Meeting on the development of the military education system
During a visit to the Ryazan Higher Airborne Command School named after Army General V.F. Margelova Vladimir Putin held a meeting on the development of the military education system.
V.PUTIN: Good afternoon, dear colleagues.
Today we will talk about the development of domestic higher military education. First of all, it is about how, based on the accumulated experience, the traditions of the army high school, to ensure the qualitative growth of its potential.
The system of higher military education, I recall, has existed in Russia for more than three centuries. Back in 1689, the Military Engineering School was opened in Moscow. But, the truth, the Naval School established by Peter I in 1701 began the formation of a network of higher military educational institutions.
We all understand well that the system of higher military education, the training of officers, is undoubtedly the foundation of the Armed Forces. And it should be reliable, durable, meeting the requirements of time and calculated, which is very important, for the future.
By the way, according to our military experts, who were made immediately after the end of World War II, the causes of many of the failures of 1941 – 1942 were related to the problems of military education in the pre-war years.
Many of you probably already know this, but I’ll read you a statement that is stored in the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense. This is an extract from the report of the Office of Universities. This report was made in 1946, that is, immediately after the end of World War II. Then the specialists of that time, all themselves, of course, the participants of the Great Patriotic War, wrote in their report: “The organizational leapfrog in the system of military schools to the beginning of the war, the lack of thoughtful prospects for the development of the network and the capacity of schools, the failure of the officer reserve plans - all this created a number of serious difficulties, especially in the early years of the war. " We must not forget these hard lessons.
Recently, we have seriously updated the system of higher military education, including the organization and content of training. Now they are based on new federal state standards and qualification requirements. All this is an integral part of the work on the formation of the modern look of the Armed Forces. And this important work needs to be consistently continued, to set up military education for the long-term tasks of military construction.
In this regard, I will outline several priorities.
The first. Already in the 2014 year, it is necessary to complete the optimization of the very network of military higher educational institutions, which I just mentioned in the 1946 reference of the year I quoted. It is necessary to bring this network in compliance with the parameters of the personnel order of the Armed Forces and other law enforcement agencies. The Ministry of Defense has approved such a network. At the same time, I consider it fundamentally important to preserve a number of military academies as independent educational institutions. You know what it is about. Decisions, in principle, have already been taken. These are the Mikhailovsky Artillery Academy, the Military Academy of Army Air Defense, the Academy of Aerospace Defense, the Academy of Radiation, Chemical and Biological Defense.
As for the training of officers in new specialties, it is advisable to conduct it on the basis of existing universities, where there is a necessary base. It is hardly advisable to create additional higher education institutions for this purpose, especially since tradition in military education is especially important.
And of course, it is necessary to plan the development of the system of higher military education for the long term. Therefore, I ask the Ministry of Defense, together with the departments concerned, to submit proposals in March next year on further improvement of the military education system for the period up to 2020.
The second direction is the improvement of the quality of officer training. I will note that for the first time, the new law “On Education” granted military schools and security agencies sufficiently wide powers in the educational process. We need them skillfully dispose of.
What I mean. It is, for example, the right to establish qualification requirements for military professional and special training of graduates, to determine a list of information to be placed in open information and telecommunication networks, to establish features for the organization and implementation of educational, methodical and scientific activities, and so on and so forth.
Graduates of military universities should be ready to solve the most complex tasks. And for this you need to run the most effective educational programs, constantly analyze how graduates serve in the military, what knowledge and skills they learn in schools and academies, they use, and which remain unclaimed. On this basis, it is necessary to promptly adjust curricula, improve teaching technologies, introduce everything new in our country and abroad into the learning process, take into account in training potential changes in the nature of the armed struggle.
Again, back to the start of the war, you certainly know this better than I do. High schools taught trench warfare. And when did these tank wedges at the beginning of the war, the picture changed dramatically not in our favor, which, in fact, is said in this certificate in 1946. And we, and you know the features of modern combat, and the prospects for the development of possible options for conducting armed struggle in the medium and long term. You certainly know how the modern armed struggle is being waged, by what, most importantly, forces and means, which means what methods you need to apply during this armed struggle, how you need to prepare people for it. Quite different things are already compared to the period of the Great Patriotic War.
In addition, such an analysis will help determine what types of weapons, military equipment and simulators you need for the future. Listeners and cadets should master not only today's weapons and equipment, but also promising ones that will go to the troops in the coming years.
More about one important point. The prestige of military education and the interest in it are largely due to the fact that it has always been fundamental, not inferior to civilian, and even surpassed it in certain areas. Perhaps, the rector of Moscow State University will argue with me, but the tradition in Russia was just that. It is necessary to further encourage the spirit of competition and healthy competition with civilian universities. This year, for the first time, students of leading civilian universities took part in the All-Army Olympiads. This practice certainly needs to be continued.
At 2014, the year is scheduled to hold competitions in an international format with the involvement of specialists, students, cadets of military schools, primarily from the CIS countries.
The third is the development of the scientific potential of military universities. It is certainly significant. Most military theorists, researchers, analysts work precisely in military schools. In high schools there are more than 400 scientific schools. This is a huge potential. 1 600 doctors and more 8 100 PhDs. This is more than 70 percent of the total scientific potential of the Ministry of Defense. I think that this issue should be given the closest attention. Especially since next year we will need to start forming a system of promising military research.
And finally, the fourth is the expansion of international cooperation in the field of training military personnel. Here we have a wealth of experience. Suffice to say that over the past 70 years, more than 280 thousands of foreign military personnel from 108 states have been trained in our military schools.
In their countries, they occupied and occupy high posts both in the military departments and in the civil service, and are among the top leaders of the state. Among them are presidents and premieres. And this is another convincing evidence of the quality of our higher military education.
Now 5500 military personnel from 43 states is learning from us, first of all, of course, from countries that are our strategic allies in the CSTO and the CIS, as well as from other states. We need to look for new incentives to attract foreigners to our military schools, offer advanced training programs for specialists, and also prepare military technical personnel. All this is important both from the point of view of the development of cooperation in the area of military-technical cooperation, and for strengthening Russia's influence in the world.
Let's talk about this in more detail.
Speech to the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation Sergey Shoigu Sergei Kuzhugetovich. You are welcome.
S.SHOYGU: Comrade Supreme Commander! Dear comrades!
The military education system is the most important tool for forming the personnel potential of the Armed Forces. Therefore, its development has been and remains a priority in our work. Large-scale re-equipment of the army and fleet sets the system of military education to train specialists capable of skillfully applying new weapons and military equipment.
Recently, a lot has been done in this direction. Recreated military education management system. Military schools have been returned to the subordination of the commanders-in-chief of the types and commanders of the arms of service, the leaders of the central military administration bodies. This made it possible to ensure the direct participation of customers in the training of officers, in resolving issues related to the training and education of officers, improving the training and material base, as well as increasing their responsibility for the quality of training.
The network of higher military educational institutions is brought in line with the parameters of the personnel order. The Mikhailovsky Military Artillery Academy, the Military Academy of Air Defense, the Military Academy of Aerospace Defense were saved, the Ryazan Higher Airborne and the Tyumen Higher Military Engineering and Command Schools were reinstated as independent universities, and the branch of the Air Force Academy - the Chelyabinsk Higher Military - was re-establishedaviation school navigators. Currently, there are 18 universities and 15 branches. They provide the current and future needs of the army and navy in the training of military personnel. The recruitment of students and cadets was resumed, taking into account the supply of arms and military equipment to the troops, as well as the formation of new formations and military units. In the interests of the Ministry of Defense this year, about 15 thousand cadets were recruited for the first courses of universities. Training is planned for all necessary military specialties. In high-tech engineering specialties related to the operation of robotic systems and other highly intelligent systems, the training of personnel officers in leading civilian universities of the country has been organized. This year 2,5 thousand people were recruited. Measures were taken to increase the level of training of military personnel, the main criterion for assessing the quality of training, the ability to act professionally in real combat situations was determined.
In the military academies and universities for officers again introduced two-year training programs. It is important to note that they are based on new federal state educational standards, in the development of which the Ministry of Education and Science assisted us. Taking this opportunity, I want to thank Dmitry Livanov for constructive joint work.
Much has been done to preserve the scientific potential of military schools. Today, over 66 percent of teachers and scientists of military universities are doctors and candidates of science. At the moment, more than 70 percent of scientists of the Ministry of Defense are serving and working in military schools.
16 federal state standards were developed for the preparation of scientific and pedagogical personnel, promising topics for candidate and doctoral dissertations were approved. It is based on priority aspects of the development of forms and methods of armed struggle, the improvement of weapons and military equipment, the creation and combat use of robotic systems and unmanned vehicles. In general, we can say that the current system of military education meets the needs of the army and navy for military personnel. Its further development will be carried out simultaneously with the construction and technical re-equipment of the Armed Forces. Today, the Ministry of Defense is implementing the following key areas of work.
First, we continue to improve the quality of training officers. The basis for the adjustment of training programs for students and cadets will be the results of hearings, graduates' official work, as well as exercises and training of troops. They will spend a significant part of their training time on military internships and in field exits, in training centers and on training grounds. The share of studies using computer modeling will increase. This will allow students to develop sustainable skills in planning, organizing and conducting combat operations, as well as their comprehensive support. The holding of competitions and competitions in military specialties, which from the beginning of this academic year are foreseen by the plans of the Ministry of Defense, will have a significant impact on improving the quality of officer training.
Secondly, we pay special attention to improving the level of training of the teaching staff. Already today, military educators are necessarily involved in the activities of daily and combat operational training. Internships in the troops and at the enterprises of the military-industrial complex have become one of the main areas of work to improve the skills of military teachers. The alternation of service in the university with the service in the bodies of military administration, military units and scientific organizations will also contribute to the improvement of their practical skills.
In addition, we are significantly expanding our interaction with leading civil universities. The advanced achievements of pedagogical science will be actively introduced into the activities of the higher military school.
Thirdly, we are actively improving the educational and material base of military schools. New models of weapons and military equipment, modern training equipment is primarily supplied to universities. Currently this issue is taken under tight control.
Dear Vladimir Vladimirovich, a comprehensive analysis of the military education system shows that efficiency can be improved if a number of conditions are met. First of all, it is necessary to work out the issue of returning the status of independent educational organizations to military schools. Experience has shown that with a branch system, the efficiency of management is reduced, current issues are resolved through the main institution of higher education, which, as a rule, is located thousands of kilometers away. This issue will be particularly acute during the threatened period, when each branch must switch to a wartime state and deploy military training that exceeds the peacetime requirements several times. The filial system is not designed for this.
It is proposed to correct the situation. Today, it has everything you need. This will not require additional staffing or additional financial resources. The number of variable staff has increased in the branches, training centers for training junior specialists have been established, the nomenclature of specialties has been expanded, and military personnel have been trained in secondary vocational education programs. In this regard, I consider it expedient to return to branches the status of independent educational organizations, to reconstruct the historically established typology of military universities, academies, universities and colleges, and also to return them state awards and honorary names, which, in fact, was done according to your decision. Ryazan Airborne School.
One more question, the solution of which directly affects the quality of the training of cadets. Today, sudden inspections of troops, military and naval exercises of various scale and levels have become regular. This is not only a test of the readiness and ability of the troops to perform combat tasks, but also a tool for developing optimal methods of conducting combat operations, effective use of weapons and military equipment, and the search for new management solutions. Only in this way will we be able to prepare a military specialist capable of acting in any conditions and setting.
At the same time, the framework of federal state standards does not allow military schools to promptly introduce promising developments in the military, engineering and technology in the educational process. Making the necessary changes to the standards takes time, over which new knowledge loses its relevance. In this regard, it is proposed to give military universities the right to develop and approve educational standards on their own. Today, Moscow and St. Petersburg State Universities have such a right, as well as universities, the list of which is approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation.
Providing a similar right to leading military universities will expand their capabilities in shaping the content of training, will ensure the required level of professional training for officers, and will strengthen the practical component of the educational process. At the same time, the responsibility of universities for the quality of training of specialists will increase, as well as their ability to take up duties in the army as soon as possible.
The experience of enrolling cadets in higher education shows that additional entrance examinations allow for better selection of candidates. So, for future engineers, it is proposed to introduce an exam in physics, for specialists at RCBZ - in chemistry, for military doctors - in biology. At the initial stage, this will make it possible for applicants to identify not only the ability to master complex and expensive military equipment, but also the motivation to receive a specific military specialty.
Finally, another proposal, it concerns the development of the educational and material base of universities. As part of the activities of the program of the Ministry of Defense until 2020, programs for the development of universities have been adopted. Their implementation will allow to put in order the infrastructure and funds of universities, it is advisable to build up the field, field training and laboratory facilities and training facilities of military schools.
Comrade Supreme Commander! The system of military education is in the single educational field of our state. It has a rich, more than three centuries history. Much has changed during this time, but the main task has remained unchanged - the training of military professionals, the readiness to defend the Motherland and their people. In order to further develop the system of military education and capacity building, I ask you to support our proposals and initiatives.
Thank you for attention.
V.PUTIN: Does this mean developing standards for leading universities and introducing additional entrance exams for them? And that it will not undermine the common foundations, but, on the contrary, will give the opportunity to choose for the military universities those cadres that are needed specifically for this service, for the military?
S.SHOYGU: Yes. And here, Vladimir Vladimirovich, I would like to clarify. For us too expensive - for the state and for the Ministry of Defense - the consequences of such a massive reception according to the results of the USE. We are receiving them. They have field gatherings. Then we dress them, put on shoes, and put them on allowances. And they stand on that - once half a year, and once a year. And only when we find out that they can really serve, such a majority is really, then we, of course, have every opportunity to continue working with them. And before that, we bear such costs.
V.PUTIN: Thank.
Anatoly G., Ryazan Higher Airborne School. You are welcome.
A.KONTSEVOY: Comrade Supreme Commander!
Throughout almost the entire history of military education, military academies and military schools were assigned full responsibility for the quality of military training. To solve these problems there were all the necessary capabilities and powers. At present, this has been preserved only by independent military schools.
Unfortunately, as part of the optimization, the number of universities was reduced, the number was transformed into branches. At the same time, the cost of their maintenance has not changed. The organizational structure remained identical to military schools. In addition, the accession of military schools to the head universities took place on the basis of territorial proximity and adjacent educational programs. At the same time, the branches lost their independence in solving issues of daily activities and efficiency of solving current problems.
It happened with the Ryazan Airborne School, which became part of the Combined Arms Academy of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The customer of training military personnel — the command of the Airborne Forces — did not have a direct impact on the content of training, staffing with the teaching staff, difficulties in material and technical support, ensuring the educational process, and organizing practical training for cadets appeared. All questions had to be solved through the Main Command of the Ground Forces, to which the Academy is subordinate, and this time: accordingly, the efficiency of solving problems decreased.
Another important point. Despite the fact that we were a branch, we were still called the Ryazan Airborne School. By the way, still schools are called branches and other universities. Today the historical name is Ryazan Higher Airborne Command School named after Army General V.F. Margelov - again became the official name of the school. At the suggestion of the Minister of Defense in June of this year, the Government of the Russian Federation returned to the school the status of an independent educational organization. The advantages of independence are obvious. First of all, it is the preservation of traditions that are very significant for us. The decision to return the historic and recognizable name of the university put a wide positive response among the paratroopers in the veteran environment, among the youth - our future, potential candidates. Believe that the words "branch" and "institute" for the military high school sound scary.
Today, the university is returning to the traditional command and control structure of the military school, there is an increase in the teaching staff, primarily at the expense of military personnel with rich combat experience. In addition, my personal responsibility as the head of the school for solving the whole complex of issues related to the training of professional military personnel, the education of the cadets of the airborne spirit and traditions, has significantly increased. Direct subordination of the school to the commander of the Airborne Forces allowed to quickly resolve issues of sending cadets and teachers to the troops to participate in combat and operational training activities. I think that this question is also relevant for other branches today.
Thank you.
V.PUTIN: Thank you very much.
Military Diplomatic Academy. Vladimir Dmitrievich, please.
V.KUZMICHEV: Comrade Supreme Commander!
The new federal law on education in the Russian Federation has granted the right to leading universities of the country - Moscow, Leningrad universities, the name of Bauman and others - independently develop and approve educational standards. This practice seems appropriate to extend to leading military universities. This will have a positive impact on the quality of training of military specialists, as it will allow to promptly make changes in the content of training, taking into account changes or the emergence of new forms and methods of armed struggle, the introduction of advanced technologies in the troop control system and weaponsand also take into account the peculiarities of training military personnel.
Moreover, this authority provides an opportunity to promptly correct training issues, taking into account the emergence of new threats to the national security of the Russian Federation, changes in the development of the armed forces of foreign countries, the adoption of new types of weapons and military equipment, as well as the experience of exercises, maneuvers, sudden inspections of troops of various sizes.
Therefore, it is important that, together with the customers of training, these are the commanders-in-chief of the types, the commanders of the arms of service, the heads of the main directorates, to determine what needs to be taught to students and cadets for the actual needs of the troops. We understand that with this approach we will have the additional responsibility for the independent development of standards and the training of officers. We are ready for this. As before, we are ready for comprehensive monitoring of the activities of universities by Rosobrnadzor both in the course of licensing educational activities and in checking the level of training of students and cadets at various stages of training. Ultimately, training in standards developed by universities and approved by the Ministry of Defense will help increase trust in universities, will provide training for qualified specialists who are capable of implementing the competences formed during training in modern conditions and environments.
A few words about the additional entrance examinations. Yes, today, when we enroll in our universities, we check physical fitness, state of health, conduct a professional psychological selection to determine the motivation for military service, and also carry out an inspection for admission to work with secret documents. But this, we believe, is not enough. Available developments show that approaches to the definition of additional tests should be differentiated and depend on the chosen profession and the specialization of the officer. For command universities this can be social studies, mathematics, computer science; for technical - physics; for specialists in the operation of space vehicles - physics or astronomy. There is also the experience of mandatory testing of applicants in academic subjects.
Comrade Supreme Commander! Providing opportunities for leading military universities to independently develop and approve educational standards, to conduct additional entrance tests will allow officers to be trained who are able to withstand modern challenges and threats to the national security of the state at the highest level.
Report completed.
V.PUTIN: Thank you very much.
Air Force Academy. Gennady Vasilyevich, please.
G. ZIBROV: Comrade Supreme Commander!
The main and main task of military universities is the training of highly qualified officers. The quality of their training depends on many factors, which together affect the formation of the officer’s personality and, of course, his professional skills. Of course, the result of our work depends primarily on the skill level of the teaching staff and the state of the teaching and material base.
Let me use the example of the Air Force Academy to report on some aspects of our work experience.
The faculty of the Academy today has a high level of both military training and scientific qualifications, 74 percent are doctors and candidates of science. The situation is similar in most other universities of the Ministry of Defense. Our teachers have a rich combat experience, experience of command-staff and educational work, and with the tasks that are assigned to them, cope, and cope in the future successfully.
Comrade Supreme Commander! The top priority for us today is the issue of compliance of the educational material base with the requirements of today. The relevance of this issue has now significantly increased due to the fact that the troops began to receive very intensively the latest modern military equipment and weapons. We understand that combat systems that are even more difficult to operate and use will be delivered to the troops before the 2020 of the year and for the future of the 2030 – 2050. Under these conditions, the principle of advancing the development of the educational and material base should be fundamental in the basis of the activities of universities. Knowledge and practical skills of graduates directly depend on this.
Today, in fact, at this stage this is what happens. The Su-34, Yak-130, Mi-28, Ka-52 helicopters were sent to the Air Force Academy to study. I would also like to note that in parallel with the supply of new equipment, simulators are also being received for training both flight and engineering staff. And the complex receives computer classes, which allow us to provide trainees with the appropriate software for these types of aircraft. Also comes the technique and for training in other specialties of training, in particular electronic warfare. Specialists are also trained at the academy.
A very interesting project, which today is approved by the scientific and pedagogical staff of universities, is that individual prototypes of equipment that have successfully passed state tests and troop tests are being transferred. And it allows us today to train officers, looking ahead for a few years.
In the implementation of educational programs, we focus on training and practical training specifically on armaments and military equipment, which substantially increases the efficiency of both flight practice and the overall improvement of the quality of training in all specialties. In this issue, we work in close relationship with the enterprises of the military-industrial complex. Scientists of the Academy participate in the development of new training systems and complexes, in carrying out research and development and research work, as well as in testing new types of weapons and military equipment directly at the test site. By the way, the staff of a scientific company, which was formed at the academy just a few months ago and already gives very good results in its activities, is to a large extent involved in this work.
A priority in the development of the teaching and material base in the near future will be the creation of scientific experimental laboratory and production complexes in military universities. Such tasks by the Minister of Defense have been set for us, and we have begun to implement them.
Comrade Supreme Commander, during the implementation of the federal target program “Reforming the system of military education in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2010,” such problems facing us at that time were resolved and resolved quite successfully. This allowed us to bring the educational and material base of universities to a qualitatively new level of development, to create modern living conditions for students and cadets, a sports base, and many other issues were also resolved.
However, life does not stand still, and at present, it is objectively necessary to implement a new program for the development of each military educational institution as a whole, to further improve the educational and material base of the entire military education system. We are ready to perform new tasks. I say this on behalf of all the heads of universities who are present here.
The report is finished.
V.PUTIN: Thank.
Please colleagues, who would like to add something? Victor Antonovich, please.
V.SADOVNICHY: Thank you, Vladimir Vladimirovich.
Vladimir Vladimirovich, I just wanted to agree with you: You said that in the best years, fundamental education and science, even in classical universities, were supported by specialists working in military schools or academies. In 60 – 70, when MSU was the number one mathematical center in the world - it was recognized, I studied, finished - the main professors from the Zhukovsky Academy and others read lectures. That is, they were professionally trained there.
In connection with this, I will make a proposal below, but now I would like to say from experience about two theses.
As for additional tests. We are the only university in Russia, a university that enjoys the right of additional testing, according to the law, supported by you, Vladimir Vladimirovich. Two universities have the right, but so far only one enjoys - Moscow University. What it is? Of course, this is a test in a specific direction: where a person is going to go - either math, or physics, or humanitarian some kind of science. It must be absolutely objective, in writing, and the tasks are the best professors of our university, because you need to test a person for the ability to continue working.
Experience has shown that additional tests objectively cover all other indicators of further study, and I am an ardent supporter of having additional tests. But it should be only in leading universities. And nevertheless any difficult system is not controlled by one parameter. Along with additional testing, I would take into account other results - what we are doing: this is a victory in olympiads, creativity and, probably, elements of testing. You can not leave school: we must consider what was in school. It is possible that over time, we will supplement the Unified State Exam with other indicators, for example, with an average score for all the time at school. This is also an objective indicator of the student.
Thus, I think that for the leading military universities and academies, this is a very positive proposal by Sergei Kuzhugetovich, and I would support him, based on my own experience.
The second is our own programs. Here we must be careful, our own programs should not be divorced from general basic education. And so we have our own standards and programs, but they are necessarily higher than the “average for the hospital.” That is, we necessarily absorb them: we must give everything that is average, and then we need to build a superstructure above it. Moreover, the danger is as follows: sometimes one's own standard is understood as the addition of something so small, narrow, and loading to the limit. And I think that our own standard is just the possibility of interdisciplinary training, so that a specialist looks more broadly at the world, at technology, at society. This is the main task of our own standard: do not delve into a specialization where you can drown, namely the interdisciplinary aspect. And in this sense, this is a neat question, you can use it, but for leading universities, I agree here.
And I have a bold offer - what I started with. Vladimir Vladimirovich, what if you try issuing double diplomas at this stage? What I mean? There are specialties that can only be mastered together: for example, information security. It is clear that such training should be based on very modern scientific and educational centers. For example, robotics, including medical robotics, is very important in a military environment, when a robot replaces a nurse, and so on. For example, rare languages: Arabic, Oriental. You can continue this list.
There are not many centers capable of cooking in these areas. Or maybe, on instructions, we would think about how to accurately organize training of specially selected groups, military academies, joint training with several leading universities: Baumanka, Moscow State University ... And we could build training so that it would not harm the basic educational process of any schools , neither here, but a graduate would receive two diplomas: schools and academies, and a civil university. I'm not talking about the benefits that this diploma will bring to the “citizen” when an officer finishes his service for one reason or another, and he will have a civil diploma from a leading university in Russia in some promising direction.
Today was shown the class of management of the fight. After all, there, besides mathematics, computer science, programming, there are elements of serious management, that is, it is a science. This is also our joint theme.
Therefore, if you were to instruct, we could think over this idea of double degrees of civil and military universities.
Thank you.
V.PUTIN: Viktor Antonovich, I don’t even know, to be angry with you or thank you, because I just wanted to talk about it now, and you said everything for me. True, I will be honest, did not think of double degrees.
But what I wanted to say: we all know well - and I spoke, and the Minister spoke today, colleagues, when they spoke, - modern and prospective ways of conducting armed struggle become more complex. This is primarily due to the use of modern information systems, space systems, is associated with intelligence, and this is also directly connected with computer science, with the most complex technology and its maintenance. In general, today, and in the future for sure, armed struggle will increasingly take on an intellectual character, and in the end this may turn into no clash between people on the battlefield, but will be very similar to computer games with minimal human losses. it will be a war of technology. If it will be. I wish there was no armed struggle at all, but in principle it goes precisely to such systems.
Therefore, we, firstly, need to recruit graduates of civilian higher educational institutions of relevant specialties to serve in the Armed Forces. And if this is possible, if the rector of Moscow State University considers it possible to build work and bring the matter to the issuance of double diplomas, this is highly interesting, promising and, I think, it needs to be implemented. Anyway, it needs to be tried.
And finally, the second part, which I wanted to mention, concerns the future employment of officers who complete military service. If they have the skills and knowledge that they can apply to the “citizen”, this is a very significant, very important part of education, when a person will feel confident in military service and in civilian activities. And the most important thing is that it will increase the quality of training.
I hope that this will meet today's requirements and tomorrow. So thank you for these suggestions.
Please, Dmitry Viktorovich.
D.LIVANOVA: I would like to make a few comments and comments.
We consider military education as an integral part of the Russian education system, a very important part. And it is important that the system of military higher educational institutions closely cooperated with the system of civilian higher education institutions, that there was mutual enrichment, there was an exchange of experience, and best pedagogical practices, because this is precisely what will ensure the fundamentality and high level of military education that has always been characteristic of it.
Therefore, together with colleagues from the Ministry of Defense, we are ready to promote the creation of educational consortia that would implement such network educational programs. This is exactly what you said when a program is formed from modules, and universities each are responsible for the module in which it is strongest. MSU may be responsible for training in computer science, mathematics, physics, and so on. Naturally, military universities will be responsible for their core units in this program. Our modern legislation on education provides such opportunities.
The next thing I would like to say: today, for the first time in our legislative practice, the military education system has received very wide opportunities. Features of the implementation of educational programs and activities of educational organizations that train personnel in the interests of the defense and security of the state are established by law. We are working very closely with colleagues from the Ministry of Defense in developing the sub-law base in order to fully implement these opportunities in practice. Here we support the provision to the leading educational organizations of the Ministry of Defense of the right to approve and implement independently established educational standards - I emphasize the word “leading” - bearing in mind also that universities of the Ministry of Defense implement unique educational programs on the so-called closed analogues of open specialties when there is an open educational standard, but in fact a unique educational program is being implemented, which does not fully comply with it, but contains digged part.
Here it is very important that the higher education institutions of the Ministry of Defense have the opportunity to implement such programs so that they have the opportunity to experiment, to look for some new ways of training officers. In this, we certainly support our colleagues.
I ask you to give us the opportunity to further develop the issue of additional tests for admission to military specialties and directions. Naturally, we understand that if we are talking about the tests of physical, psychological readiness, the motivation of applicants, this is still the case today. As for additional tests in general educational subjects: mathematics, physics, computer science, social studies, and so on - we would ask for additional time to work out the feasibility of this issue.
If, nevertheless, we believe that our single exam system adequately assesses the educational achievements of schoolchildren, then we need to use these results, of course, especially since we plan very serious changes to the single exam meaningfully and technologically in order to make it more honest. transparent and adequate.
Here we need, Vladimir Vladimirovich, time for preparation and study.
V.PUTIN: Good.
Dear friends, colleagues, comrades officers.
What I would like to say at the conclusion of our meeting: we face huge tasks in modernizing the army and navy, this is one of the strategic tasks for the coming decades. I think that you, the people of the military, do not need to explain that without a modern army, a state cannot develop effectively and feel independent, independent and sovereign.
I have already said, and you also know this very well, about the increasing complexity of the forms and methods of the armed struggle. This is due to modern technology and modern technology. But without people who are willing to work on this technique, they are ready to fight, use it - everything is just iron. Therefore, you face a huge task related to the modernization of the Armed Forces.
I want to end our meeting with the words with which I began: training is the foundation of the development of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
I count on you very much, on your dedication, on your talent, on creativity, on your energy and on your experience. From you, I repeat once again, very much depends. We will work together, we will improve everything that has been achieved so far, we will go forward.
Of course, the proposals that have now been voiced will be taken into account when preparing the document following our today's meeting.
V.PUTIN: Good afternoon, dear colleagues.
Today we will talk about the development of domestic higher military education. First of all, it is about how, based on the accumulated experience, the traditions of the army high school, to ensure the qualitative growth of its potential.
The system of higher military education, I recall, has existed in Russia for more than three centuries. Back in 1689, the Military Engineering School was opened in Moscow. But, the truth, the Naval School established by Peter I in 1701 began the formation of a network of higher military educational institutions.
We all understand well that the system of higher military education, the training of officers, is undoubtedly the foundation of the Armed Forces. And it should be reliable, durable, meeting the requirements of time and calculated, which is very important, for the future.
By the way, according to our military experts, who were made immediately after the end of World War II, the causes of many of the failures of 1941 – 1942 were related to the problems of military education in the pre-war years.
Many of you probably already know this, but I’ll read you a statement that is stored in the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense. This is an extract from the report of the Office of Universities. This report was made in 1946, that is, immediately after the end of World War II. Then the specialists of that time, all themselves, of course, the participants of the Great Patriotic War, wrote in their report: “The organizational leapfrog in the system of military schools to the beginning of the war, the lack of thoughtful prospects for the development of the network and the capacity of schools, the failure of the officer reserve plans - all this created a number of serious difficulties, especially in the early years of the war. " We must not forget these hard lessons.
Recently, we have seriously updated the system of higher military education, including the organization and content of training. Now they are based on new federal state standards and qualification requirements. All this is an integral part of the work on the formation of the modern look of the Armed Forces. And this important work needs to be consistently continued, to set up military education for the long-term tasks of military construction.
In this regard, I will outline several priorities.
The first. Already in the 2014 year, it is necessary to complete the optimization of the very network of military higher educational institutions, which I just mentioned in the 1946 reference of the year I quoted. It is necessary to bring this network in compliance with the parameters of the personnel order of the Armed Forces and other law enforcement agencies. The Ministry of Defense has approved such a network. At the same time, I consider it fundamentally important to preserve a number of military academies as independent educational institutions. You know what it is about. Decisions, in principle, have already been taken. These are the Mikhailovsky Artillery Academy, the Military Academy of Army Air Defense, the Academy of Aerospace Defense, the Academy of Radiation, Chemical and Biological Defense.
As for the training of officers in new specialties, it is advisable to conduct it on the basis of existing universities, where there is a necessary base. It is hardly advisable to create additional higher education institutions for this purpose, especially since tradition in military education is especially important.
And of course, it is necessary to plan the development of the system of higher military education for the long term. Therefore, I ask the Ministry of Defense, together with the departments concerned, to submit proposals in March next year on further improvement of the military education system for the period up to 2020.
The second direction is the improvement of the quality of officer training. I will note that for the first time, the new law “On Education” granted military schools and security agencies sufficiently wide powers in the educational process. We need them skillfully dispose of.
What I mean. It is, for example, the right to establish qualification requirements for military professional and special training of graduates, to determine a list of information to be placed in open information and telecommunication networks, to establish features for the organization and implementation of educational, methodical and scientific activities, and so on and so forth.
Graduates of military universities should be ready to solve the most complex tasks. And for this you need to run the most effective educational programs, constantly analyze how graduates serve in the military, what knowledge and skills they learn in schools and academies, they use, and which remain unclaimed. On this basis, it is necessary to promptly adjust curricula, improve teaching technologies, introduce everything new in our country and abroad into the learning process, take into account in training potential changes in the nature of the armed struggle.
Again, back to the start of the war, you certainly know this better than I do. High schools taught trench warfare. And when did these tank wedges at the beginning of the war, the picture changed dramatically not in our favor, which, in fact, is said in this certificate in 1946. And we, and you know the features of modern combat, and the prospects for the development of possible options for conducting armed struggle in the medium and long term. You certainly know how the modern armed struggle is being waged, by what, most importantly, forces and means, which means what methods you need to apply during this armed struggle, how you need to prepare people for it. Quite different things are already compared to the period of the Great Patriotic War.
In addition, such an analysis will help determine what types of weapons, military equipment and simulators you need for the future. Listeners and cadets should master not only today's weapons and equipment, but also promising ones that will go to the troops in the coming years.
More about one important point. The prestige of military education and the interest in it are largely due to the fact that it has always been fundamental, not inferior to civilian, and even surpassed it in certain areas. Perhaps, the rector of Moscow State University will argue with me, but the tradition in Russia was just that. It is necessary to further encourage the spirit of competition and healthy competition with civilian universities. This year, for the first time, students of leading civilian universities took part in the All-Army Olympiads. This practice certainly needs to be continued.
At 2014, the year is scheduled to hold competitions in an international format with the involvement of specialists, students, cadets of military schools, primarily from the CIS countries.
The third is the development of the scientific potential of military universities. It is certainly significant. Most military theorists, researchers, analysts work precisely in military schools. In high schools there are more than 400 scientific schools. This is a huge potential. 1 600 doctors and more 8 100 PhDs. This is more than 70 percent of the total scientific potential of the Ministry of Defense. I think that this issue should be given the closest attention. Especially since next year we will need to start forming a system of promising military research.
And finally, the fourth is the expansion of international cooperation in the field of training military personnel. Here we have a wealth of experience. Suffice to say that over the past 70 years, more than 280 thousands of foreign military personnel from 108 states have been trained in our military schools.
In their countries, they occupied and occupy high posts both in the military departments and in the civil service, and are among the top leaders of the state. Among them are presidents and premieres. And this is another convincing evidence of the quality of our higher military education.
Now 5500 military personnel from 43 states is learning from us, first of all, of course, from countries that are our strategic allies in the CSTO and the CIS, as well as from other states. We need to look for new incentives to attract foreigners to our military schools, offer advanced training programs for specialists, and also prepare military technical personnel. All this is important both from the point of view of the development of cooperation in the area of military-technical cooperation, and for strengthening Russia's influence in the world.
Let's talk about this in more detail.
Speech to the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation Sergey Shoigu Sergei Kuzhugetovich. You are welcome.
S.SHOYGU: Comrade Supreme Commander! Dear comrades!
The military education system is the most important tool for forming the personnel potential of the Armed Forces. Therefore, its development has been and remains a priority in our work. Large-scale re-equipment of the army and fleet sets the system of military education to train specialists capable of skillfully applying new weapons and military equipment.
Recently, a lot has been done in this direction. Recreated military education management system. Military schools have been returned to the subordination of the commanders-in-chief of the types and commanders of the arms of service, the leaders of the central military administration bodies. This made it possible to ensure the direct participation of customers in the training of officers, in resolving issues related to the training and education of officers, improving the training and material base, as well as increasing their responsibility for the quality of training.
The network of higher military educational institutions is brought in line with the parameters of the personnel order. The Mikhailovsky Military Artillery Academy, the Military Academy of Air Defense, the Military Academy of Aerospace Defense were saved, the Ryazan Higher Airborne and the Tyumen Higher Military Engineering and Command Schools were reinstated as independent universities, and the branch of the Air Force Academy - the Chelyabinsk Higher Military - was re-establishedaviation school navigators. Currently, there are 18 universities and 15 branches. They provide the current and future needs of the army and navy in the training of military personnel. The recruitment of students and cadets was resumed, taking into account the supply of arms and military equipment to the troops, as well as the formation of new formations and military units. In the interests of the Ministry of Defense this year, about 15 thousand cadets were recruited for the first courses of universities. Training is planned for all necessary military specialties. In high-tech engineering specialties related to the operation of robotic systems and other highly intelligent systems, the training of personnel officers in leading civilian universities of the country has been organized. This year 2,5 thousand people were recruited. Measures were taken to increase the level of training of military personnel, the main criterion for assessing the quality of training, the ability to act professionally in real combat situations was determined.
In the military academies and universities for officers again introduced two-year training programs. It is important to note that they are based on new federal state educational standards, in the development of which the Ministry of Education and Science assisted us. Taking this opportunity, I want to thank Dmitry Livanov for constructive joint work.
Much has been done to preserve the scientific potential of military schools. Today, over 66 percent of teachers and scientists of military universities are doctors and candidates of science. At the moment, more than 70 percent of scientists of the Ministry of Defense are serving and working in military schools.
16 federal state standards were developed for the preparation of scientific and pedagogical personnel, promising topics for candidate and doctoral dissertations were approved. It is based on priority aspects of the development of forms and methods of armed struggle, the improvement of weapons and military equipment, the creation and combat use of robotic systems and unmanned vehicles. In general, we can say that the current system of military education meets the needs of the army and navy for military personnel. Its further development will be carried out simultaneously with the construction and technical re-equipment of the Armed Forces. Today, the Ministry of Defense is implementing the following key areas of work.
First, we continue to improve the quality of training officers. The basis for the adjustment of training programs for students and cadets will be the results of hearings, graduates' official work, as well as exercises and training of troops. They will spend a significant part of their training time on military internships and in field exits, in training centers and on training grounds. The share of studies using computer modeling will increase. This will allow students to develop sustainable skills in planning, organizing and conducting combat operations, as well as their comprehensive support. The holding of competitions and competitions in military specialties, which from the beginning of this academic year are foreseen by the plans of the Ministry of Defense, will have a significant impact on improving the quality of officer training.
Secondly, we pay special attention to improving the level of training of the teaching staff. Already today, military educators are necessarily involved in the activities of daily and combat operational training. Internships in the troops and at the enterprises of the military-industrial complex have become one of the main areas of work to improve the skills of military teachers. The alternation of service in the university with the service in the bodies of military administration, military units and scientific organizations will also contribute to the improvement of their practical skills.
In addition, we are significantly expanding our interaction with leading civil universities. The advanced achievements of pedagogical science will be actively introduced into the activities of the higher military school.
Thirdly, we are actively improving the educational and material base of military schools. New models of weapons and military equipment, modern training equipment is primarily supplied to universities. Currently this issue is taken under tight control.
Dear Vladimir Vladimirovich, a comprehensive analysis of the military education system shows that efficiency can be improved if a number of conditions are met. First of all, it is necessary to work out the issue of returning the status of independent educational organizations to military schools. Experience has shown that with a branch system, the efficiency of management is reduced, current issues are resolved through the main institution of higher education, which, as a rule, is located thousands of kilometers away. This issue will be particularly acute during the threatened period, when each branch must switch to a wartime state and deploy military training that exceeds the peacetime requirements several times. The filial system is not designed for this.
It is proposed to correct the situation. Today, it has everything you need. This will not require additional staffing or additional financial resources. The number of variable staff has increased in the branches, training centers for training junior specialists have been established, the nomenclature of specialties has been expanded, and military personnel have been trained in secondary vocational education programs. In this regard, I consider it expedient to return to branches the status of independent educational organizations, to reconstruct the historically established typology of military universities, academies, universities and colleges, and also to return them state awards and honorary names, which, in fact, was done according to your decision. Ryazan Airborne School.
One more question, the solution of which directly affects the quality of the training of cadets. Today, sudden inspections of troops, military and naval exercises of various scale and levels have become regular. This is not only a test of the readiness and ability of the troops to perform combat tasks, but also a tool for developing optimal methods of conducting combat operations, effective use of weapons and military equipment, and the search for new management solutions. Only in this way will we be able to prepare a military specialist capable of acting in any conditions and setting.
At the same time, the framework of federal state standards does not allow military schools to promptly introduce promising developments in the military, engineering and technology in the educational process. Making the necessary changes to the standards takes time, over which new knowledge loses its relevance. In this regard, it is proposed to give military universities the right to develop and approve educational standards on their own. Today, Moscow and St. Petersburg State Universities have such a right, as well as universities, the list of which is approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation.
Providing a similar right to leading military universities will expand their capabilities in shaping the content of training, will ensure the required level of professional training for officers, and will strengthen the practical component of the educational process. At the same time, the responsibility of universities for the quality of training of specialists will increase, as well as their ability to take up duties in the army as soon as possible.
The experience of enrolling cadets in higher education shows that additional entrance examinations allow for better selection of candidates. So, for future engineers, it is proposed to introduce an exam in physics, for specialists at RCBZ - in chemistry, for military doctors - in biology. At the initial stage, this will make it possible for applicants to identify not only the ability to master complex and expensive military equipment, but also the motivation to receive a specific military specialty.
Finally, another proposal, it concerns the development of the educational and material base of universities. As part of the activities of the program of the Ministry of Defense until 2020, programs for the development of universities have been adopted. Their implementation will allow to put in order the infrastructure and funds of universities, it is advisable to build up the field, field training and laboratory facilities and training facilities of military schools.
Comrade Supreme Commander! The system of military education is in the single educational field of our state. It has a rich, more than three centuries history. Much has changed during this time, but the main task has remained unchanged - the training of military professionals, the readiness to defend the Motherland and their people. In order to further develop the system of military education and capacity building, I ask you to support our proposals and initiatives.
Thank you for attention.
V.PUTIN: Does this mean developing standards for leading universities and introducing additional entrance exams for them? And that it will not undermine the common foundations, but, on the contrary, will give the opportunity to choose for the military universities those cadres that are needed specifically for this service, for the military?
S.SHOYGU: Yes. And here, Vladimir Vladimirovich, I would like to clarify. For us too expensive - for the state and for the Ministry of Defense - the consequences of such a massive reception according to the results of the USE. We are receiving them. They have field gatherings. Then we dress them, put on shoes, and put them on allowances. And they stand on that - once half a year, and once a year. And only when we find out that they can really serve, such a majority is really, then we, of course, have every opportunity to continue working with them. And before that, we bear such costs.
V.PUTIN: Thank.
Anatoly G., Ryazan Higher Airborne School. You are welcome.
A.KONTSEVOY: Comrade Supreme Commander!
Throughout almost the entire history of military education, military academies and military schools were assigned full responsibility for the quality of military training. To solve these problems there were all the necessary capabilities and powers. At present, this has been preserved only by independent military schools.
Unfortunately, as part of the optimization, the number of universities was reduced, the number was transformed into branches. At the same time, the cost of their maintenance has not changed. The organizational structure remained identical to military schools. In addition, the accession of military schools to the head universities took place on the basis of territorial proximity and adjacent educational programs. At the same time, the branches lost their independence in solving issues of daily activities and efficiency of solving current problems.
It happened with the Ryazan Airborne School, which became part of the Combined Arms Academy of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The customer of training military personnel — the command of the Airborne Forces — did not have a direct impact on the content of training, staffing with the teaching staff, difficulties in material and technical support, ensuring the educational process, and organizing practical training for cadets appeared. All questions had to be solved through the Main Command of the Ground Forces, to which the Academy is subordinate, and this time: accordingly, the efficiency of solving problems decreased.
Another important point. Despite the fact that we were a branch, we were still called the Ryazan Airborne School. By the way, still schools are called branches and other universities. Today the historical name is Ryazan Higher Airborne Command School named after Army General V.F. Margelov - again became the official name of the school. At the suggestion of the Minister of Defense in June of this year, the Government of the Russian Federation returned to the school the status of an independent educational organization. The advantages of independence are obvious. First of all, it is the preservation of traditions that are very significant for us. The decision to return the historic and recognizable name of the university put a wide positive response among the paratroopers in the veteran environment, among the youth - our future, potential candidates. Believe that the words "branch" and "institute" for the military high school sound scary.
Today, the university is returning to the traditional command and control structure of the military school, there is an increase in the teaching staff, primarily at the expense of military personnel with rich combat experience. In addition, my personal responsibility as the head of the school for solving the whole complex of issues related to the training of professional military personnel, the education of the cadets of the airborne spirit and traditions, has significantly increased. Direct subordination of the school to the commander of the Airborne Forces allowed to quickly resolve issues of sending cadets and teachers to the troops to participate in combat and operational training activities. I think that this question is also relevant for other branches today.
Thank you.
V.PUTIN: Thank you very much.
Military Diplomatic Academy. Vladimir Dmitrievich, please.
V.KUZMICHEV: Comrade Supreme Commander!
The new federal law on education in the Russian Federation has granted the right to leading universities of the country - Moscow, Leningrad universities, the name of Bauman and others - independently develop and approve educational standards. This practice seems appropriate to extend to leading military universities. This will have a positive impact on the quality of training of military specialists, as it will allow to promptly make changes in the content of training, taking into account changes or the emergence of new forms and methods of armed struggle, the introduction of advanced technologies in the troop control system and weaponsand also take into account the peculiarities of training military personnel.
Moreover, this authority provides an opportunity to promptly correct training issues, taking into account the emergence of new threats to the national security of the Russian Federation, changes in the development of the armed forces of foreign countries, the adoption of new types of weapons and military equipment, as well as the experience of exercises, maneuvers, sudden inspections of troops of various sizes.
Therefore, it is important that, together with the customers of training, these are the commanders-in-chief of the types, the commanders of the arms of service, the heads of the main directorates, to determine what needs to be taught to students and cadets for the actual needs of the troops. We understand that with this approach we will have the additional responsibility for the independent development of standards and the training of officers. We are ready for this. As before, we are ready for comprehensive monitoring of the activities of universities by Rosobrnadzor both in the course of licensing educational activities and in checking the level of training of students and cadets at various stages of training. Ultimately, training in standards developed by universities and approved by the Ministry of Defense will help increase trust in universities, will provide training for qualified specialists who are capable of implementing the competences formed during training in modern conditions and environments.
A few words about the additional entrance examinations. Yes, today, when we enroll in our universities, we check physical fitness, state of health, conduct a professional psychological selection to determine the motivation for military service, and also carry out an inspection for admission to work with secret documents. But this, we believe, is not enough. Available developments show that approaches to the definition of additional tests should be differentiated and depend on the chosen profession and the specialization of the officer. For command universities this can be social studies, mathematics, computer science; for technical - physics; for specialists in the operation of space vehicles - physics or astronomy. There is also the experience of mandatory testing of applicants in academic subjects.
Comrade Supreme Commander! Providing opportunities for leading military universities to independently develop and approve educational standards, to conduct additional entrance tests will allow officers to be trained who are able to withstand modern challenges and threats to the national security of the state at the highest level.
Report completed.
V.PUTIN: Thank you very much.
Air Force Academy. Gennady Vasilyevich, please.
G. ZIBROV: Comrade Supreme Commander!
The main and main task of military universities is the training of highly qualified officers. The quality of their training depends on many factors, which together affect the formation of the officer’s personality and, of course, his professional skills. Of course, the result of our work depends primarily on the skill level of the teaching staff and the state of the teaching and material base.
Let me use the example of the Air Force Academy to report on some aspects of our work experience.
The faculty of the Academy today has a high level of both military training and scientific qualifications, 74 percent are doctors and candidates of science. The situation is similar in most other universities of the Ministry of Defense. Our teachers have a rich combat experience, experience of command-staff and educational work, and with the tasks that are assigned to them, cope, and cope in the future successfully.
Comrade Supreme Commander! The top priority for us today is the issue of compliance of the educational material base with the requirements of today. The relevance of this issue has now significantly increased due to the fact that the troops began to receive very intensively the latest modern military equipment and weapons. We understand that combat systems that are even more difficult to operate and use will be delivered to the troops before the 2020 of the year and for the future of the 2030 – 2050. Under these conditions, the principle of advancing the development of the educational and material base should be fundamental in the basis of the activities of universities. Knowledge and practical skills of graduates directly depend on this.
Today, in fact, at this stage this is what happens. The Su-34, Yak-130, Mi-28, Ka-52 helicopters were sent to the Air Force Academy to study. I would also like to note that in parallel with the supply of new equipment, simulators are also being received for training both flight and engineering staff. And the complex receives computer classes, which allow us to provide trainees with the appropriate software for these types of aircraft. Also comes the technique and for training in other specialties of training, in particular electronic warfare. Specialists are also trained at the academy.
A very interesting project, which today is approved by the scientific and pedagogical staff of universities, is that individual prototypes of equipment that have successfully passed state tests and troop tests are being transferred. And it allows us today to train officers, looking ahead for a few years.
In the implementation of educational programs, we focus on training and practical training specifically on armaments and military equipment, which substantially increases the efficiency of both flight practice and the overall improvement of the quality of training in all specialties. In this issue, we work in close relationship with the enterprises of the military-industrial complex. Scientists of the Academy participate in the development of new training systems and complexes, in carrying out research and development and research work, as well as in testing new types of weapons and military equipment directly at the test site. By the way, the staff of a scientific company, which was formed at the academy just a few months ago and already gives very good results in its activities, is to a large extent involved in this work.
A priority in the development of the teaching and material base in the near future will be the creation of scientific experimental laboratory and production complexes in military universities. Such tasks by the Minister of Defense have been set for us, and we have begun to implement them.
Comrade Supreme Commander, during the implementation of the federal target program “Reforming the system of military education in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2010,” such problems facing us at that time were resolved and resolved quite successfully. This allowed us to bring the educational and material base of universities to a qualitatively new level of development, to create modern living conditions for students and cadets, a sports base, and many other issues were also resolved.
However, life does not stand still, and at present, it is objectively necessary to implement a new program for the development of each military educational institution as a whole, to further improve the educational and material base of the entire military education system. We are ready to perform new tasks. I say this on behalf of all the heads of universities who are present here.
The report is finished.
V.PUTIN: Thank.
Please colleagues, who would like to add something? Victor Antonovich, please.
V.SADOVNICHY: Thank you, Vladimir Vladimirovich.
Vladimir Vladimirovich, I just wanted to agree with you: You said that in the best years, fundamental education and science, even in classical universities, were supported by specialists working in military schools or academies. In 60 – 70, when MSU was the number one mathematical center in the world - it was recognized, I studied, finished - the main professors from the Zhukovsky Academy and others read lectures. That is, they were professionally trained there.
In connection with this, I will make a proposal below, but now I would like to say from experience about two theses.
As for additional tests. We are the only university in Russia, a university that enjoys the right of additional testing, according to the law, supported by you, Vladimir Vladimirovich. Two universities have the right, but so far only one enjoys - Moscow University. What it is? Of course, this is a test in a specific direction: where a person is going to go - either math, or physics, or humanitarian some kind of science. It must be absolutely objective, in writing, and the tasks are the best professors of our university, because you need to test a person for the ability to continue working.
Experience has shown that additional tests objectively cover all other indicators of further study, and I am an ardent supporter of having additional tests. But it should be only in leading universities. And nevertheless any difficult system is not controlled by one parameter. Along with additional testing, I would take into account other results - what we are doing: this is a victory in olympiads, creativity and, probably, elements of testing. You can not leave school: we must consider what was in school. It is possible that over time, we will supplement the Unified State Exam with other indicators, for example, with an average score for all the time at school. This is also an objective indicator of the student.
Thus, I think that for the leading military universities and academies, this is a very positive proposal by Sergei Kuzhugetovich, and I would support him, based on my own experience.
The second is our own programs. Here we must be careful, our own programs should not be divorced from general basic education. And so we have our own standards and programs, but they are necessarily higher than the “average for the hospital.” That is, we necessarily absorb them: we must give everything that is average, and then we need to build a superstructure above it. Moreover, the danger is as follows: sometimes one's own standard is understood as the addition of something so small, narrow, and loading to the limit. And I think that our own standard is just the possibility of interdisciplinary training, so that a specialist looks more broadly at the world, at technology, at society. This is the main task of our own standard: do not delve into a specialization where you can drown, namely the interdisciplinary aspect. And in this sense, this is a neat question, you can use it, but for leading universities, I agree here.
And I have a bold offer - what I started with. Vladimir Vladimirovich, what if you try issuing double diplomas at this stage? What I mean? There are specialties that can only be mastered together: for example, information security. It is clear that such training should be based on very modern scientific and educational centers. For example, robotics, including medical robotics, is very important in a military environment, when a robot replaces a nurse, and so on. For example, rare languages: Arabic, Oriental. You can continue this list.
There are not many centers capable of cooking in these areas. Or maybe, on instructions, we would think about how to accurately organize training of specially selected groups, military academies, joint training with several leading universities: Baumanka, Moscow State University ... And we could build training so that it would not harm the basic educational process of any schools , neither here, but a graduate would receive two diplomas: schools and academies, and a civil university. I'm not talking about the benefits that this diploma will bring to the “citizen” when an officer finishes his service for one reason or another, and he will have a civil diploma from a leading university in Russia in some promising direction.
Today was shown the class of management of the fight. After all, there, besides mathematics, computer science, programming, there are elements of serious management, that is, it is a science. This is also our joint theme.
Therefore, if you were to instruct, we could think over this idea of double degrees of civil and military universities.
Thank you.
V.PUTIN: Viktor Antonovich, I don’t even know, to be angry with you or thank you, because I just wanted to talk about it now, and you said everything for me. True, I will be honest, did not think of double degrees.
But what I wanted to say: we all know well - and I spoke, and the Minister spoke today, colleagues, when they spoke, - modern and prospective ways of conducting armed struggle become more complex. This is primarily due to the use of modern information systems, space systems, is associated with intelligence, and this is also directly connected with computer science, with the most complex technology and its maintenance. In general, today, and in the future for sure, armed struggle will increasingly take on an intellectual character, and in the end this may turn into no clash between people on the battlefield, but will be very similar to computer games with minimal human losses. it will be a war of technology. If it will be. I wish there was no armed struggle at all, but in principle it goes precisely to such systems.
Therefore, we, firstly, need to recruit graduates of civilian higher educational institutions of relevant specialties to serve in the Armed Forces. And if this is possible, if the rector of Moscow State University considers it possible to build work and bring the matter to the issuance of double diplomas, this is highly interesting, promising and, I think, it needs to be implemented. Anyway, it needs to be tried.
And finally, the second part, which I wanted to mention, concerns the future employment of officers who complete military service. If they have the skills and knowledge that they can apply to the “citizen”, this is a very significant, very important part of education, when a person will feel confident in military service and in civilian activities. And the most important thing is that it will increase the quality of training.
I hope that this will meet today's requirements and tomorrow. So thank you for these suggestions.
Please, Dmitry Viktorovich.
D.LIVANOVA: I would like to make a few comments and comments.
We consider military education as an integral part of the Russian education system, a very important part. And it is important that the system of military higher educational institutions closely cooperated with the system of civilian higher education institutions, that there was mutual enrichment, there was an exchange of experience, and best pedagogical practices, because this is precisely what will ensure the fundamentality and high level of military education that has always been characteristic of it.
Therefore, together with colleagues from the Ministry of Defense, we are ready to promote the creation of educational consortia that would implement such network educational programs. This is exactly what you said when a program is formed from modules, and universities each are responsible for the module in which it is strongest. MSU may be responsible for training in computer science, mathematics, physics, and so on. Naturally, military universities will be responsible for their core units in this program. Our modern legislation on education provides such opportunities.
The next thing I would like to say: today, for the first time in our legislative practice, the military education system has received very wide opportunities. Features of the implementation of educational programs and activities of educational organizations that train personnel in the interests of the defense and security of the state are established by law. We are working very closely with colleagues from the Ministry of Defense in developing the sub-law base in order to fully implement these opportunities in practice. Here we support the provision to the leading educational organizations of the Ministry of Defense of the right to approve and implement independently established educational standards - I emphasize the word “leading” - bearing in mind also that universities of the Ministry of Defense implement unique educational programs on the so-called closed analogues of open specialties when there is an open educational standard, but in fact a unique educational program is being implemented, which does not fully comply with it, but contains digged part.
Here it is very important that the higher education institutions of the Ministry of Defense have the opportunity to implement such programs so that they have the opportunity to experiment, to look for some new ways of training officers. In this, we certainly support our colleagues.
I ask you to give us the opportunity to further develop the issue of additional tests for admission to military specialties and directions. Naturally, we understand that if we are talking about the tests of physical, psychological readiness, the motivation of applicants, this is still the case today. As for additional tests in general educational subjects: mathematics, physics, computer science, social studies, and so on - we would ask for additional time to work out the feasibility of this issue.
If, nevertheless, we believe that our single exam system adequately assesses the educational achievements of schoolchildren, then we need to use these results, of course, especially since we plan very serious changes to the single exam meaningfully and technologically in order to make it more honest. transparent and adequate.
Here we need, Vladimir Vladimirovich, time for preparation and study.
V.PUTIN: Good.
Dear friends, colleagues, comrades officers.
What I would like to say at the conclusion of our meeting: we face huge tasks in modernizing the army and navy, this is one of the strategic tasks for the coming decades. I think that you, the people of the military, do not need to explain that without a modern army, a state cannot develop effectively and feel independent, independent and sovereign.
I have already said, and you also know this very well, about the increasing complexity of the forms and methods of the armed struggle. This is due to modern technology and modern technology. But without people who are willing to work on this technique, they are ready to fight, use it - everything is just iron. Therefore, you face a huge task related to the modernization of the Armed Forces.
I want to end our meeting with the words with which I began: training is the foundation of the development of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
I count on you very much, on your dedication, on your talent, on creativity, on your energy and on your experience. From you, I repeat once again, very much depends. We will work together, we will improve everything that has been achieved so far, we will go forward.
Of course, the proposals that have now been voiced will be taken into account when preparing the document following our today's meeting.
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