Under the banner of eurorepair
Military science is smashed by proponents of an accounting approach and fighters with an “outdated theory”
Objective research gives way to research on the principle of “what if you please”. Personnel hunger is exacerbated by reorganization. These trends determine the development of domestic military science.
A round table organized by the Communist Party faction "Military Science: State and Prospects" was held in the State Duma. What are the main problems? What you need to give up, what to save, what can you sacrifice? “Military Industrial Courier” gives the floor to the participants of the “round table”.
Liquidation maneuvers
The next reorganization is underway in the system of the Ministry of Defense. The idea is to join research organizations that have long existed to military universities.
I will not say who it is coming from, but there is a certain document which contains an analysis of the current state of military education and scientific activity. It says that everything is wrong with us. It is argued that at present, research organizations do not allow to fully ensure the solution of tasks in the interests of the Armed Forces. Named the main reasons for this situation. Material and physically obsolete scientific laboratory base. Low staffing of researchers. Loss of continuity, aging staff. The lack of a large part of scientific staff troop experience in the operation and use of military equipment.
In the current situation, resuscitation of existing research organizations seems to be ineffective and cost-consuming. Therefore, such a scheme is proposed. Integration of universities and research organizations. It is supposed to be carried out in several directions, taking into account the nature and specifics of educational and scientific tasks.
The first. Creation of educational and scientific complexes from the zero cycle. For example, to merge the Military Academy of the Strategic Missile Forces and the 4 Central Research Institute into an educational and scientific complex on a single site in the Odintsovo district of the Moscow region.
The second. The transfer of functions and tasks of research institutes to the profile university without creating new structural divisions, that is, joining. For example, the Military Space Academy is currently capable of solving the tasks entrusted to the SSC RKO "Moscow" and SIC VKI "Korolev". The Voronezh is transferred to the Central Research Institute of the Air Force, which is located in Schelkovo.
It is substantiated that the integration of universities and research organizations will make a decisive leap forward.
The idea is clear. If on a large scale, it is a question of liquidating actually existing scientific research institutes of the Ministry of Defense. We have already seen how this is done. The Tver Academy of Air Defense defended with difficulty. Thank God, it exists, although it was merged, broken. Unable to defend the Zhukovsky Air Force Engineering Academy. Her move, the inclusion of the superacademia in Voronezh led, in my opinion, to actual destruction, given that almost none of the faculty went there. A renovation of walls, ceilings and floors does not solve the tasks that confront a research institution.
As far as I understand, even the former head of the Ministry of Defense did not attempt on these institutions, and now there were heads who decided to start another restructuring.
The budget for the next year provides for an increase in military science spending to 17 billion. And in 2017-m - a sharp reduction to 13 billion. In my opinion, the accounting approach prevailed: let us unite, shorten, this will lead to one, another, fifth or tenth.
We must look impartially from the point of view of military experience, to which the next reform, which is started in the depths of the Ministry of Defense, can lead.
Vyacheslav Tetekin,
doctor historical Sci., Deputy of the State Duma
Spells instead of knowledge
Without serious military-scientific support, it is impossible to effectively solve the tasks of building the Armed Forces and pursuing a policy in the field of military education. But one must take into account one of the most important conditions: the results used are impartial, objective, obtained in the search for scientific truth, and not in order to make money to the boss.
In my opinion, military science as a whole in the 60 – 80-s met such requirements. Judge for yourself: during this period, the optimal strength of the USSR Armed Forces was justified, which allowed to maintain the balance of power in Europe, which was a real factor ... The basics of preparation for conducting operations were developed, their provisions were studied in practice, especially with regard to the nuclear, fire destruction of the enemy. Specified standards and methods of action of troops in various types of combat operations, in the conditions of the use of nuclear weapons. The combat regulations of the divisions and subordinate formations were developed and adopted for leadership. Published instruction on field service. The system of combat operational training of troops, which caused envy of potential opponents, was scientifically substantiated and created. The armament and military equipment samples that came into service during this period are unsurpassed to date. And an effective system of military education was created. All this made it possible for us, the population of the country, to feel protected.
Since the 90s of the last century, unfortunately, I can’t name any respectable practical manifestation of scientific thought in the development of the Russian Armed Forces. Outwardly, everything looks decent. Research organizations and institutions united in a single system survived. They still have tasks, do research, substantiation. It is only unclear whether these developments are demanded with respect for the principle of impartiality and objectivity. Or, scientists are seeking justifications for decisions already taken, which is far from the same thing. That is, now, in my opinion, the system is turned upside down. Individual decisions are made at the top, and scientific justifications are summarized under this.
So, for example, the Center for Military Strategic Studies substantiated the number of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation at one million people as sufficient for the defense of the country. At the same time, the share in this structure of the Ground Forces is just 300 thousand. But we only have a total length of 61 boundaries of a thousand kilometers, of which thousands of 22 are overland. It turns out about five - seven, even if 13 people per kilometer of the border. I recently met with an employee of this Center for Military Strategic Studies, and he is convinced that all of this actually ensures the security of the country.
They substantiated that in the European part in three strategic directions, one military district is sufficient, which has two divisions and about seven brigades, instead of the previously existing four groups of troops and seven military districts - front-line units. Now the ratio, we take roughly, is two divisions in the Moscow military district against 65 in the Soviet period. From the Kola Peninsula, where one team is located, to the Rostov region - 3000 kilometers. In this direction, the Moscow military district can cover about 70 – 80 kilometers in a single echelon formation during the period of danger. And from Smolensk and approximately to Rostov - in general a breach. And this supposedly provides sufficient defense in the most important direction. But we all understand perfectly: the West is where war traditionally came to us. And we are simply disarmed in this direction. There is no need to speak about the Eastern Military District and even about the Central, there is absolutely nothing there.
A scientific justification has been issued for the transition from divisions to brigade structures and the abolition of commands by branches of the Armed Forces, and the reduction of front-line units. But the division and the brigade are actually incomparable things. The brigade of the division is two and a half times inferior in combat power, but not only that, it does not carry ammunition, nor fuels and lubricants, nor food, nor repair forces and equipment, nor rear support. That is, she herself can jump out into the field, do something there for four, a maximum of six days and finish it all. And all refer to the hackneyed phrase: they say, increased maneuverability. But this term only means something to an illiterate layman, but in reality does not make any sense. Maneuverability - the ability of troops to move in space and occupy one or another position. With mixed manning of troops with heavy weapons and light, that is tanks, BMP, armored personnel carrier, all the same remains - either the railway, or under its own power. They are not transported on airplanes. On its own - 20-25 kilometers per hour, it will not work faster, at least kill yourself. By rail - the same 25 kilometers per hour. That is, maneuverability does not improve in any way with the transition from divisions to brigades. But we are losing combat power.
Previously, each district was deployed to a front-line unit of approximately 1,1 – 1,2 million people and had a front-line kit. What does it mean? Several rocket brigades - two, three. Several artillery brigades, including large-capacity, two, three. Several anti-aircraft missile brigades - two, three, etc. Bases: repair, rear, storage, medical. This is all called a front-mounted kit. It is intended to enhance the most important areas. Suppose an offensive operation is being conducted by a frontline unification. Where necessary, it is enhanced by these forces and means. What now? Instead of having a front-line kit in every military district, they left three in the whole country: in the west, in the center of Russia and in the Far East.
But in the west there are three or even four strategic directions. And - one set. Brigade commanders simply fool - they do not know how to prepare the troops, where they will then act. In the northwest, this is one thing, in the west, another, in the southwest, the third, and in the Caucasus, the situation is completely different. Virtually no one is preparing for hostilities.
But all this is justified, and I am inclined to believe that the existing system of scientific organizations does not have an objective voice. It adapts to those decisions that are made solely by either the Chief of General Staff, or the Minister of Defense, or, perhaps, the political leadership.
It seems to me that even a man in the street will take aback from such scientific approaches. Obviously, the one who demanded such a justification is glad to be deceived.
Another interesting point. The developers of the ideas that formed the basis of the adopted decisions act as it seems to them, as fighters against a rigid science. They believe that opponents defend outdated ideas to the detriment of the new theory. Hence the claims about the absence of an adversary (there were also such in 90-s). And still at the "round tables" we hear: "Who are you going to fight with?". Even if there is no enemy, he needs to be invented, otherwise it is impossible to train troops.
I remember that the deputy head of the Main Operational Directorate said: the times of mass armies, mass battles, and so on have passed, nothing will happen. Now there are gaps, gaps, raids, battalion tactical groups, and so on everywhere.
But look how escalation increases in a military conflict. Take the same Ukraine. The Americans have already revised their concept. Previously, they fought for contactless wars. But without the soldier Ryan, nowhere did nothing succeed. As long as the ground forces (I call them the forces of presence) did not come, it was impossible to establish any order.
But the current science repeats in unison with the leadership that there will be neither mass armies, nor a solid front. As a spell, the words “mobility”, “compactness”, “controllability” are pronounced, which fascinate, but do not bear any semantic load.
I think it’s necessary to figure out that scientific organizations are now filling the cadres, where they get military knowledge and who initially prepares them. You can learn a lot of interesting things. As with the teaching staff in military academies, because science and education are walking nearby. Recently met with the former head of the military academy. I say: "Give the characteristics of the average teacher? Who are these people? Where do they come from? ” He replies: "Mostly they are senior lieutenants, captains from positions of a platoon or company commander, less often - chiefs of battalion headquarters, units - battalions, who enroll, study for three years, graduate and remain at the academy as teachers." Theoretically, they were reasonably prepared, they were stuffed with various theories and so on, but they don’t know anything about military service, and they don’t even know what they can convey to listeners, future commanders, from personal experience. And now we will also reassign them to military research institutes together with scientific companies (we also have such a structure).
In order to substantiate the strength of the Armed Forces, the organizational states, the structure, you need to be very clear about the tasks to be performed in various types of combat situations. Like this boy, who does not know from which side to approach this problem, he can move science. Only by order. And you can justify everything. Therefore, looking ahead, I will say: an idle idea.
Now it is impossible to take an officer with combat and official experience at the academy. Why? Three years ago, I probably have been saying the same thing at various levels, that all military educational institutions that are located in Moscow need to immediately organize the construction of service housing so that officers with experience can be recruited and defined as teachers. In France, for example, it is forbidden to work in the academy for more than four years. I replied - and back to the troops. The rotation is constantly going on, the combination of theory with practice is mandatory. And here, if I went to the academy to teach, everything will be done until they endure.
The second problem is where to get these with experience. In 60 – 70's, there was an installation: to take the position of a teacher of a tactical group in academies from the position of deputy division commander. And the colonel came - 45-year-old, sophisticated, organizer of combat training and so on. The Academy of General Staff attracted no less than the first deputy army commander. A tactical group teacher teaches 10 – 15 people. Now there is no place to take a specialist. Because the government is extremely reduced. Seven armies, four combining operational-strategic. Even the post of deputy minister of defense has nowhere to get.
There is no selection. And imagine, somewhere a personnel error, someone does not pull ...
All this affects the professional level of commanders. Evidence of this is the recent tactical exercises in the Far Eastern Military District. The reports are beautiful. But the television picture is impartial, you can't invent anything there. Only two episodes show how an amphibious assault force, contrary to all elementary rules, disembarks from ships that have come up unhindered close to the shore. Imagine: the enemy in the most vulnerable place quietly unloaded. And then two helicopters fly up - they sit down in front of the defenders on the birch. This is not just ignorance - ignorance. Self-respecting enemy will never do such things, since there are certain standards, rules for the landing of amphibious assault forces.
Firstly, the ships after the sea passage occupy the internal areas of parking and maneuvering. It's over the horizon, 8-12 miles. Then they line up in their own directions, move to the outer areas of parking and maneuvering. Then the landing craft are launched. BTR, BMP afloat go to their directions. After that, under a powerful cover - the coast is processed for five days aviationotherwise, no landing will succeed - all this will be dropped. Minesweepers work at sea. On the shore to a depth of five meters should be organized mine-explosive barriers. But in order for the helicopter to land in front of the nose when a hurricane fire, all means work direct fire - this is only in the movies.
At the exercises, of course, you can make some tolerances. But I didn’t see a single engineering barrier around the defenders - no barbed wire, no mine blasting, no trenches.
That is, the paratroopers just walked. And engineering troops trained elsewhere. What does this indicate? Those who organize, plan and conduct exercises, do not understand anything.
All the world practice and experience of the Soviet Armed Forces show: construction, development is mainly concerned with and responsible for this is the species structure. If we recognize this, it means that we need to be given appropriate powers.
What is the principle here? Any governing body is considered optimal if it is engaged in the development and construction of its structure. Only the official who will subsequently be responsible, the service itself, will force an impartial approach to scientific research, to research and in conditions of a limited amount of money to choose development priorities. And some uncle will continue to perceive the weapons of the Ground Forces as a set of people, tanks, airplanes, artillery, air defense, etc., when everyone has long since moved away from this. The armament of the Ground Forces is regarded as a system, and it is strictly balanced between the means of destruction and control, reconnaissance, communications and navigation. Otherwise, what happens? For today - an overabundance of means of destruction, and behind it - the abyss. There is nothing to manage, there is nothing to reconnoiter. We shoot at 70 kilometers, we see in the exploration for three - five kilometers in the mountains, on 10 - on the plain. All tactical and combat properties and abilities of weapons are lost.
Who will prepare the justifications, proposals for the imposition of state defense orders? Of course, science must say its word, not to mention the development of models of weapons and military equipment. This has always been done by the type of troops together with industry, with general designers, with the enterprises of the military-industrial complex, then the result was obtained.
Now they have entrusted the branches of the Armed Forces with building and developing. But they can not do anything, no levers of influence. No budget, research organization, too. Some uncle from above is engaged in all the developments, proposals, imposition of the state defense order.
It turns out that one is responsible for construction and development, but has no opportunity to engage in this business. Another official prepares troops, the third one employs, and as of today there is no person in charge of the state of the Armed Forces. Put it on the commander in chief? But they are not subject to the troops. They, through the operational-strategic command, lock themselves on the General Staff and the Minister of Defense. Imagine? Four different officials share all duties and responsibilities, as in Krylov's fable. We know what comes out of it.
The General Staff must nevertheless return to the performance of its main duties, including the use of the Armed Forces. And the day-to-day leadership of the troops, including construction, development, training and responsibility, is entrusted to the types of the Armed Forces. The General Staff will not be able to grasp the immensity. But the chief of the armed services of the Armed Forces are now fading, there are no powers of authority, there is no possibility to influence the state of affairs in the troops. Degrades the entire command staff. Shoulder straps and form are there, but unfortunately they are not filled with content.
Only the enemy is known
Only the leadership of the country and the Armed Forces can assess the state of military science. From the side to do this, in my opinion, is impossible. “Everyone thinks he is a strategist, seeing the fight from the side ...” But military specialists and experts are required to know the actual (according to the available information) state of the Armed Forces in the full scope of this term, the work being done to prepare and improve them, equip them with weapons and military equipment, see results on major exercises and maneuvers.
Three years ago it was easy for us. We have seen all the ill-conceived reforms and what they lead to. And since, in our country, according to tradition, laws and rules could not have happened without scientific substantiation and accompaniment, it was clear how much intellectual potential was provided.
With the new leadership of the Armed Forces, much has changed at once, and these positive phenomena seem to be continuing. It must be assumed that everything is justified, the achievements of military science are now in demand and are being introduced into the Armed Forces: both in the field of operational art and in the creation of new types of weapons and military equipment.
The maneuvers and exercises showed positive results, though, and what we should have had, but did not receive, is also visible. In the Navy, it is most vividly, since the fleet to a greater extent solved the tasks with limited forces, tactical groups of surface ships.
For a long time we could not decide on a likely opponent. But he himself helped us. The US Secretary of Defense called the enemy of NATO, and it turned out we - our country and the Armed Forces. With good reason we can now talk about our likely adversary.
For naval fleet the situation is this. The enemy remained, and remained: in the same quantity, with the same combat capabilities (even increased), ships and means. And in our Navy, combat capabilities have decreased many times, if not tens of times. The main losses in the striking power of the fleet: in submarines (both nuclear and diesel) and naval missile-carrying aircraft. For 23 years, one multi-purpose submarine was built in Severodvinsk, and that is still incomplete.
Therefore, I see the main task of military science for the Navy in the near future — to determine, on the basis of research, the directions of programs and specific plans for the construction of ships, other forces and equipment, taking into account the capabilities of our military-industrial complex. Or maybe you need to increase these opportunities. And to achieve the adoption of such a program and the real implementation of it in order to form operational connections in a limited period of time to solve the tasks of marine operations.
It seems that diesel submarines are being built for the Black Sea Fleet in St. Petersburg, although the projects are still old. The first should arrive soon. Frigates in Kaliningrad are also being built for the Black Sea Fleet. And new strategic missile submarine cruisers may come to the Pacific Ocean.
But we need a real convincing program. If the Navy will be strengthened, then those areas of military science, which should determine tactical methods in solving operational tasks and the ability of fleets to have the forces to plan and conduct naval operations, will have their say.
In my opinion, the scientific potential for this is still in the Naval Academy, and in our universities, research institutes. It must be said directly that now the equipping of the Navy with ships and means does not allow the development of operational art.
It is impossible to theorize or fantasize. As you know, a naval scientific committee existed in the Navy, now this is only in the Ministry of Defense. There were nine research institutes, now - four. Is it correct? I will say this: it is possible to concentrate all science in four, if this is done correctly. But the fact that the commander in chief and the General Staff do not command fleets is hard to imagine. Just as in other forms of the Armed Forces. Everywhere military science is tested in practice. And the actions of the forces of the Navy make military science work further.
Personnel can come to science only after passing a certain practice of service in the relevant command and engineering positions. Therefore, it is necessary to build (and not pull with this case) a program with specific performers and reports, with responsibility for the results. Organize an assessment of achievements, stimulate people.
Valentin Selivanov,
Admiral, First Deputy Commander of the Navy, Chief of the Main Staff of the Navy
From the permutation of letters, the meaning does not change
The concept of aerospace defense adopted in 2006 year. In 2010, the president set the task to unite all forces and create a strategic command of the East Kazakhstan region. But to its implementation, we did not even come close. This happens because many managers have not yet understood the conceptual apparatus. The well-known historian and theorist Karl Clausewitz said: “The first task of any theory is to put in order vague and extremely confused concepts and ideas, and only by agreeing on names and concepts one can hope to succeed in considering questions clearly and easily.”
What can be said about aerospace defense in this connection? In the military dictionary we read: “EKR is a system of political, economic, military, military-technical, legal and other measures for the preparation and conduct of hostilities in aerospace space”. In our turn, by defense we mean a forced strike or a reflection of an enemy strike (in this case, a space strike). That is, it is about the conduct of hostilities. Accordingly, the commander, having assessed the situation in advance, having clarified the task and having worked out the plan, makes a decision on combat use.
The enemy is not on the ground, not on the water, not under the water, not somewhere else, but in the aerospace space. And then - either I will kill him, or he, along with my object. Here's how to make a decision and - more broadly - understand the essence of aerospace defense.
Further, if we talk about the aerospace defense of a country or a facility, the commander, military leader must take a series of measures to conduct combat operations. Which ones? He should know how information support, notification, warning will be organized. To do this. Who will order and provide equipment, teach it to use and prepare combat documents.
In the Armed Forces, a material basis must be created. For WKO, it is the Aerospace Defense Forces.
A genius in everything Leonardo da Vinci wrote: "Knowledge, not proven by experience, the mother of all authenticity, is fruitless and full of mistakes." For more than a decade, we are dealing with this phenomenon. Moreover, today everything should be put on a scientific basis. The institutes, the academy, the interdepartmental expert council on the problems of aerospace defense — all unanimously came out with the materials of creating a full-fledged, full-fledged aerospace defense. And suddenly, against this background, certain forces intervene and, instead of EKR, in the end, HQS are invented.
There was an air defense in the Air Force, became in VKS. The letters changed - the meaning and content remained the same and even worse, because another one was added - already the third step.
Any military formation, view, up to the platoon has its purpose. Nobody needs to clarify what, for example, the air defense of the Ground Forces. These are the forces and means that ensure the fulfillment of the combat mission by smashing the enemy’s airborne forces at the front.
And what is VKO, VKS? What is their purpose? People confuse it with tasks. Because everything is so incomprehensible. For example, the purpose of the air defense or air defense equipment is to protect the objects of the country from the impacts of an aerospace enemy. And to cover the object or prevent a strike is already a task, that is, an integral part of the mission.
An equally important issue is connected with the theater of military operations (theater of operations). Since the middle of the 80-ies in scientific conferences was born such a thing as aerospace theater of operations. During the war, theaters included an air zone. Today, the enemy dictates other conditions: hundreds of kilometers in height, thousands - in depth. Accordingly, there should be special troops, the role of aviation is not denied.
What happens to science? Initially, the Air Defense Academy was created, then a university was made, then the East Kazakhstani Academy was returned. But in the 2011 year, when the Aerospace Defense Forces are created, it collapses - it is transferred to the AF Mozhaisky Military Space Academy. This is an excellent educational institution in all respects, but it also prepares for a completely different way. How was it taught in the early years? They took teachers from our academy, they took the train and rode with all the papers. Read lectures and back. But after all, only oil is mined ...
Not the best way things are with the current Yaroslavl branch of the Military Space Academy named after A. Mozhaisky. What does the Yaroslavl School have to do with "Mozhayka"? Do not sew mare tail. They joined it only because the word “space” was there, and rocket men and locators were trained.
Anatoly Hyupenen,
Colonel-General, Doctor of Military Sciences, Professor, full member of the Academy of Military Sciences, Chairman of the Presidium of the Joint Council of the Interregional Public Organization "Union of Veterans of the Air Defense Forces", Chairman of the Military Scientific Society of the Cultural Center of the RF Armed Forces
Competent dope
What is happening now in military science, such an attitude towards it began with the appearance of young reformers, who declared that such a science does not exist. The current stage is a consequence of the destruction of the Russian Academy of Sciences, specialized institutions and the transition to a utilitarian system, which practically only indicates problems, but does not solve anything.
Here are just a few examples - fragments of what is happening now in our science as such. The Federal Agency for Scientific Organizations (FANO) announced that the head of the scientific school cannot be older than 60 years. Academicians of the Russian Academy of Sciences - down. For enterprises that do not have the appropriate opinion of the Advanced Research Foundation, science does not count.
Research institutes and design offices are abolished, competence centers are being created. Not professionals, but competencies. A professional is someone who knows what Austria and Australia are and where they are. A competent person has heard what Australia and Austria are, but does not know where they are. The crap continues.
The collapse of science is the last stage of the destruction of the foundations of industry, the elimination of the prospects for development. We go to the fifth generation of weapons, where the study, analysis and decision-making are based on the findings of scientific organizations, on methods. But instead of all this, we completely eliminate this sphere from the Armed Forces. The ideas that money can be given to institutes and universities and they will develop Topol-M are primitive. In the meantime, basic enterprises are being sold in Moscow, and scientific test bases are being liquidated. In fact, we have already lost energy, communication bases, the element base, now we have reached the Armed Forces and have already managed to make a lot of things into them. Undermined the beginning of education. Now there is physically no one to write a technical task for the development of not even complexes, but simply new products.
What do we have at the moment? What they were doing at the beginning of 90's. Only now began to approach the understanding of the need to create a single information space. They remembered that, it turns out, we had an 372 satellite. 52 is flying today. The Germans give meteo, the connection is the Americans.
We must speak very strictly about the importance of preserving science and relevant institutions. Both specialized in each area and able to synthesize all these works are necessary.
The structure in the industry that prepared the solutions for the implementation of our proposals was completely destroyed. There were proposals to destroy, not to develop Topol-M and to eliminate tactical nuclear weapons altogether.
An-124 "Ruslan" - 26 pieces, fly four. IL-76 - more than 75, in working condition - 12 – 16. GAZ-66 not made 20 years. The plant that produced the ZIL-131, destroyed. What kind of mobility of troops can we talk about? And is it necessary to remember that none of these decisions was justified?
One cannot agree to a merger of scientific research institutes and universities, because as a result there will be neither science nor training. Of course, the Russian Academy of Sciences is no longer salvaged, it is marked with a cross. So, we must turn to the Minister of Defense, he is a reasonable person, in order to restore full-scale universities and professionally oriented research organizations.
In 1984, the International Institute for Strategic Studies, a renowned center for politico-military conflicts headquartered in London, concluded that the Soviet Union has few opportunities in the development of weapons and equipment, but in all areas is not inferior to the Western world. Analyzing the work of the Main Missile-Artillery Directorate, the Main Directorate of Air Defense Armaments, the Directorate of the Navy, etc., the institute concluded that it was the presence of scientific organizations, scientific and technical committees that allowed us to accumulate all the best achievements in the implementation of promising samples. So study is economically correct. Instead, we destroyed everything in our country and now we are trying to equal ourselves with America.
But America is far away, and we live here. We have to have everything. Without science, neither the Armed Forces, nor the state can exist, and it must be strengthened and developed, and not reduced. Do not look at what to save: you will find five kopecks, and you will lose millions. And, of course, nothing good can be expected without the restoration of a magnificent school for training officers. Need to start with frames.
Anatoly Sitnov,
Colonel-General of Reserve, Chairman of the Board of Directors of CJSC “Engines“ Vladimir Klimov - Motor Sich ”
Defeat on the threshold of war
The absence of any threats and a likely enemy made the goal of the well-known reforms the transformation of our armed forces from being able to repel serious aggression into forces capable of fighting the militant troops. Hence the destruction of science, the defeat of the RAS and everything else.
The President of the United States suggested that we have an opponent. Obama designated Russia as one of the world's major threats along with Ebola and militants of the Islamic State group.
The picture of the last teachings "East", when completely untrained soldiers fired a grenade launcher, and not even from cover, depressed. In general, it is generally not clear what it was. The manifestation of elementary military ignorance.
We have no subjects of the strategy of operational art. The brigade does not belong to them, it can defend the town. So, by the way, and exercises are held. That commandos captured a settlement, and the paratroopers destroy them, then vice versa.
None of the politicians will decide on the use of nuclear weapons, so the real deterrent is the balance of power in one or another strategic direction. In our case, the ratio of forces and assets in the Western strategic directions 1 to 20, 1 to 15 in all systems, types of weapons.
It is necessary to restore our Armed Forces - regiments and divisions, the entire control system. It is necessary to raise the military district. We must be able to repel the aggression of serious geopolitical opponents, which, as the President of the United States suggests, have appeared.
We are on the verge of war. We just need to raise from the ruins of the destroyed, including science. And this should be done at a high pace, mobilizing all possible means.
Victor Sobolev,
Commander of the 58 Army (2003 – 2006), Lieutenant General
Where were the dolphins, now the jackals
We continue the practice of non-compliance directives. The VKO troops, created by presidential decree, have somehow been transformed into aerospace forces. How and how well it was performed, no one reported to the highest echelons of power - neither the Supreme Commander, nor the Minister of Defense.
Last year a decree was issued on the establishment of the Central Research Institute as part of the Armed Forces of the East Kazakhstan region. He began to gain momentum. On the basis of what, with what arguments are events being held today for the dismemberment and integration of universities, research centers or institutes? On what basis is this all going? Who and what pushes us? What goals and objectives are pursued? In my opinion, the military academy should be engaged in learning and science at the same time. A research institution is obliged to work on the prospects that will ensure the security of the country over the years 50. Will the military academy handle this? I think no.
The topic of testing is extremely important and complex today. Currently, the development of anti-aircraft missiles for the Navy. Famous polygons: Baltic, North and White Sea. All three really can not perform the tasks that confront designers, namely, to fully test the weapon and put it on the ship. The range of the Baltic Fleet has some limitations - it is intended for combat training. North is extremely constrained by weather conditions (storms, winds, fogs).
In Crimea, in Feodosia, there is a well-known testing ground. To the great surprise of the Black Sea Fleet group that had left there, all the instrumentation was saved and here it is realistic to organize full-fledged tests of anti-aircraft missiles without special financial and technical costs. In the Double Bay, where they experimented with torpedoes and battle dolphins, it is possible to carry out comprehensive tests of all types of weapons. But nobody needs anything. On 54 hectares around a pack of jackals is already sitting.
Alexander Gorkov,
Lieutenant General, Head of the Anti-aircraft Missile Forces (2000 – 2008)
Gunpowder already scattered
The presence of a clear conceptual apparatus is really very important in our time. We must speak the same language. What is military science? According to the generally accepted definition, this is a system of knowledge about war and the army. The object of study is war, and the subject is armed struggle.
War is a complex sociopolitical phenomenon, which cannot be investigated solely by departmental institutions. Moreover, they should deal with special state scientific structures.
It's great when our State Duma pays attention to such things, because the deputies are people who walk with a cane, and when someone tries to make money on the state, they beat on his hands, and some fools - on the head, removing him from his post .
We are not on the verge of war, because the third world has long been coming. It began with the atomic bombing of Japan, Nagasaki and Hiroshima. And then - its stages, which were carried out by the “American imperialists”: Korea, Vietnam, Egypt, Libya, Yugoslavia, Iraq, Afghanistan, the collapse of the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, Ukraine. Everyone understands that further - Belarus and we. Approaching the plans that America drew for itself in the distant 40-x are coming closer. Given the huge federal debt war for her - a panacea for all ills, a great opportunity to write it off.
From the 32 years of service in the Armed Forces, the last nine I was the head of the department at the Academy of the General Staff. 95 percent of the time of my and all faculty members was spent on the learning process. And only five percent is for participation (not conducting) in some kind of R & D that VNK or someone else gave us. Just participation, and the minimum.
I spoke with the chief of the Academy of the General Staff, Colonel-General Sergei Afanasyevich Makarov, and his deputy for science, Sergei Vasilyevich Chvarkov. Both are categorically opposed to connecting research institutions with the academy.
The main task of the educational institution is the organization of the educational process. For this purpose it is created. Another thing is that there you can open, for example, some kind of scientific laboratory (by the way, it is now created at the Academy of the General Staff), which will continue to develop military art, make certain proposals.
In this science, research should be strictly independent, otherwise the meaning is lost. When, for example, they removed the good Minister of Defense Igor Rodionov and instead put him Mr. Rocketman, who to maintain his pants pulled the RCU from the air defense system to himself, then military science immediately proved that the effectiveness of the missile attacks would increase. It is not clear, however, due to what.
Or a fresh example: the creation of a new species - aerospace forces. This is a stillborn child. We have already passed all this when we united the Air Force and Air Defense. At best, this is nonsense, at worst - a crime. After I expressed this thought out loud, they decided to fire me. Immediately did not work - age did not allow. So I myself wrote a report when we united two departments - the Air Force and the Air Defense.
Viktor Petrovich Ivanov, being an assistant to the president, said that they got excited with the union. But the train has already left. You can break it down quickly, and sometimes it’s impossible to create.
I am sure all normal people understand: this can not be done. But from above they crush with terrible force, they lobby. That is why a stick should be in the hands of State Duma deputies. You are independent. Beat a stick on the head of those who crushes the top.
The Air Force is almost non-existent, collapsed. This is not a transformation, but criminal actions. And VKO will also fall apart. And we are on the verge of war. The powder is already scattered, only a spark is needed.
It seems to me that the appropriate academy should be the flagship of military science. It should be given a state status so that it unites not only defense, but also civilian research institutes. That's when military science will exist.
Alexander Gerasimov
Lieutenant-General, Ex-Head of the Department of the East Kazakhstan region of the General Staff Academy
Space after the fight
In the Cosmonaut Training Center (CPC) them. Yu. A. Gagarin I worked for 25 years. At first I did everything myself, then I was the head of the department for testing and training astronauts for experimental work. And already 18 years I am a professor of two departments of the Air Force Academy. Yu. A. Gagarin - combat use of space assets and tactics of reconnaissance operations.
In the CPC, I was engaged in the training of crews of all promising and genuine spacecraft and stations for solving military tasks from 1969 to 1994 a year. It was the only department that has accumulated serious experience in combining training, science and its application, which I want to share.
In the department, 40 people worked - engineers and commanders, the best of the best, including those from the Zhukovsky Academy. Those who carefully read the diaries of Nikolai Petrovich Kamanin, Assistant Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force for Space from 1960 to 1971 a year, should have noticed that for the first time they described everything that was happening between us between the military and the civilians. We killed ourselves. Friction between the army and industry was aggravated by the fact that the Strategic Missile Forces, the Air Force, air defense, and others who joined the fight for space took part. And then the civilians overcame them. Today, the CPC is no military training. Despite the fact that orders for half of the private organization NPO "Electrotechnical holding" Energy "are spending trillions.
I left the CPC in 1994, when the Americans appeared there and the military theme was over.
The Air Force does not have the concept of "military activity", only "military affairs" —that is, something like a craft. Military activity includes all types of human activity, but is manifested in especially extreme conditions, in armed struggle. And in this regard, I would like to return to those good times when we were preparing for “Rising”, “Soyuz”, and so on in military-applied design. Already then we worked together with air defense. The chief of the 2 Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense, Sergey Sergeevich Sapegin, took an active part in this, and there was friendship. And then ... they bit each other. The liquidation of the Air Force Academy is the destruction of the Air Force’s brains. When the best is taken away from under the missile defense umbrella, it can’t be called treason. During the war, the academy was hidden in the Urals, they managed to prepare personnel, pilots. What now? In Voronezh, nobody cooked. After a year or two, the commanders of the units will not be found, not to mention the regimental commanders. You can rivet any number of equipment, and there will be no one to fly. This planned, targeted destruction - isn’t wrecking?
It is impossible to be both a teacher and a scientist at the same time. Even astronauts have testers, and there are researchers. It is impossible to combine.
Gennady Kolesnikov,
Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Doctor of Military Sciences, Professor, Reserve Colonel
Soviet stock exhausted
Long-term experience of military construction shows that the adoption of the most important decisions - whether it is the creation of an air defense system of the country, anti-missile defense systems, the formation of a nuclear shield, the development of weapons models of the Ground Forces, Navy, Air Force - has always been preceded by tremendous scientific work. It is organized in the Armed Forces to ensure that no decision is made without thorough study, which means that its effectiveness depends on how and what will ensure national security.
In recent years, a whole series of completely new threats and challenges to national security has emerged. Planning for the expansion of NATO continues to expand our borders. The country is forced to take measures to counter threats. The role of military science here is extremely great, which explains the attention that has been paid to it recently.
To solve the newly emerged tasks, it is necessary to carry out a qualitative transition of the system of departmental research institutes from the Soviet organization of scientific work to a model offering the full integration of military science into the scientific and educational space of the Russian Federation. Necessary measures are taken. In accordance with the decision of the Minister of Defense, in 2013, the reorganization of the military-scientific complex of the Armed Forces began, six scientific institutes were created. In many universities, subdivisions have been formed that are activating interest in students' scientific work. New forms of interaction with defense enterprises appear. Created scientific company. This is one of the mechanisms for the formation of personnel reserve for institutes and universities. Innovation Day of the Ministry of Defense has become an annual open platform to showcase the latest achievements of both enterprises and scientific organizations.
To determine areas of focus in April 2014, an assessment was made of the effectiveness of military research institutes. The results showed that the institutions have sufficient resources to solve the entire volume of tasks of military construction. I will name the main problems:
- a task setting system that does not provide a broad discussion by the expert community of research plans with the aim of focusing efforts on solving really pressing issues;
-conservative approaches to the organization and conduct of work, the imperfection of the mechanism for involving leading scientists, research teams of the RAS and other organizations in conducting research in the interests of defense and security;
- insufficient provision of scientific research institutes with highly qualified personnel, their aging, the unattractiveness of scientific work for young people, the imperfection of replenishment mechanisms. Today the scientific and personnel reserve inherited from the Soviet Union is almost exhausted.
22 May 2014 at the board of the Ministry of Defense noted the need for drastic measures to remedy the situation. The goal is a level of activity that would allow the military command and control bodies to work out the proposals, the projects of their solutions and accomplish the primary tasks:
-the formation and implementation of a defense plan for the next period;
-creation of the State Armaments Program for 2016 – 2025 years and its implementation;
-developing the forms and methods of using the Armed Forces ensuring the settlement of armed conflicts, as was clearly demonstrated in Crimea;
-prediction of the geopolitical situation in the European and Far Eastern regions, threats of war for resources in the Arctic;
- implementation of the concept of global active defense;
-resistance to the US missile defense system;
-creation of new high-tech weapons systems, including robotic systems.
11 September 2014 was decided by the Ministry of Defense to integrate science and education, including in the form of a merger of some universities and research institutes. This will increase the cognitive activity of the cadets, will ensure the involvement of the cathedral professorship in the scientific work on the state defense order, will give thesis research relevance and practical value.
Sergey Popov,
Representative of the Military Scientific Committee of the Armed Forces
Perhaps the secret plan has already been signed.
The ambitious plan for the improvement and optimization of educational institutions in Russia, developed and approved by Defense Minister Anatoly Serdyukov in 2010 for 10 days, was to transform approximately 59 universities in the country into 12. It was planned, in particular, reorganization, that is, the destruction of the Military Academy of Aerospace Defense named after Marshal of the Soviet Union G. K. Zhukov in Tver, but we fought for it and it was saved by the will of fate. I remember this not because the ashes of the Zhukovsky Academy knock on my heart, but because a method can be traced in everything that happens.
Speaking about modern problems of domestic military science, we must be aware that both today's and future wars are a confrontation robots fifth and even sixth generation. See what's going on in the world. Microminiaturization is underway, modern robots are bees that are difficult to notice in flight. And engineers play a major role in the development of these weapons. Commanders, flight personnel, etc., must be able to skillfully use this technique. Complementing the picture of our new reality are information wars that require the highest development of appropriate technologies.
Thus, we are dealing with two factors: on the one hand, the role of aviation is increasing, and on the other, engineering schools are being destroyed. In the domestic aviation only one engineering university has been preserved - the Voronezh Military Training and Research Center of the Air Force “Air Force Academy named after prof. N. Ye. Zhukovsky and Yu. A. Gagarin ”. And it is not even a university, but simply a good technical school. Although, of course, very many sing him hallelujah. They see scientific companies there, and it seems that now everything will move and go somewhere ahead. There will be nothing. Scientific companies are a place created for their children for the favorable continuation of their service.
If we talk about scientific companies seriously, we need to return to studying the experience of the Soviet military-technical school. Earlier, a serious selection of excellent students from the leading universities of the country, Moscow State University, and physical ones was carried out at the Academy named after N. Ye. Zhukovsky. And after they were taught their military affairs for two or three years, and then these guys went to work at the scientific research institute, in the design bureau, in acceptance.
What did Suvorov do when he wanted to sort out this or that question? He went to the old people - that is, he tried to conduct an independent examination. So the current commanders and commanders should not expect an objective assessment of what is happening from the military. They know nothing, because they are under oppression, in fact they are slaves.
So what's our discussion today? And what kind of power is it that contributes to the implementation of plans like optimizing the 2010 school network of the year? And who knows, maybe today it already exists - another plan has been developed and signed to create some promising network of scientific institutions that will increase efficiency, optimization, and so on? It is even possible that it has already been signed and entered into action, and another insanity awaits us - the same as the inclusion of research organizations in higher educational institutions, so that as a result they will lose both of them, since they solve different tasks.
Vladimir Vetoshkin,
Colonel, Head of the Department of the ACS of the Air Force Engineering Academy. N. E. Zhukovsky (from 1990 to 2005 year), doctor of technical sciences, professor
Send to an unusable object
An example of combining the Air Force and Air Defense showed how easy it is to break both. Now we are witnessing attempts to combine military science and military education. The result will be the same. Since it is not possible to invent anything (both C-400 and C-500 are products of the Soviet era), they began to imitate hectic activities. To divert attention from the true state of affairs - as they said in the KGB, "to direct to an unsuitable object." What for? All consider themselves commanders believe that they understand all matters better than others.
Alexander Tarnaev,
State Duma Deputy
Treachery of the Ministry of Finance
The question was asked here: what kind of power is this that war science is doing? My answer is: this is the Ministry of Finance. Personally, I voted against the military part of the budget for a number of reasons. The first is non-allocation of funds for departmental housing. What kind of contract can we talk about if it is not built? That is, the basis of the Armed Forces is collapsing in the current concept. As for military science expenditures, they are now being raised to 17 billions, and after two years they are being reduced again to 13 billions. We must recall very loudly that modern war is robotics. With Kalashnikov no longer run, although the role of the infantry and remains in certain circumstances. But we must always keep in mind the possibility of colliding with a larger rival. That is why the next reorganization is unacceptable. It, as shown by our rich negative experience (only the Zhukovsky Academy is worth), will again lead to the elimination of something. And we are obliged to bring this collective point of view of our expert council to the top management. We will send excerpts from the relevant report for familiarization to the Chief of General Staff. It is necessary to bring to the attention of management the fact that the position “everything is decrepit, everything collapsed” is incorrect. Who created our powerful military equipment? The very research institutes that are currently undergoing "reconstruction." If the fence is dilapidated, it is not necessary to break it. You can repair.
Objective research gives way to research on the principle of “what if you please”. Personnel hunger is exacerbated by reorganization. These trends determine the development of domestic military science.
A round table organized by the Communist Party faction "Military Science: State and Prospects" was held in the State Duma. What are the main problems? What you need to give up, what to save, what can you sacrifice? “Military Industrial Courier” gives the floor to the participants of the “round table”.
Liquidation maneuvers
The next reorganization is underway in the system of the Ministry of Defense. The idea is to join research organizations that have long existed to military universities.
I will not say who it is coming from, but there is a certain document which contains an analysis of the current state of military education and scientific activity. It says that everything is wrong with us. It is argued that at present, research organizations do not allow to fully ensure the solution of tasks in the interests of the Armed Forces. Named the main reasons for this situation. Material and physically obsolete scientific laboratory base. Low staffing of researchers. Loss of continuity, aging staff. The lack of a large part of scientific staff troop experience in the operation and use of military equipment.In the current situation, resuscitation of existing research organizations seems to be ineffective and cost-consuming. Therefore, such a scheme is proposed. Integration of universities and research organizations. It is supposed to be carried out in several directions, taking into account the nature and specifics of educational and scientific tasks.
The first. Creation of educational and scientific complexes from the zero cycle. For example, to merge the Military Academy of the Strategic Missile Forces and the 4 Central Research Institute into an educational and scientific complex on a single site in the Odintsovo district of the Moscow region.
The second. The transfer of functions and tasks of research institutes to the profile university without creating new structural divisions, that is, joining. For example, the Military Space Academy is currently capable of solving the tasks entrusted to the SSC RKO "Moscow" and SIC VKI "Korolev". The Voronezh is transferred to the Central Research Institute of the Air Force, which is located in Schelkovo.
It is substantiated that the integration of universities and research organizations will make a decisive leap forward.
The idea is clear. If on a large scale, it is a question of liquidating actually existing scientific research institutes of the Ministry of Defense. We have already seen how this is done. The Tver Academy of Air Defense defended with difficulty. Thank God, it exists, although it was merged, broken. Unable to defend the Zhukovsky Air Force Engineering Academy. Her move, the inclusion of the superacademia in Voronezh led, in my opinion, to actual destruction, given that almost none of the faculty went there. A renovation of walls, ceilings and floors does not solve the tasks that confront a research institution.
As far as I understand, even the former head of the Ministry of Defense did not attempt on these institutions, and now there were heads who decided to start another restructuring.
The budget for the next year provides for an increase in military science spending to 17 billion. And in 2017-m - a sharp reduction to 13 billion. In my opinion, the accounting approach prevailed: let us unite, shorten, this will lead to one, another, fifth or tenth.
We must look impartially from the point of view of military experience, to which the next reform, which is started in the depths of the Ministry of Defense, can lead.
Vyacheslav Tetekin,
doctor historical Sci., Deputy of the State Duma
Spells instead of knowledge
Without serious military-scientific support, it is impossible to effectively solve the tasks of building the Armed Forces and pursuing a policy in the field of military education. But one must take into account one of the most important conditions: the results used are impartial, objective, obtained in the search for scientific truth, and not in order to make money to the boss.
In my opinion, military science as a whole in the 60 – 80-s met such requirements. Judge for yourself: during this period, the optimal strength of the USSR Armed Forces was justified, which allowed to maintain the balance of power in Europe, which was a real factor ... The basics of preparation for conducting operations were developed, their provisions were studied in practice, especially with regard to the nuclear, fire destruction of the enemy. Specified standards and methods of action of troops in various types of combat operations, in the conditions of the use of nuclear weapons. The combat regulations of the divisions and subordinate formations were developed and adopted for leadership. Published instruction on field service. The system of combat operational training of troops, which caused envy of potential opponents, was scientifically substantiated and created. The armament and military equipment samples that came into service during this period are unsurpassed to date. And an effective system of military education was created. All this made it possible for us, the population of the country, to feel protected.Since the 90s of the last century, unfortunately, I can’t name any respectable practical manifestation of scientific thought in the development of the Russian Armed Forces. Outwardly, everything looks decent. Research organizations and institutions united in a single system survived. They still have tasks, do research, substantiation. It is only unclear whether these developments are demanded with respect for the principle of impartiality and objectivity. Or, scientists are seeking justifications for decisions already taken, which is far from the same thing. That is, now, in my opinion, the system is turned upside down. Individual decisions are made at the top, and scientific justifications are summarized under this.
So, for example, the Center for Military Strategic Studies substantiated the number of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation at one million people as sufficient for the defense of the country. At the same time, the share in this structure of the Ground Forces is just 300 thousand. But we only have a total length of 61 boundaries of a thousand kilometers, of which thousands of 22 are overland. It turns out about five - seven, even if 13 people per kilometer of the border. I recently met with an employee of this Center for Military Strategic Studies, and he is convinced that all of this actually ensures the security of the country.
They substantiated that in the European part in three strategic directions, one military district is sufficient, which has two divisions and about seven brigades, instead of the previously existing four groups of troops and seven military districts - front-line units. Now the ratio, we take roughly, is two divisions in the Moscow military district against 65 in the Soviet period. From the Kola Peninsula, where one team is located, to the Rostov region - 3000 kilometers. In this direction, the Moscow military district can cover about 70 – 80 kilometers in a single echelon formation during the period of danger. And from Smolensk and approximately to Rostov - in general a breach. And this supposedly provides sufficient defense in the most important direction. But we all understand perfectly: the West is where war traditionally came to us. And we are simply disarmed in this direction. There is no need to speak about the Eastern Military District and even about the Central, there is absolutely nothing there.
A scientific justification has been issued for the transition from divisions to brigade structures and the abolition of commands by branches of the Armed Forces, and the reduction of front-line units. But the division and the brigade are actually incomparable things. The brigade of the division is two and a half times inferior in combat power, but not only that, it does not carry ammunition, nor fuels and lubricants, nor food, nor repair forces and equipment, nor rear support. That is, she herself can jump out into the field, do something there for four, a maximum of six days and finish it all. And all refer to the hackneyed phrase: they say, increased maneuverability. But this term only means something to an illiterate layman, but in reality does not make any sense. Maneuverability - the ability of troops to move in space and occupy one or another position. With mixed manning of troops with heavy weapons and light, that is tanks, BMP, armored personnel carrier, all the same remains - either the railway, or under its own power. They are not transported on airplanes. On its own - 20-25 kilometers per hour, it will not work faster, at least kill yourself. By rail - the same 25 kilometers per hour. That is, maneuverability does not improve in any way with the transition from divisions to brigades. But we are losing combat power.
Previously, each district was deployed to a front-line unit of approximately 1,1 – 1,2 million people and had a front-line kit. What does it mean? Several rocket brigades - two, three. Several artillery brigades, including large-capacity, two, three. Several anti-aircraft missile brigades - two, three, etc. Bases: repair, rear, storage, medical. This is all called a front-mounted kit. It is intended to enhance the most important areas. Suppose an offensive operation is being conducted by a frontline unification. Where necessary, it is enhanced by these forces and means. What now? Instead of having a front-line kit in every military district, they left three in the whole country: in the west, in the center of Russia and in the Far East.
But in the west there are three or even four strategic directions. And - one set. Brigade commanders simply fool - they do not know how to prepare the troops, where they will then act. In the northwest, this is one thing, in the west, another, in the southwest, the third, and in the Caucasus, the situation is completely different. Virtually no one is preparing for hostilities.
But all this is justified, and I am inclined to believe that the existing system of scientific organizations does not have an objective voice. It adapts to those decisions that are made solely by either the Chief of General Staff, or the Minister of Defense, or, perhaps, the political leadership.
It seems to me that even a man in the street will take aback from such scientific approaches. Obviously, the one who demanded such a justification is glad to be deceived.
Another interesting point. The developers of the ideas that formed the basis of the adopted decisions act as it seems to them, as fighters against a rigid science. They believe that opponents defend outdated ideas to the detriment of the new theory. Hence the claims about the absence of an adversary (there were also such in 90-s). And still at the "round tables" we hear: "Who are you going to fight with?". Even if there is no enemy, he needs to be invented, otherwise it is impossible to train troops.
I remember that the deputy head of the Main Operational Directorate said: the times of mass armies, mass battles, and so on have passed, nothing will happen. Now there are gaps, gaps, raids, battalion tactical groups, and so on everywhere.
But look how escalation increases in a military conflict. Take the same Ukraine. The Americans have already revised their concept. Previously, they fought for contactless wars. But without the soldier Ryan, nowhere did nothing succeed. As long as the ground forces (I call them the forces of presence) did not come, it was impossible to establish any order.
But the current science repeats in unison with the leadership that there will be neither mass armies, nor a solid front. As a spell, the words “mobility”, “compactness”, “controllability” are pronounced, which fascinate, but do not bear any semantic load.
I think it’s necessary to figure out that scientific organizations are now filling the cadres, where they get military knowledge and who initially prepares them. You can learn a lot of interesting things. As with the teaching staff in military academies, because science and education are walking nearby. Recently met with the former head of the military academy. I say: "Give the characteristics of the average teacher? Who are these people? Where do they come from? ” He replies: "Mostly they are senior lieutenants, captains from positions of a platoon or company commander, less often - chiefs of battalion headquarters, units - battalions, who enroll, study for three years, graduate and remain at the academy as teachers." Theoretically, they were reasonably prepared, they were stuffed with various theories and so on, but they don’t know anything about military service, and they don’t even know what they can convey to listeners, future commanders, from personal experience. And now we will also reassign them to military research institutes together with scientific companies (we also have such a structure).
In order to substantiate the strength of the Armed Forces, the organizational states, the structure, you need to be very clear about the tasks to be performed in various types of combat situations. Like this boy, who does not know from which side to approach this problem, he can move science. Only by order. And you can justify everything. Therefore, looking ahead, I will say: an idle idea.
Now it is impossible to take an officer with combat and official experience at the academy. Why? Three years ago, I probably have been saying the same thing at various levels, that all military educational institutions that are located in Moscow need to immediately organize the construction of service housing so that officers with experience can be recruited and defined as teachers. In France, for example, it is forbidden to work in the academy for more than four years. I replied - and back to the troops. The rotation is constantly going on, the combination of theory with practice is mandatory. And here, if I went to the academy to teach, everything will be done until they endure.
The second problem is where to get these with experience. In 60 – 70's, there was an installation: to take the position of a teacher of a tactical group in academies from the position of deputy division commander. And the colonel came - 45-year-old, sophisticated, organizer of combat training and so on. The Academy of General Staff attracted no less than the first deputy army commander. A tactical group teacher teaches 10 – 15 people. Now there is no place to take a specialist. Because the government is extremely reduced. Seven armies, four combining operational-strategic. Even the post of deputy minister of defense has nowhere to get.
There is no selection. And imagine, somewhere a personnel error, someone does not pull ...
All this affects the professional level of commanders. Evidence of this is the recent tactical exercises in the Far Eastern Military District. The reports are beautiful. But the television picture is impartial, you can't invent anything there. Only two episodes show how an amphibious assault force, contrary to all elementary rules, disembarks from ships that have come up unhindered close to the shore. Imagine: the enemy in the most vulnerable place quietly unloaded. And then two helicopters fly up - they sit down in front of the defenders on the birch. This is not just ignorance - ignorance. Self-respecting enemy will never do such things, since there are certain standards, rules for the landing of amphibious assault forces.
Firstly, the ships after the sea passage occupy the internal areas of parking and maneuvering. It's over the horizon, 8-12 miles. Then they line up in their own directions, move to the outer areas of parking and maneuvering. Then the landing craft are launched. BTR, BMP afloat go to their directions. After that, under a powerful cover - the coast is processed for five days aviationotherwise, no landing will succeed - all this will be dropped. Minesweepers work at sea. On the shore to a depth of five meters should be organized mine-explosive barriers. But in order for the helicopter to land in front of the nose when a hurricane fire, all means work direct fire - this is only in the movies.
At the exercises, of course, you can make some tolerances. But I didn’t see a single engineering barrier around the defenders - no barbed wire, no mine blasting, no trenches.
That is, the paratroopers just walked. And engineering troops trained elsewhere. What does this indicate? Those who organize, plan and conduct exercises, do not understand anything.
All the world practice and experience of the Soviet Armed Forces show: construction, development is mainly concerned with and responsible for this is the species structure. If we recognize this, it means that we need to be given appropriate powers.
What is the principle here? Any governing body is considered optimal if it is engaged in the development and construction of its structure. Only the official who will subsequently be responsible, the service itself, will force an impartial approach to scientific research, to research and in conditions of a limited amount of money to choose development priorities. And some uncle will continue to perceive the weapons of the Ground Forces as a set of people, tanks, airplanes, artillery, air defense, etc., when everyone has long since moved away from this. The armament of the Ground Forces is regarded as a system, and it is strictly balanced between the means of destruction and control, reconnaissance, communications and navigation. Otherwise, what happens? For today - an overabundance of means of destruction, and behind it - the abyss. There is nothing to manage, there is nothing to reconnoiter. We shoot at 70 kilometers, we see in the exploration for three - five kilometers in the mountains, on 10 - on the plain. All tactical and combat properties and abilities of weapons are lost.
Who will prepare the justifications, proposals for the imposition of state defense orders? Of course, science must say its word, not to mention the development of models of weapons and military equipment. This has always been done by the type of troops together with industry, with general designers, with the enterprises of the military-industrial complex, then the result was obtained.
Now they have entrusted the branches of the Armed Forces with building and developing. But they can not do anything, no levers of influence. No budget, research organization, too. Some uncle from above is engaged in all the developments, proposals, imposition of the state defense order.
It turns out that one is responsible for construction and development, but has no opportunity to engage in this business. Another official prepares troops, the third one employs, and as of today there is no person in charge of the state of the Armed Forces. Put it on the commander in chief? But they are not subject to the troops. They, through the operational-strategic command, lock themselves on the General Staff and the Minister of Defense. Imagine? Four different officials share all duties and responsibilities, as in Krylov's fable. We know what comes out of it.
The General Staff must nevertheless return to the performance of its main duties, including the use of the Armed Forces. And the day-to-day leadership of the troops, including construction, development, training and responsibility, is entrusted to the types of the Armed Forces. The General Staff will not be able to grasp the immensity. But the chief of the armed services of the Armed Forces are now fading, there are no powers of authority, there is no possibility to influence the state of affairs in the troops. Degrades the entire command staff. Shoulder straps and form are there, but unfortunately they are not filled with content.
Only the enemy is known
Only the leadership of the country and the Armed Forces can assess the state of military science. From the side to do this, in my opinion, is impossible. “Everyone thinks he is a strategist, seeing the fight from the side ...” But military specialists and experts are required to know the actual (according to the available information) state of the Armed Forces in the full scope of this term, the work being done to prepare and improve them, equip them with weapons and military equipment, see results on major exercises and maneuvers.
Andrei Sedykh collage
Three years ago it was easy for us. We have seen all the ill-conceived reforms and what they lead to. And since, in our country, according to tradition, laws and rules could not have happened without scientific substantiation and accompaniment, it was clear how much intellectual potential was provided.
With the new leadership of the Armed Forces, much has changed at once, and these positive phenomena seem to be continuing. It must be assumed that everything is justified, the achievements of military science are now in demand and are being introduced into the Armed Forces: both in the field of operational art and in the creation of new types of weapons and military equipment.
The maneuvers and exercises showed positive results, though, and what we should have had, but did not receive, is also visible. In the Navy, it is most vividly, since the fleet to a greater extent solved the tasks with limited forces, tactical groups of surface ships.
For a long time we could not decide on a likely opponent. But he himself helped us. The US Secretary of Defense called the enemy of NATO, and it turned out we - our country and the Armed Forces. With good reason we can now talk about our likely adversary.
For naval fleet the situation is this. The enemy remained, and remained: in the same quantity, with the same combat capabilities (even increased), ships and means. And in our Navy, combat capabilities have decreased many times, if not tens of times. The main losses in the striking power of the fleet: in submarines (both nuclear and diesel) and naval missile-carrying aircraft. For 23 years, one multi-purpose submarine was built in Severodvinsk, and that is still incomplete.
Therefore, I see the main task of military science for the Navy in the near future — to determine, on the basis of research, the directions of programs and specific plans for the construction of ships, other forces and equipment, taking into account the capabilities of our military-industrial complex. Or maybe you need to increase these opportunities. And to achieve the adoption of such a program and the real implementation of it in order to form operational connections in a limited period of time to solve the tasks of marine operations.
It seems that diesel submarines are being built for the Black Sea Fleet in St. Petersburg, although the projects are still old. The first should arrive soon. Frigates in Kaliningrad are also being built for the Black Sea Fleet. And new strategic missile submarine cruisers may come to the Pacific Ocean.
But we need a real convincing program. If the Navy will be strengthened, then those areas of military science, which should determine tactical methods in solving operational tasks and the ability of fleets to have the forces to plan and conduct naval operations, will have their say.
In my opinion, the scientific potential for this is still in the Naval Academy, and in our universities, research institutes. It must be said directly that now the equipping of the Navy with ships and means does not allow the development of operational art.
It is impossible to theorize or fantasize. As you know, a naval scientific committee existed in the Navy, now this is only in the Ministry of Defense. There were nine research institutes, now - four. Is it correct? I will say this: it is possible to concentrate all science in four, if this is done correctly. But the fact that the commander in chief and the General Staff do not command fleets is hard to imagine. Just as in other forms of the Armed Forces. Everywhere military science is tested in practice. And the actions of the forces of the Navy make military science work further.
Personnel can come to science only after passing a certain practice of service in the relevant command and engineering positions. Therefore, it is necessary to build (and not pull with this case) a program with specific performers and reports, with responsibility for the results. Organize an assessment of achievements, stimulate people.
Valentin Selivanov,
Admiral, First Deputy Commander of the Navy, Chief of the Main Staff of the Navy
From the permutation of letters, the meaning does not change
The concept of aerospace defense adopted in 2006 year. In 2010, the president set the task to unite all forces and create a strategic command of the East Kazakhstan region. But to its implementation, we did not even come close. This happens because many managers have not yet understood the conceptual apparatus. The well-known historian and theorist Karl Clausewitz said: “The first task of any theory is to put in order vague and extremely confused concepts and ideas, and only by agreeing on names and concepts one can hope to succeed in considering questions clearly and easily.”
What can be said about aerospace defense in this connection? In the military dictionary we read: “EKR is a system of political, economic, military, military-technical, legal and other measures for the preparation and conduct of hostilities in aerospace space”. In our turn, by defense we mean a forced strike or a reflection of an enemy strike (in this case, a space strike). That is, it is about the conduct of hostilities. Accordingly, the commander, having assessed the situation in advance, having clarified the task and having worked out the plan, makes a decision on combat use.
The enemy is not on the ground, not on the water, not under the water, not somewhere else, but in the aerospace space. And then - either I will kill him, or he, along with my object. Here's how to make a decision and - more broadly - understand the essence of aerospace defense.
Further, if we talk about the aerospace defense of a country or a facility, the commander, military leader must take a series of measures to conduct combat operations. Which ones? He should know how information support, notification, warning will be organized. To do this. Who will order and provide equipment, teach it to use and prepare combat documents.
In the Armed Forces, a material basis must be created. For WKO, it is the Aerospace Defense Forces.
A genius in everything Leonardo da Vinci wrote: "Knowledge, not proven by experience, the mother of all authenticity, is fruitless and full of mistakes." For more than a decade, we are dealing with this phenomenon. Moreover, today everything should be put on a scientific basis. The institutes, the academy, the interdepartmental expert council on the problems of aerospace defense — all unanimously came out with the materials of creating a full-fledged, full-fledged aerospace defense. And suddenly, against this background, certain forces intervene and, instead of EKR, in the end, HQS are invented.
There was an air defense in the Air Force, became in VKS. The letters changed - the meaning and content remained the same and even worse, because another one was added - already the third step.
Any military formation, view, up to the platoon has its purpose. Nobody needs to clarify what, for example, the air defense of the Ground Forces. These are the forces and means that ensure the fulfillment of the combat mission by smashing the enemy’s airborne forces at the front.
And what is VKO, VKS? What is their purpose? People confuse it with tasks. Because everything is so incomprehensible. For example, the purpose of the air defense or air defense equipment is to protect the objects of the country from the impacts of an aerospace enemy. And to cover the object or prevent a strike is already a task, that is, an integral part of the mission.
An equally important issue is connected with the theater of military operations (theater of operations). Since the middle of the 80-ies in scientific conferences was born such a thing as aerospace theater of operations. During the war, theaters included an air zone. Today, the enemy dictates other conditions: hundreds of kilometers in height, thousands - in depth. Accordingly, there should be special troops, the role of aviation is not denied.
What happens to science? Initially, the Air Defense Academy was created, then a university was made, then the East Kazakhstani Academy was returned. But in the 2011 year, when the Aerospace Defense Forces are created, it collapses - it is transferred to the AF Mozhaisky Military Space Academy. This is an excellent educational institution in all respects, but it also prepares for a completely different way. How was it taught in the early years? They took teachers from our academy, they took the train and rode with all the papers. Read lectures and back. But after all, only oil is mined ...
Not the best way things are with the current Yaroslavl branch of the Military Space Academy named after A. Mozhaisky. What does the Yaroslavl School have to do with "Mozhayka"? Do not sew mare tail. They joined it only because the word “space” was there, and rocket men and locators were trained.
Anatoly Hyupenen,
Colonel-General, Doctor of Military Sciences, Professor, full member of the Academy of Military Sciences, Chairman of the Presidium of the Joint Council of the Interregional Public Organization "Union of Veterans of the Air Defense Forces", Chairman of the Military Scientific Society of the Cultural Center of the RF Armed Forces
Competent dope
What is happening now in military science, such an attitude towards it began with the appearance of young reformers, who declared that such a science does not exist. The current stage is a consequence of the destruction of the Russian Academy of Sciences, specialized institutions and the transition to a utilitarian system, which practically only indicates problems, but does not solve anything.
Here are just a few examples - fragments of what is happening now in our science as such. The Federal Agency for Scientific Organizations (FANO) announced that the head of the scientific school cannot be older than 60 years. Academicians of the Russian Academy of Sciences - down. For enterprises that do not have the appropriate opinion of the Advanced Research Foundation, science does not count.
Research institutes and design offices are abolished, competence centers are being created. Not professionals, but competencies. A professional is someone who knows what Austria and Australia are and where they are. A competent person has heard what Australia and Austria are, but does not know where they are. The crap continues.
The collapse of science is the last stage of the destruction of the foundations of industry, the elimination of the prospects for development. We go to the fifth generation of weapons, where the study, analysis and decision-making are based on the findings of scientific organizations, on methods. But instead of all this, we completely eliminate this sphere from the Armed Forces. The ideas that money can be given to institutes and universities and they will develop Topol-M are primitive. In the meantime, basic enterprises are being sold in Moscow, and scientific test bases are being liquidated. In fact, we have already lost energy, communication bases, the element base, now we have reached the Armed Forces and have already managed to make a lot of things into them. Undermined the beginning of education. Now there is physically no one to write a technical task for the development of not even complexes, but simply new products.
What do we have at the moment? What they were doing at the beginning of 90's. Only now began to approach the understanding of the need to create a single information space. They remembered that, it turns out, we had an 372 satellite. 52 is flying today. The Germans give meteo, the connection is the Americans.
We must speak very strictly about the importance of preserving science and relevant institutions. Both specialized in each area and able to synthesize all these works are necessary.
The structure in the industry that prepared the solutions for the implementation of our proposals was completely destroyed. There were proposals to destroy, not to develop Topol-M and to eliminate tactical nuclear weapons altogether.
An-124 "Ruslan" - 26 pieces, fly four. IL-76 - more than 75, in working condition - 12 – 16. GAZ-66 not made 20 years. The plant that produced the ZIL-131, destroyed. What kind of mobility of troops can we talk about? And is it necessary to remember that none of these decisions was justified?
One cannot agree to a merger of scientific research institutes and universities, because as a result there will be neither science nor training. Of course, the Russian Academy of Sciences is no longer salvaged, it is marked with a cross. So, we must turn to the Minister of Defense, he is a reasonable person, in order to restore full-scale universities and professionally oriented research organizations.
In 1984, the International Institute for Strategic Studies, a renowned center for politico-military conflicts headquartered in London, concluded that the Soviet Union has few opportunities in the development of weapons and equipment, but in all areas is not inferior to the Western world. Analyzing the work of the Main Missile-Artillery Directorate, the Main Directorate of Air Defense Armaments, the Directorate of the Navy, etc., the institute concluded that it was the presence of scientific organizations, scientific and technical committees that allowed us to accumulate all the best achievements in the implementation of promising samples. So study is economically correct. Instead, we destroyed everything in our country and now we are trying to equal ourselves with America.
But America is far away, and we live here. We have to have everything. Without science, neither the Armed Forces, nor the state can exist, and it must be strengthened and developed, and not reduced. Do not look at what to save: you will find five kopecks, and you will lose millions. And, of course, nothing good can be expected without the restoration of a magnificent school for training officers. Need to start with frames.
Anatoly Sitnov,
Colonel-General of Reserve, Chairman of the Board of Directors of CJSC “Engines“ Vladimir Klimov - Motor Sich ”
Defeat on the threshold of war
The absence of any threats and a likely enemy made the goal of the well-known reforms the transformation of our armed forces from being able to repel serious aggression into forces capable of fighting the militant troops. Hence the destruction of science, the defeat of the RAS and everything else.
The President of the United States suggested that we have an opponent. Obama designated Russia as one of the world's major threats along with Ebola and militants of the Islamic State group.
The picture of the last teachings "East", when completely untrained soldiers fired a grenade launcher, and not even from cover, depressed. In general, it is generally not clear what it was. The manifestation of elementary military ignorance.
We have no subjects of the strategy of operational art. The brigade does not belong to them, it can defend the town. So, by the way, and exercises are held. That commandos captured a settlement, and the paratroopers destroy them, then vice versa.
None of the politicians will decide on the use of nuclear weapons, so the real deterrent is the balance of power in one or another strategic direction. In our case, the ratio of forces and assets in the Western strategic directions 1 to 20, 1 to 15 in all systems, types of weapons.
It is necessary to restore our Armed Forces - regiments and divisions, the entire control system. It is necessary to raise the military district. We must be able to repel the aggression of serious geopolitical opponents, which, as the President of the United States suggests, have appeared.
We are on the verge of war. We just need to raise from the ruins of the destroyed, including science. And this should be done at a high pace, mobilizing all possible means.
Victor Sobolev,
Commander of the 58 Army (2003 – 2006), Lieutenant General
Where were the dolphins, now the jackals
We continue the practice of non-compliance directives. The VKO troops, created by presidential decree, have somehow been transformed into aerospace forces. How and how well it was performed, no one reported to the highest echelons of power - neither the Supreme Commander, nor the Minister of Defense.
Last year a decree was issued on the establishment of the Central Research Institute as part of the Armed Forces of the East Kazakhstan region. He began to gain momentum. On the basis of what, with what arguments are events being held today for the dismemberment and integration of universities, research centers or institutes? On what basis is this all going? Who and what pushes us? What goals and objectives are pursued? In my opinion, the military academy should be engaged in learning and science at the same time. A research institution is obliged to work on the prospects that will ensure the security of the country over the years 50. Will the military academy handle this? I think no.
The topic of testing is extremely important and complex today. Currently, the development of anti-aircraft missiles for the Navy. Famous polygons: Baltic, North and White Sea. All three really can not perform the tasks that confront designers, namely, to fully test the weapon and put it on the ship. The range of the Baltic Fleet has some limitations - it is intended for combat training. North is extremely constrained by weather conditions (storms, winds, fogs).
In Crimea, in Feodosia, there is a well-known testing ground. To the great surprise of the Black Sea Fleet group that had left there, all the instrumentation was saved and here it is realistic to organize full-fledged tests of anti-aircraft missiles without special financial and technical costs. In the Double Bay, where they experimented with torpedoes and battle dolphins, it is possible to carry out comprehensive tests of all types of weapons. But nobody needs anything. On 54 hectares around a pack of jackals is already sitting.
Alexander Gorkov,
Lieutenant General, Head of the Anti-aircraft Missile Forces (2000 – 2008)
Gunpowder already scattered
The presence of a clear conceptual apparatus is really very important in our time. We must speak the same language. What is military science? According to the generally accepted definition, this is a system of knowledge about war and the army. The object of study is war, and the subject is armed struggle.
War is a complex sociopolitical phenomenon, which cannot be investigated solely by departmental institutions. Moreover, they should deal with special state scientific structures.
It's great when our State Duma pays attention to such things, because the deputies are people who walk with a cane, and when someone tries to make money on the state, they beat on his hands, and some fools - on the head, removing him from his post .
We are not on the verge of war, because the third world has long been coming. It began with the atomic bombing of Japan, Nagasaki and Hiroshima. And then - its stages, which were carried out by the “American imperialists”: Korea, Vietnam, Egypt, Libya, Yugoslavia, Iraq, Afghanistan, the collapse of the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, Ukraine. Everyone understands that further - Belarus and we. Approaching the plans that America drew for itself in the distant 40-x are coming closer. Given the huge federal debt war for her - a panacea for all ills, a great opportunity to write it off.
From the 32 years of service in the Armed Forces, the last nine I was the head of the department at the Academy of the General Staff. 95 percent of the time of my and all faculty members was spent on the learning process. And only five percent is for participation (not conducting) in some kind of R & D that VNK or someone else gave us. Just participation, and the minimum.
I spoke with the chief of the Academy of the General Staff, Colonel-General Sergei Afanasyevich Makarov, and his deputy for science, Sergei Vasilyevich Chvarkov. Both are categorically opposed to connecting research institutions with the academy.
The main task of the educational institution is the organization of the educational process. For this purpose it is created. Another thing is that there you can open, for example, some kind of scientific laboratory (by the way, it is now created at the Academy of the General Staff), which will continue to develop military art, make certain proposals.
In this science, research should be strictly independent, otherwise the meaning is lost. When, for example, they removed the good Minister of Defense Igor Rodionov and instead put him Mr. Rocketman, who to maintain his pants pulled the RCU from the air defense system to himself, then military science immediately proved that the effectiveness of the missile attacks would increase. It is not clear, however, due to what.
Or a fresh example: the creation of a new species - aerospace forces. This is a stillborn child. We have already passed all this when we united the Air Force and Air Defense. At best, this is nonsense, at worst - a crime. After I expressed this thought out loud, they decided to fire me. Immediately did not work - age did not allow. So I myself wrote a report when we united two departments - the Air Force and the Air Defense.
Viktor Petrovich Ivanov, being an assistant to the president, said that they got excited with the union. But the train has already left. You can break it down quickly, and sometimes it’s impossible to create.
I am sure all normal people understand: this can not be done. But from above they crush with terrible force, they lobby. That is why a stick should be in the hands of State Duma deputies. You are independent. Beat a stick on the head of those who crushes the top.
The Air Force is almost non-existent, collapsed. This is not a transformation, but criminal actions. And VKO will also fall apart. And we are on the verge of war. The powder is already scattered, only a spark is needed.
It seems to me that the appropriate academy should be the flagship of military science. It should be given a state status so that it unites not only defense, but also civilian research institutes. That's when military science will exist.
Alexander Gerasimov
Lieutenant-General, Ex-Head of the Department of the East Kazakhstan region of the General Staff Academy
Space after the fight
In the Cosmonaut Training Center (CPC) them. Yu. A. Gagarin I worked for 25 years. At first I did everything myself, then I was the head of the department for testing and training astronauts for experimental work. And already 18 years I am a professor of two departments of the Air Force Academy. Yu. A. Gagarin - combat use of space assets and tactics of reconnaissance operations.
In the CPC, I was engaged in the training of crews of all promising and genuine spacecraft and stations for solving military tasks from 1969 to 1994 a year. It was the only department that has accumulated serious experience in combining training, science and its application, which I want to share.In the department, 40 people worked - engineers and commanders, the best of the best, including those from the Zhukovsky Academy. Those who carefully read the diaries of Nikolai Petrovich Kamanin, Assistant Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force for Space from 1960 to 1971 a year, should have noticed that for the first time they described everything that was happening between us between the military and the civilians. We killed ourselves. Friction between the army and industry was aggravated by the fact that the Strategic Missile Forces, the Air Force, air defense, and others who joined the fight for space took part. And then the civilians overcame them. Today, the CPC is no military training. Despite the fact that orders for half of the private organization NPO "Electrotechnical holding" Energy "are spending trillions.
I left the CPC in 1994, when the Americans appeared there and the military theme was over.
The Air Force does not have the concept of "military activity", only "military affairs" —that is, something like a craft. Military activity includes all types of human activity, but is manifested in especially extreme conditions, in armed struggle. And in this regard, I would like to return to those good times when we were preparing for “Rising”, “Soyuz”, and so on in military-applied design. Already then we worked together with air defense. The chief of the 2 Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense, Sergey Sergeevich Sapegin, took an active part in this, and there was friendship. And then ... they bit each other. The liquidation of the Air Force Academy is the destruction of the Air Force’s brains. When the best is taken away from under the missile defense umbrella, it can’t be called treason. During the war, the academy was hidden in the Urals, they managed to prepare personnel, pilots. What now? In Voronezh, nobody cooked. After a year or two, the commanders of the units will not be found, not to mention the regimental commanders. You can rivet any number of equipment, and there will be no one to fly. This planned, targeted destruction - isn’t wrecking?
It is impossible to be both a teacher and a scientist at the same time. Even astronauts have testers, and there are researchers. It is impossible to combine.
Gennady Kolesnikov,
Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Doctor of Military Sciences, Professor, Reserve Colonel
Soviet stock exhausted
Long-term experience of military construction shows that the adoption of the most important decisions - whether it is the creation of an air defense system of the country, anti-missile defense systems, the formation of a nuclear shield, the development of weapons models of the Ground Forces, Navy, Air Force - has always been preceded by tremendous scientific work. It is organized in the Armed Forces to ensure that no decision is made without thorough study, which means that its effectiveness depends on how and what will ensure national security.
In recent years, a whole series of completely new threats and challenges to national security has emerged. Planning for the expansion of NATO continues to expand our borders. The country is forced to take measures to counter threats. The role of military science here is extremely great, which explains the attention that has been paid to it recently.
To solve the newly emerged tasks, it is necessary to carry out a qualitative transition of the system of departmental research institutes from the Soviet organization of scientific work to a model offering the full integration of military science into the scientific and educational space of the Russian Federation. Necessary measures are taken. In accordance with the decision of the Minister of Defense, in 2013, the reorganization of the military-scientific complex of the Armed Forces began, six scientific institutes were created. In many universities, subdivisions have been formed that are activating interest in students' scientific work. New forms of interaction with defense enterprises appear. Created scientific company. This is one of the mechanisms for the formation of personnel reserve for institutes and universities. Innovation Day of the Ministry of Defense has become an annual open platform to showcase the latest achievements of both enterprises and scientific organizations.
To determine areas of focus in April 2014, an assessment was made of the effectiveness of military research institutes. The results showed that the institutions have sufficient resources to solve the entire volume of tasks of military construction. I will name the main problems:
- a task setting system that does not provide a broad discussion by the expert community of research plans with the aim of focusing efforts on solving really pressing issues;
-conservative approaches to the organization and conduct of work, the imperfection of the mechanism for involving leading scientists, research teams of the RAS and other organizations in conducting research in the interests of defense and security;
- insufficient provision of scientific research institutes with highly qualified personnel, their aging, the unattractiveness of scientific work for young people, the imperfection of replenishment mechanisms. Today the scientific and personnel reserve inherited from the Soviet Union is almost exhausted.
22 May 2014 at the board of the Ministry of Defense noted the need for drastic measures to remedy the situation. The goal is a level of activity that would allow the military command and control bodies to work out the proposals, the projects of their solutions and accomplish the primary tasks:
-the formation and implementation of a defense plan for the next period;
-creation of the State Armaments Program for 2016 – 2025 years and its implementation;
-developing the forms and methods of using the Armed Forces ensuring the settlement of armed conflicts, as was clearly demonstrated in Crimea;
-prediction of the geopolitical situation in the European and Far Eastern regions, threats of war for resources in the Arctic;
- implementation of the concept of global active defense;
-resistance to the US missile defense system;
-creation of new high-tech weapons systems, including robotic systems.
11 September 2014 was decided by the Ministry of Defense to integrate science and education, including in the form of a merger of some universities and research institutes. This will increase the cognitive activity of the cadets, will ensure the involvement of the cathedral professorship in the scientific work on the state defense order, will give thesis research relevance and practical value.
Sergey Popov,
Representative of the Military Scientific Committee of the Armed Forces
Perhaps the secret plan has already been signed.
The ambitious plan for the improvement and optimization of educational institutions in Russia, developed and approved by Defense Minister Anatoly Serdyukov in 2010 for 10 days, was to transform approximately 59 universities in the country into 12. It was planned, in particular, reorganization, that is, the destruction of the Military Academy of Aerospace Defense named after Marshal of the Soviet Union G. K. Zhukov in Tver, but we fought for it and it was saved by the will of fate. I remember this not because the ashes of the Zhukovsky Academy knock on my heart, but because a method can be traced in everything that happens.
Speaking about modern problems of domestic military science, we must be aware that both today's and future wars are a confrontation robots fifth and even sixth generation. See what's going on in the world. Microminiaturization is underway, modern robots are bees that are difficult to notice in flight. And engineers play a major role in the development of these weapons. Commanders, flight personnel, etc., must be able to skillfully use this technique. Complementing the picture of our new reality are information wars that require the highest development of appropriate technologies.
Thus, we are dealing with two factors: on the one hand, the role of aviation is increasing, and on the other, engineering schools are being destroyed. In the domestic aviation only one engineering university has been preserved - the Voronezh Military Training and Research Center of the Air Force “Air Force Academy named after prof. N. Ye. Zhukovsky and Yu. A. Gagarin ”. And it is not even a university, but simply a good technical school. Although, of course, very many sing him hallelujah. They see scientific companies there, and it seems that now everything will move and go somewhere ahead. There will be nothing. Scientific companies are a place created for their children for the favorable continuation of their service.
If we talk about scientific companies seriously, we need to return to studying the experience of the Soviet military-technical school. Earlier, a serious selection of excellent students from the leading universities of the country, Moscow State University, and physical ones was carried out at the Academy named after N. Ye. Zhukovsky. And after they were taught their military affairs for two or three years, and then these guys went to work at the scientific research institute, in the design bureau, in acceptance.
What did Suvorov do when he wanted to sort out this or that question? He went to the old people - that is, he tried to conduct an independent examination. So the current commanders and commanders should not expect an objective assessment of what is happening from the military. They know nothing, because they are under oppression, in fact they are slaves.
So what's our discussion today? And what kind of power is it that contributes to the implementation of plans like optimizing the 2010 school network of the year? And who knows, maybe today it already exists - another plan has been developed and signed to create some promising network of scientific institutions that will increase efficiency, optimization, and so on? It is even possible that it has already been signed and entered into action, and another insanity awaits us - the same as the inclusion of research organizations in higher educational institutions, so that as a result they will lose both of them, since they solve different tasks.
Vladimir Vetoshkin,
Colonel, Head of the Department of the ACS of the Air Force Engineering Academy. N. E. Zhukovsky (from 1990 to 2005 year), doctor of technical sciences, professor
Send to an unusable object
An example of combining the Air Force and Air Defense showed how easy it is to break both. Now we are witnessing attempts to combine military science and military education. The result will be the same. Since it is not possible to invent anything (both C-400 and C-500 are products of the Soviet era), they began to imitate hectic activities. To divert attention from the true state of affairs - as they said in the KGB, "to direct to an unsuitable object." What for? All consider themselves commanders believe that they understand all matters better than others.
Alexander Tarnaev,
State Duma Deputy
Treachery of the Ministry of Finance
The question was asked here: what kind of power is this that war science is doing? My answer is: this is the Ministry of Finance. Personally, I voted against the military part of the budget for a number of reasons. The first is non-allocation of funds for departmental housing. What kind of contract can we talk about if it is not built? That is, the basis of the Armed Forces is collapsing in the current concept. As for military science expenditures, they are now being raised to 17 billions, and after two years they are being reduced again to 13 billions. We must recall very loudly that modern war is robotics. With Kalashnikov no longer run, although the role of the infantry and remains in certain circumstances. But we must always keep in mind the possibility of colliding with a larger rival. That is why the next reorganization is unacceptable. It, as shown by our rich negative experience (only the Zhukovsky Academy is worth), will again lead to the elimination of something. And we are obliged to bring this collective point of view of our expert council to the top management. We will send excerpts from the relevant report for familiarization to the Chief of General Staff. It is necessary to bring to the attention of management the fact that the position “everything is decrepit, everything collapsed” is incorrect. Who created our powerful military equipment? The very research institutes that are currently undergoing "reconstruction." If the fence is dilapidated, it is not necessary to break it. You can repair.
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