How to put the question of territorial defense in Russia?
How long a state exists, so much is the question of the defense of border areas. What kind of solutions to this question was not offered! From military settlements to the Cossack villages. From the equipped lines of defense to the framed parts of the army. The problem was, is and will be. And this applies not only to Russia, all these problems are valid for any state whose territory is larger than the territory of the average Russian region.
An exception to the general rule, we did not. There is a state. There are boundaries. And that means there is a problem. Regions where there are no border areas cope well with the mobilization plan. "Guerrillas" obediently go "to fees" in military units. Regularly drink vodka. Sometimes they are engaged in combat training or driving combat vehicles. What to take with them ... Guerrillas.
For several years now, our Ministry of Defense has been trying to form parts of territorial defense. And so it happened. In Sevastopol formed 47 division THEN! Make no mistake, 47-i is just a name. In fact, the first division. And the only one. The division was created in the Crimea and includes the Crimean "partisans" and quite a few "aliens". In theory, in a perilous period, all these "partisans" will unite to defend the borders.
Of course, no one will chase the division to the front. Their task is to protect the objects of the Crimea. Security and defense. Therefore, small weapon and mortars - that's the whole set of weapons. If necessary, reservists will participate in antiterrorist operations and disaster management. Immediately I recall the famous American film "Rambo". The essence of territorial defense is shown there. "National Guard", if in American. "
It is clear that some of the readers are now sadly sigh. Why again plant a garden when there was a fully operational mobilization system in the USSR. "Guerrillas" poured into existing parts and connections. These units were deployed to wartime states. And then they performed the tasks exactly the same.
Remember the liquidators of the Chernobyl accident. Remember the first three or four months of the Afghan war. Soldiers, sergeants and officers summoned from the reserve fulfilled the task with honor, sometimes at the cost of their lives. I recall the driver's grandfather from one of the districts of the Surkhandarya region of the UzSSR. He famously twisted the steering wheel almost newcomer ZIL-131. And I always answered the question about Afghanistan: “I have been there for three months. Immediately after 63 turned year.” It turned out that, besides the people, the military registration and enlistment offices also called for equipment. Naturally, the ZIL-131 fell under the appeal. New, about which this grandfather dreamed of years. So it hit the first wave of the Soviet troops on the new ZiL. And he returned to it.
If we take the Soviet system as a basis, then we lose one of the main functions of territorial defense. Security! Any military unit at the time of the special period has certain tasks. And these tasks are not always performed in the region of residence. Moreover, often parts go to areas of concentration.
A modern city is a concentration of many hazardous objects and industries. Water supply systems, warehouses, cold storage facilities, gas stations, gas supply systems. The list is endless. But all these objects are the desired goal of saboteurs and their accomplices. To deprive the modern metropolis of electricity will mean an almost complete collapse. I remember the old story in Moscow. When the electricity suddenly turned off in the eastern and south-eastern regions. Moscow got up. I'm not talking about residential buildings, enterprises, hospitals. It was enough that the traffic lights stopped working. Transport does not work. The main Moscow transport artery - the metro does not work. No connection. Phones do not work. None Collapse.
The need for such units is obvious. But how to achieve this?
For the third year in the course of various exercises, we see attempts to quickly form such parts. In the year 2014 even happened. Then, during the command and staff exercises "Vostok-2014" in the Khabarovsk Territory, a battalion of 350 people was deployed. And even relocated it to Kamchatka.
And the very next year, at the command-staff exercises Center-2015 in the Samara region, there was an attempt to form a TO division. True loud name hid in itself only fifteen hundred personnel. But really came to the place of service a little more than 600.
By the way, these teachings revealed another problem. As it turned out, the “defencists” had completely forgotten how to settle down on their own. Without the help of regular army servicemen, they failed to do this.
Is it possible today to create complete parts of MOT in the shortest period? How to make people abandon the acquired benefits of civilization for some time of their own will? After all, maintenance requires not only soldiers, but also officers. And for the most part these are people occupying certain positions, responsible for certain areas of work, and quite well-to-do.
Or not fully secured, but, nevertheless, caring for their income. And, by the way, the employer today will also have to ask if he agrees that his employee be a member of the TO department.
I apologize, but the realities of today are such that in order to pass a session in the correspondence course, people often have to either take time off, or write without content. With the rarest exception, the problems of advanced training and education are problems and hemorrhoids exclusively by the employee. The employer does not care about this twice.
Practice shows by analogy that, apart from the soldiers and officers of the MOT, this should be no less interested in them and those on whom the material well-being of these fighters depends. And here problems of the state plan are possible.
In Soviet times, we used the old army principle: “If you can’t, we can teach, if you don’t want, we make.” A good, powerful word is a must! And those who did not understand this, got acquainted with the nearest prosecutor's office. But at the time it was permissible. Mobilization resource was sufficient. What can not be said about the present time.
If we declare capitalism, then the approach to the formation of territorial defense should be the same. The soldier and officer of these forces should have significant benefits! And material, and for the future.
And here immediately problems are drawn that can hardly be circumvented.
Since the charges in such units must be held annually, it is necessary to officially establish the payment of these charges. Not some mythical "average salaries in the region" or "daily wages", but specific amounts. Such that the "partisan" ceased to feel like a partisan. And I felt a soldier and an officer of the real part.
But nobody will cancel the problem of high-quality personnel selection. A good specialist, normally arranged on site, is unlikely to risk his place in favor of these fees. Here even we are talking not about the specialist, but about his employer.
Who, tell me, in the world of our capitalist relations, will you like the prospect of a monthly absence of a key specialist? Excuse me, the monthly vacation in our time is rare, employers prefer to give out in chunks.
How to solve the problem is not yet clear.
Further, in parts of TO, it is necessary to move away from the military system of the all-on-one ULA. For the regular army, it is necessary. But for territories it is harmful. The head of the security service of a large enterprise, having an army, received an 20 years ago XYL shooter, is much more competent than a sergeant with YNS squad leader of the same "release".
Moreover, today it is extremely rare to meet a person who works in an area that at least somewhat resembles his military service. It is necessary to appoint officers in accordance with the position that he occupies in the "citizen". Specialists who do not have an officer’s rank can be skipped through courses for junior lieutenants. Unless of course there is a basic higher or secondary special education.
Understanding that the difference in incomes today is quite substantial, which means that it is impossible to fully compensate for the losses of the “territory” on a mandatory basis, it is necessary to introduce benefits in the pension system. Let a year or two, five. But the retirement age for such soldiers should be lowered. Again, subject to being in the service for a specific period. Let it be 15-20 years.
Today in the documents of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation a new abbreviation appeared - OR. Organizational reserve. That is, those soldiers and officers of the reserve, which, when announcing mobilization, will be the backbone of the unit, unit. These soldiers clearly know not only their units or subunits, but also undergo regular coordination, they know their commanders and chiefs, subordinates.
Such an experiment has already begun last year. The "reserve" sign a special contract with the Ministry of Defense, according to which they periodically undergo training in a military unit, mastering new equipment, new types of weapons. But not for free. The Ministry of Defense pays monthly to such fighters from 5 to 8 thousands of rubles. Regardless of where the fighter is located. In the army tent or at home on the couch watching hockey.
Moreover, a whole management system has been developed for such a reserve. But to speak today about its implementation is early. The reason is commonplace. Lack of funding. Simply put, there is no money and will not be in the near future. Hence, it is still necessary to proceed from the existing possibilities. Those about whom I wrote above.
And the last point that I would like to draw the attention of readers. From whom to complete parts MOT? Who can enter the organizational core?
Today, there are quite a lot of young reserve officers from among graduates of higher educational institutions and higher educational institutions, which are quite suitable for serving in technical careers due to their state of health and moral character. In addition, military units are annually transferred to the reserve a lot of fully trained soldiers and sergeants. Here is the environment from which you can recruit more than one division. In any region of Russia.
It is necessary to work with these people. Recruitment offices should actively recruit them to the service. Offer contracts. Let not long. Three to five years. But this will be enough for the "promotion" of the proposed territorial defense system of the Defense Ministry.
Honestly, I have huge doubts about the credibility of the victorious reports on the creation of an 47 TO division. Even the patriotism that goes off the peninsula cannot meet the needs of such a division. Connection, even THAT, requires a huge structure to ensure its activities. As I understand it, this is a pilot project. The sample, which will "run in" offers and innovations.
However, to create this division, we had to recruit personnel in the Voronezh, Rostov regions and Krasnodar Krai. And at the first collection of the division, the personnel from these areas were decreasing on airplanes. Luxurious in terms of costs, but apparently there was no other option.
Crimean Crimeanism is great, but the level of training in the Armed Forces of Ukraine is very different from the level of training of the RF Armed Forces. I had to “fiddle” with more or less trained personnel.
In order to provide defense activities during the war period, a million of territorial defense soldiers are enough for a million-plus megalopolis 15-25. Thus, approximately 100-150 thousand are in the county. Not so huge numbers. And for the whole of Russia and generally miserable - from 400 to 600 thousands of people. Approximately as necessary and sufficient number of experts. But in monetary terms, the minimum amount does not look so optimistic. The amount is displayed with a dozen zeros ...
By itself, the idea of creating troops of territorial defense seems to be useful. In case of real hostilities and possible sabotage. However, questions of recruitment, organization, procurement, device and financing call this idea into question.
Yes, the headquarters of the TO troops have already been created. The commanding generals are already sitting in their places with all the ensuing consequences. There is information that there is already a plan for the creation and development of service units, and even the commanders of these units have been appointed. Things are easy: to recruit personnel, to provide weapons and equipment and start the very thing for which everything was started. That is, the training of personnel.
However, there are certain doubts about the results of this experiment.
It seems that territorial defense units are necessary. It is for the protection and defense of important facilities in conditions when units of the regular army will be engaged in their direct business. But important objects and so are protected, even in peacetime. Gain? Good. Accept. Even leaving behind the scenes that "if anything happens," territorials will have to deal with a specially trained and trained opponent.
But in any case, the functioning of such units does not end with the appointment of a commander. There should be a staff responsible for weapons, ammunition, equipment, food, medicine and so on. That is, again, an increase in states that will require something? That's right, salary. And everything else that is associated with "the burden and deprivation of military service."
It is somehow doubtful that the 11 months in the year will be part closed, and only for the time of fees open arms for reservists. So, we need warehousing services, the financial part, the protection of all property, and so on.
The question arises: where does the money come from?
And it arises not from scratch, but solely from observations of price changes in the country as a whole and of individual regions in particular. And the changes are not downward. Plus, all the latest statements from the government about the crisis, the budget deficit, the requirements for increasing taxes and other pleasures.
In short, there is no money, but you hold on there.
We hold on there. There is no question. Questions only in the direction of "how long." And in this perspective, having fun with Rosgvardia looks a bit weird. Nobody sounded what numbers it would cost us. And it will cost us. But - hold on.
Policemen and others from the Ministry of Internal Affairs 160 thousands were removed, transferred to other places, apparently changed into different uniforms. Okay, hold on. It is necessary - it means it is necessary.
Now the MGB will be made from everyone in a row - FSB, FSO, FSKN and others. Probably useful too. The KGB somehow coped in the good old days. We are not discussing it either.
Territorial defense. And also, it seems, the thing is not harmful at least. Neighbors, even from our allies, this problem is no longer solved for years, decades ...
But the feeling is a bit strange. Either we are seriously planning to fight with someone, or just the money has nowhere to go.
An exception to the general rule, we did not. There is a state. There are boundaries. And that means there is a problem. Regions where there are no border areas cope well with the mobilization plan. "Guerrillas" obediently go "to fees" in military units. Regularly drink vodka. Sometimes they are engaged in combat training or driving combat vehicles. What to take with them ... Guerrillas.
For several years now, our Ministry of Defense has been trying to form parts of territorial defense. And so it happened. In Sevastopol formed 47 division THEN! Make no mistake, 47-i is just a name. In fact, the first division. And the only one. The division was created in the Crimea and includes the Crimean "partisans" and quite a few "aliens". In theory, in a perilous period, all these "partisans" will unite to defend the borders.
Of course, no one will chase the division to the front. Their task is to protect the objects of the Crimea. Security and defense. Therefore, small weapon and mortars - that's the whole set of weapons. If necessary, reservists will participate in antiterrorist operations and disaster management. Immediately I recall the famous American film "Rambo". The essence of territorial defense is shown there. "National Guard", if in American. "
It is clear that some of the readers are now sadly sigh. Why again plant a garden when there was a fully operational mobilization system in the USSR. "Guerrillas" poured into existing parts and connections. These units were deployed to wartime states. And then they performed the tasks exactly the same.
Remember the liquidators of the Chernobyl accident. Remember the first three or four months of the Afghan war. Soldiers, sergeants and officers summoned from the reserve fulfilled the task with honor, sometimes at the cost of their lives. I recall the driver's grandfather from one of the districts of the Surkhandarya region of the UzSSR. He famously twisted the steering wheel almost newcomer ZIL-131. And I always answered the question about Afghanistan: “I have been there for three months. Immediately after 63 turned year.” It turned out that, besides the people, the military registration and enlistment offices also called for equipment. Naturally, the ZIL-131 fell under the appeal. New, about which this grandfather dreamed of years. So it hit the first wave of the Soviet troops on the new ZiL. And he returned to it.
If we take the Soviet system as a basis, then we lose one of the main functions of territorial defense. Security! Any military unit at the time of the special period has certain tasks. And these tasks are not always performed in the region of residence. Moreover, often parts go to areas of concentration.
A modern city is a concentration of many hazardous objects and industries. Water supply systems, warehouses, cold storage facilities, gas stations, gas supply systems. The list is endless. But all these objects are the desired goal of saboteurs and their accomplices. To deprive the modern metropolis of electricity will mean an almost complete collapse. I remember the old story in Moscow. When the electricity suddenly turned off in the eastern and south-eastern regions. Moscow got up. I'm not talking about residential buildings, enterprises, hospitals. It was enough that the traffic lights stopped working. Transport does not work. The main Moscow transport artery - the metro does not work. No connection. Phones do not work. None Collapse.
The need for such units is obvious. But how to achieve this?
For the third year in the course of various exercises, we see attempts to quickly form such parts. In the year 2014 even happened. Then, during the command and staff exercises "Vostok-2014" in the Khabarovsk Territory, a battalion of 350 people was deployed. And even relocated it to Kamchatka.
And the very next year, at the command-staff exercises Center-2015 in the Samara region, there was an attempt to form a TO division. True loud name hid in itself only fifteen hundred personnel. But really came to the place of service a little more than 600.
By the way, these teachings revealed another problem. As it turned out, the “defencists” had completely forgotten how to settle down on their own. Without the help of regular army servicemen, they failed to do this.
Is it possible today to create complete parts of MOT in the shortest period? How to make people abandon the acquired benefits of civilization for some time of their own will? After all, maintenance requires not only soldiers, but also officers. And for the most part these are people occupying certain positions, responsible for certain areas of work, and quite well-to-do.
Or not fully secured, but, nevertheless, caring for their income. And, by the way, the employer today will also have to ask if he agrees that his employee be a member of the TO department.
I apologize, but the realities of today are such that in order to pass a session in the correspondence course, people often have to either take time off, or write without content. With the rarest exception, the problems of advanced training and education are problems and hemorrhoids exclusively by the employee. The employer does not care about this twice.
Practice shows by analogy that, apart from the soldiers and officers of the MOT, this should be no less interested in them and those on whom the material well-being of these fighters depends. And here problems of the state plan are possible.
In Soviet times, we used the old army principle: “If you can’t, we can teach, if you don’t want, we make.” A good, powerful word is a must! And those who did not understand this, got acquainted with the nearest prosecutor's office. But at the time it was permissible. Mobilization resource was sufficient. What can not be said about the present time.
If we declare capitalism, then the approach to the formation of territorial defense should be the same. The soldier and officer of these forces should have significant benefits! And material, and for the future.
And here immediately problems are drawn that can hardly be circumvented.
Since the charges in such units must be held annually, it is necessary to officially establish the payment of these charges. Not some mythical "average salaries in the region" or "daily wages", but specific amounts. Such that the "partisan" ceased to feel like a partisan. And I felt a soldier and an officer of the real part.
But nobody will cancel the problem of high-quality personnel selection. A good specialist, normally arranged on site, is unlikely to risk his place in favor of these fees. Here even we are talking not about the specialist, but about his employer.
Who, tell me, in the world of our capitalist relations, will you like the prospect of a monthly absence of a key specialist? Excuse me, the monthly vacation in our time is rare, employers prefer to give out in chunks.
How to solve the problem is not yet clear.
Further, in parts of TO, it is necessary to move away from the military system of the all-on-one ULA. For the regular army, it is necessary. But for territories it is harmful. The head of the security service of a large enterprise, having an army, received an 20 years ago XYL shooter, is much more competent than a sergeant with YNS squad leader of the same "release".
Moreover, today it is extremely rare to meet a person who works in an area that at least somewhat resembles his military service. It is necessary to appoint officers in accordance with the position that he occupies in the "citizen". Specialists who do not have an officer’s rank can be skipped through courses for junior lieutenants. Unless of course there is a basic higher or secondary special education.
Understanding that the difference in incomes today is quite substantial, which means that it is impossible to fully compensate for the losses of the “territory” on a mandatory basis, it is necessary to introduce benefits in the pension system. Let a year or two, five. But the retirement age for such soldiers should be lowered. Again, subject to being in the service for a specific period. Let it be 15-20 years.
Today in the documents of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation a new abbreviation appeared - OR. Organizational reserve. That is, those soldiers and officers of the reserve, which, when announcing mobilization, will be the backbone of the unit, unit. These soldiers clearly know not only their units or subunits, but also undergo regular coordination, they know their commanders and chiefs, subordinates.
Such an experiment has already begun last year. The "reserve" sign a special contract with the Ministry of Defense, according to which they periodically undergo training in a military unit, mastering new equipment, new types of weapons. But not for free. The Ministry of Defense pays monthly to such fighters from 5 to 8 thousands of rubles. Regardless of where the fighter is located. In the army tent or at home on the couch watching hockey.
Moreover, a whole management system has been developed for such a reserve. But to speak today about its implementation is early. The reason is commonplace. Lack of funding. Simply put, there is no money and will not be in the near future. Hence, it is still necessary to proceed from the existing possibilities. Those about whom I wrote above.
And the last point that I would like to draw the attention of readers. From whom to complete parts MOT? Who can enter the organizational core?
Today, there are quite a lot of young reserve officers from among graduates of higher educational institutions and higher educational institutions, which are quite suitable for serving in technical careers due to their state of health and moral character. In addition, military units are annually transferred to the reserve a lot of fully trained soldiers and sergeants. Here is the environment from which you can recruit more than one division. In any region of Russia.
It is necessary to work with these people. Recruitment offices should actively recruit them to the service. Offer contracts. Let not long. Three to five years. But this will be enough for the "promotion" of the proposed territorial defense system of the Defense Ministry.
Honestly, I have huge doubts about the credibility of the victorious reports on the creation of an 47 TO division. Even the patriotism that goes off the peninsula cannot meet the needs of such a division. Connection, even THAT, requires a huge structure to ensure its activities. As I understand it, this is a pilot project. The sample, which will "run in" offers and innovations.
However, to create this division, we had to recruit personnel in the Voronezh, Rostov regions and Krasnodar Krai. And at the first collection of the division, the personnel from these areas were decreasing on airplanes. Luxurious in terms of costs, but apparently there was no other option.
Crimean Crimeanism is great, but the level of training in the Armed Forces of Ukraine is very different from the level of training of the RF Armed Forces. I had to “fiddle” with more or less trained personnel.
In order to provide defense activities during the war period, a million of territorial defense soldiers are enough for a million-plus megalopolis 15-25. Thus, approximately 100-150 thousand are in the county. Not so huge numbers. And for the whole of Russia and generally miserable - from 400 to 600 thousands of people. Approximately as necessary and sufficient number of experts. But in monetary terms, the minimum amount does not look so optimistic. The amount is displayed with a dozen zeros ...
By itself, the idea of creating troops of territorial defense seems to be useful. In case of real hostilities and possible sabotage. However, questions of recruitment, organization, procurement, device and financing call this idea into question.
Yes, the headquarters of the TO troops have already been created. The commanding generals are already sitting in their places with all the ensuing consequences. There is information that there is already a plan for the creation and development of service units, and even the commanders of these units have been appointed. Things are easy: to recruit personnel, to provide weapons and equipment and start the very thing for which everything was started. That is, the training of personnel.
However, there are certain doubts about the results of this experiment.
It seems that territorial defense units are necessary. It is for the protection and defense of important facilities in conditions when units of the regular army will be engaged in their direct business. But important objects and so are protected, even in peacetime. Gain? Good. Accept. Even leaving behind the scenes that "if anything happens," territorials will have to deal with a specially trained and trained opponent.
But in any case, the functioning of such units does not end with the appointment of a commander. There should be a staff responsible for weapons, ammunition, equipment, food, medicine and so on. That is, again, an increase in states that will require something? That's right, salary. And everything else that is associated with "the burden and deprivation of military service."
It is somehow doubtful that the 11 months in the year will be part closed, and only for the time of fees open arms for reservists. So, we need warehousing services, the financial part, the protection of all property, and so on.
The question arises: where does the money come from?
And it arises not from scratch, but solely from observations of price changes in the country as a whole and of individual regions in particular. And the changes are not downward. Plus, all the latest statements from the government about the crisis, the budget deficit, the requirements for increasing taxes and other pleasures.
In short, there is no money, but you hold on there.
We hold on there. There is no question. Questions only in the direction of "how long." And in this perspective, having fun with Rosgvardia looks a bit weird. Nobody sounded what numbers it would cost us. And it will cost us. But - hold on.
Policemen and others from the Ministry of Internal Affairs 160 thousands were removed, transferred to other places, apparently changed into different uniforms. Okay, hold on. It is necessary - it means it is necessary.
Now the MGB will be made from everyone in a row - FSB, FSO, FSKN and others. Probably useful too. The KGB somehow coped in the good old days. We are not discussing it either.
Territorial defense. And also, it seems, the thing is not harmful at least. Neighbors, even from our allies, this problem is no longer solved for years, decades ...
But the feeling is a bit strange. Either we are seriously planning to fight with someone, or just the money has nowhere to go.
Information