It is transferred to the main project producer of the Central Design Bureau “Titan” - the production association “Barricades”. But the project did not immediately go into production - the workload of the enterprise affected by the production of missile systems affected. The first prototype 130 mm artillery complex was created in 1988. Until 1992, the A-222 Shore was tested at the Feodosia training ground. At state tests, the self-propelled artillery complex showed itself in its own glory - the established target was destroyed in front of the military representatives. The public saw the A-222 Shore at the 1993 Abu Dhabi Military Technology Salon. 1996 year. MAK A-222 "Coast" is taken into service by the Russian Navy. 2003 year. IAC A-222 demonstrate the head of the military department of Russia S. Ivanov. A month later, the first production copy of the A-222 “Shore” is part of the fortieth BRAP, which is part of the Black Sea fleet and located near Novorossiysk.
The composition of the MAC "Bereg":
- 4-6 self-propelled gun mounts with a caliber 130-mm;
- Mobile CPU with SU MP-195;
- 1-2 machine OBD.
The whole complex has as a base MAZ-543M with the formula wheel 8х8.
Self-propelled artillery unit MAC A-222
The ACS is provided with an 130 mm caliber gun, which is mounted on a rotating-type rotary device in the form of a roller special bearing. An electromechanical system is used for pointing the instrument with the following pointing modes:
- automatic mode - occurs on incoming digital codes from the central post;
- semi-automatic mode - carried out by the gunner with the help of sighting equipment ACS;
The semi-automatic mode is used in case of breakage of communication with the central post and OBD machines. The autonomy of each ACS MAC "Bereg" significantly increases the overall survivability of the complex. In the SAU tower, spaces for the crew are equipped: loaders, gunner and commander 4-x. The commanding position is provided by the control unit of all internal and external ACS systems and a full range of instruments for guidance, surveillance, firing, communications and life support of the ACS. The gunner’s site is provided with surveillance, guidance, communications and lighting control devices. Two workplaces of loaders are located near the supply trays along the gun barrel. The other two loader jobs are located near the ammunition and ammunition loading device. Also in the tower are 2 stacking for 40 unitary type ammunition. The inner part of the tower has a synthetic coating - to absorb external sound effects and heat. Almost all the mechanisms in the tower ACS are sealed. To reduce the gas content inside the tower, a fan is used, the air intake for which is carried out through a pipe on the roof.
Before the start of firing, the SAU will level out the 4 jacks, which provide the chassis with the necessary rigidity for combat use. Movement during firing is possible - it will be taken into account by the system of introduced amendments, which includes an optical viewfinder and roll sensors. A power compartment was installed on the chassis, near the mobile tower, which provides the drive for the amplifiers to provide guidance, there is also a generator for the operation of jacks, batteries, power supply systems, firing control and guidance.
CP IAC "Coast"
The central station includes: a fire control system BR-136 with optical-electronic and radar channels for detecting and maintaining detected targets, and equipment for communication and life support. The installed fire control system provides a predetermined or circular view of the coastal situation at any time, day and night. The LMS can detect and maintain objects with active or passive counteraction. OWC features:
- support to 4 goals;
- ensuring the firing of any SPG on 2-m objects, both at sea and on land.
After firing at one of the targets, the BR-136 fire control system can instantly organize firing at the next accompanied object. The BR-136 calculates the guidance parameters of all ACSs based on the motion parameters of the detected objects using the center pickup mode, the correction system and the estimated distance of the ACS from the central post. All calculations are done automatically, as is the correction of shooting. The control system of the MAC “Bereg” provides for the firing of self-propelled guns with single shots and with a queue from 4 to 12 HR / min. The commander observes the combat situation on the azimuth-range indicator, or receives the necessary information from observation points, or from a corrective helicopter. Documentation of firing is carried out in automatic mode, the results of the shooting can be obtained using digital printing devices.
The central post itself is divided into 5 compartments:
- engine compartment, where the diesel-electric emergency power unit and converter are located to provide power to the BR-136;
- antenna post (compartment), where the receiving and transmitting equipment of the SLA is located;
- high-frequency compartment, which has a special shielding from microwave radiation, and where the devices operating on the microwave;
- a radio operator compartment, where information processing devices and places for a radio telegrapher and an electrician-driver were located. The place of the wireless telegraph operator is equipped with a radio station, communication devices, a fan and a heater. The place of the electrician-driver is equipped with a control panel for a diesel generator, electricity, life support system;
- camera compartment, in which the commander's places are equipped with all of the art complex, central post commander, foreman, electrician and radiometrist. The place of Commander A-222 "Coast" is equipped with navigation, alarm, communication and surveillance equipment. Nearby are folding-type tables for working with topographic maps, an emergency fire control device. The place of the commander of the central post is equipped with communications and fire control devices. Approximately also equipped with a place foremen. The places of the electrician and radiometrist are equipped with devices for tracking the detected targets, observation and communication.
Installing the central post on the ground is fixed by special jacks to ensure the horizontal plane of rotation of the antenna. Jacks have both electromechanical and manual control. In addition, in the bow above the cabin, 2 air conditioners are installed, for ventilation of equipment and for life support of the CPU.
Machine Provision MAC "Bereg"
The combat duty support vehicle consists of:
- removable power supply unit. It has two diesel-electric stations with insulated neutral, to supply power to the central post;
- fuel tanks for diesel engines with the calculation of continuous work during the week;
- 2-x and 4-x local coupe for recreation;
- 4-x local dining;
- kitchens with food for a week;
- 7.62 turret machine gun mount mm caliber on the roof;
- special equipment for signaling radiation-chemical contamination;
- navigation equipment to reach a given point;
- lockers for storage of various property of personnel.
The need for MAC A-222 "Beach"
Coastal complexes with cruise missiles will not replace coastal artillery complexes. The main reason - the dead zones in the BRK. This is the distance from a couple of kilometers to a couple of tens of kilometers of the non-affected area. In addition, cruise missiles, unlike artillery shells, are dependent on the enemy’s opposition — interference and air defense of surface ships. In addition, it makes no sense to use the CD for small boats if the cost of the CD is equal to the cost of several such vessels. Now many small countries are arming small boats, which then make up the military potential of the naval forces of a given state.
As an addition to anti-ship systems, artillery self-propelled systems should be a priority in strengthening Russian coastal defense. Now this direction is almost bare. The debate about which caliber the MAKs should have still not subsided. The main advantage of a caliber of 152 mm or more is the ability to use guided missiles and tactical nuclear munitions. The main advantage of the caliber 130 mm high rate of fire. Among other things, to increase the survivability of the coastal artillery complex, it is proposed to transfer it to tank chassis. A-222 “Shore” has bullet-proof armor and a wheeled chassis, and could have a tank chassis and armor from the impact of 127 mm of enemy naval ammunition, but this will increase the weight of the vehicles and their scope.
Key Features:
- barrel length 54 caliber;
- angles of vertical guidance from 5 to 50 degrees;
- horizontal guidance angles 120 degrees;
- travel speed up to 60 km / h;
- transfer to the combat position up to 20 minutes;
- the overall rate of fire 72 vyst / min;
- range 850 kilometers;
- the allowable distance of ACS from the CPU is no more than one kilometer;
- the weight of each unit of the complex from 43 to 44 tons;
- dimensions of ACS 13 / 3.1 / 3.9 meter;
- dimensions of the CPU 15 / 3.2 / 4.4 meter;
- dimensions MOBD 15.9 / 3.2 / 4.4 meter;
- crew of ACS / CPU / MOBD - 8 / 7 / 4 person.
Information sources:
http://xn----7sbb5ahj4aiadq2m.xn--p1ai/guide/army/ar/a222.shtml
http://armor.kiev.ua/Tanks/Modern/bereg/bereg_3.php
http://www.arms-expo.ru/049051124050055048056054.html
http://rnns.ru/14910-udarnaja-sila-artillerijjskijj-specnaz-mak-bereg.html
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jynqlDOXv4Y
In the Soviet Union, in addition to missile anti-ship complexes, artillery complexes were used to protect the coast. Like the SCRC, the art complexes were mobile and stationary. The 130 mm SM-4 mobile complex, by the end of 70, was morally obsolete — low mobility characteristics and outdated control equipment made it unsuitable for modern defense tasks of the Soviet coast. In 1976, work begins on the creation of the newest 130 mm mobile complex A-222 called “Bereg”. The main developer of the central design office "Titan", the manufacturer of software "Barricades". The artillery part of the AK-130 aka ZIF-94 was taken as the base of the artillery unit of the new complex, and some elements from the 152 mm howitzer of the self-propelled type 2С-19 Msta were used - in particular, they used the elements of the swinging part. The trunk of the new mobile art complex received an increased muzzle brake and an ejector located in the center of the barrel. The fire rate of the A-222 “Bereg” gun has fallen compared to the AK-130 stationary analogue vehicle almost 4 times.
By 1980, the technical design of the new self-propelled coastal 130 mm complex A-222 "Coast" was completely ready. It is transferred to the main project producer of the Central Design Bureau “Titan” - the production association “Barricades”. But the project did not immediately go into production - the workload of the enterprise affected by the production of missile systems affected. The first prototype 130 mm artillery complex was created in 1988. Until 1992, the A-222 Shore was tested at the Feodosia training ground. At state tests, the self-propelled artillery complex showed itself in its own glory - the established target was destroyed in front of the military representatives. The public saw the A-222 Shore at the 1993 Abu Dhabi Military Technology Salon. 1996 year. MAK A-222 "Coast" is taken into service by the Russian Navy. 2003 year. IAC A-222 demonstrate the head of the military department of Russia S. Ivanov. A month later, the first production copy of the A-222 “Shore” is part of the fortieth BRAP, which is part of the Black Sea fleet and located near Novorossiysk.
The composition of the MAC "Bereg":
- 4-6 self-propelled gun mounts with a caliber 130-mm;
- Mobile CPU with SU MP-195;
- 1-2 machine OBD.
The whole complex has as a base MAZ-543M with the formula wheel 8х8.
Self-propelled artillery unit MAC A-222
The ACS is provided with an 130 mm caliber gun, which is mounted on a rotating-type rotary device in the form of a roller special bearing. An electromechanical system is used for pointing the instrument with the following pointing modes:
- automatic mode - occurs on incoming digital codes from the central post;
- semi-automatic mode - carried out by the gunner with the help of sighting equipment ACS;
The semi-automatic mode is used in case of breakage of communication with the central post and OBD machines. The autonomy of each ACS MAC "Bereg" significantly increases the overall survivability of the complex. In the SAU tower, spaces for the crew are equipped: loaders, gunner and commander 4-x. The commanding position is provided by the control unit of all internal and external ACS systems and a full range of instruments for guidance, surveillance, firing, communications and life support of the ACS. The gunner’s site is provided with surveillance, guidance, communications and lighting control devices. Two workplaces of loaders are located near the supply trays along the gun barrel. The other two loader jobs are located near the ammunition and ammunition loading device. Also in the tower are 2 stacking for 40 unitary type ammunition. The inner part of the tower has a synthetic coating - to absorb external sound effects and heat. Almost all the mechanisms in the tower ACS are sealed. To reduce the gas content inside the tower, a fan is used, the air intake for which is carried out through a pipe on the roof.
Before the start of firing, the SAU will level out the 4 jacks, which provide the chassis with the necessary rigidity for combat use. Movement during firing is possible - it will be taken into account by the system of introduced amendments, which includes an optical viewfinder and roll sensors. A power compartment was installed on the chassis, near the mobile tower, which provides the drive for the amplifiers to provide guidance, there is also a generator for the operation of jacks, batteries, power supply systems, firing control and guidance.
CP IAC "Coast"
The central station includes: a fire control system BR-136 with optical-electronic and radar channels for detecting and maintaining detected targets, and equipment for communication and life support. The installed fire control system provides a predetermined or circular view of the coastal situation at any time, day and night. The LMS can detect and maintain objects with active or passive counteraction. OWC features:
- support to 4 goals;
- ensuring the firing of any SPG on 2-m objects, both at sea and on land.
After firing at one of the targets, the BR-136 fire control system can instantly organize firing at the next accompanied object. The BR-136 calculates the guidance parameters of all ACSs based on the motion parameters of the detected objects using the center pickup mode, the correction system and the estimated distance of the ACS from the central post. All calculations are done automatically, as is the correction of shooting. The control system of the MAC “Bereg” provides for the firing of self-propelled guns with single shots and with a queue from 4 to 12 HR / min. The commander observes the combat situation on the azimuth-range indicator, or receives the necessary information from observation points, or from a corrective helicopter. Documentation of firing is carried out in automatic mode, the results of the shooting can be obtained using digital printing devices.
The central post itself is divided into 5 compartments:
- engine compartment, where the diesel-electric emergency power unit and converter are located to provide power to the BR-136;
- antenna post (compartment), where the receiving and transmitting equipment of the SLA is located;
- high-frequency compartment, which has a special shielding from microwave radiation, and where the devices operating on the microwave;
- a radio operator compartment, where information processing devices and places for a radio telegrapher and an electrician-driver were located. The place of the wireless telegraph operator is equipped with a radio station, communication devices, a fan and a heater. The place of the electrician-driver is equipped with a control panel for a diesel generator, electricity, life support system;
- camera compartment, in which the commander's places are equipped with all of the art complex, central post commander, foreman, electrician and radiometrist. The place of Commander A-222 "Coast" is equipped with navigation, alarm, communication and surveillance equipment. Nearby are folding-type tables for working with topographic maps, an emergency fire control device. The place of the commander of the central post is equipped with communications and fire control devices. Approximately also equipped with a place foremen. The places of the electrician and radiometrist are equipped with devices for tracking the detected targets, observation and communication.
Installing the central post on the ground is fixed by special jacks to ensure the horizontal plane of rotation of the antenna. Jacks have both electromechanical and manual control. In addition, in the bow above the cabin, 2 air conditioners are installed, for ventilation of equipment and for life support of the CPU.
Machine Provision MAC "Bereg"
The combat duty support vehicle consists of:
- removable power supply unit. It has two diesel-electric stations with insulated neutral, to supply power to the central post;
- fuel tanks for diesel engines with the calculation of continuous work during the week;
- 2-x and 4-x local coupe for recreation;
- 4-x local dining;
- kitchens with food for a week;
- 7.62 turret machine gun mount mm caliber on the roof;
- special equipment for signaling radiation-chemical contamination;
- navigation equipment to reach a given point;
- lockers for storage of various property of personnel.
The need for MAC A-222 "Beach"
Coastal complexes with cruise missiles will not replace coastal artillery complexes. The main reason - the dead zones in the BRK. This is the distance from a couple of kilometers to a couple of tens of kilometers of the non-affected area. In addition, cruise missiles, unlike artillery shells, are dependent on the enemy’s opposition — interference and air defense of surface ships. In addition, it makes no sense to use the CD for small boats if the cost of the CD is equal to the cost of several such vessels. Now many small countries are arming small boats, which then make up the military potential of the naval forces of a given state.
As an addition to anti-ship systems, artillery self-propelled systems should be a priority in strengthening Russian coastal defense. Now this direction is almost bare. The debate about which caliber the MAKs should have still not subsided. The main advantage of a caliber of 152 mm or more is the ability to use guided missiles and tactical nuclear munitions. The main advantage of the caliber 130 mm high rate of fire. Among other things, to increase the survivability of the coastal artillery complex, it is proposed to transfer it to tank chassis. A-222 “Shore” has bullet-proof armor and a wheeled chassis, and could have a tank chassis and armor from the impact of 127 mm of enemy naval ammunition, but this will increase the weight of the vehicles and their scope.
Key Features:
- barrel length 54 caliber;
- angles of vertical guidance from 5 to 50 degrees;
- horizontal guidance angles 120 degrees;
- travel speed up to 60 km / h;
- transfer to the combat position up to 20 minutes;
- the overall rate of fire 72 vyst / min;
- range 850 kilometers;
- the allowable distance of ACS from the CPU is no more than one kilometer;
- the weight of each unit of the complex from 43 to 44 tons;
- dimensions of ACS 13 / 3.1 / 3.9 meter;
- dimensions of the CPU 15 / 3.2 / 4.4 meter;
- dimensions MOBD 15.9 / 3.2 / 4.4 meter;
- crew of ACS / CPU / MOBD - 8 / 7 / 4 person.
Information sources:
http://xn----7sbb5ahj4aiadq2m.xn--p1ai/guide/army/ar/a222.shtml
http://armor.kiev.ua/Tanks/Modern/bereg/bereg_3.php
http://www.arms-expo.ru/049051124050055048056054.html
http://rnns.ru/14910-udarnaja-sila-artillerijjskijj-specnaz-mak-bereg.html
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jynqlDOXv4Y
Information