Russia's neighbors in the east
Part two. Comparison of the Russian Federation with its neighbors (southeast - east)
В previous section I reviewed some aspects of the development of the dynamics of Russia and our most powerful neighbors in Europe and the Middle East over the past 20 years.
I will leave an array of conclusions on these parameters for the third article of the cycle - today we will talk about our southeastern and eastern neighbors.
After listening to the suggestions of readers and agreeing with a number of them, I decided to somewhat expand the format of numbers in this article - I removed something, replaced something. Also, wherever, in my opinion, it is interesting, I will indicate hyperlinks to the data, and if the links are not indicated, the information is taken from the sources at the end of the article.
In view of the expansion of the format, it is worth supplementing the statistics for the Russian Federation that appear in the last article.
RF
GDP at PPP (hereinafter - P) 2000 - $ 1 billion GDP (nominal, hereinafter - N) - $ 635,3 billion
GDP (P) 2020 - $4 billion, GDP (N) - $096 billion
Demography 18-30: ~24 million people. (approximately equal number of men and women).
Productivity - from 25,1 to 30 dollars per hour (hereinafter, labor productivity reflects the volume of GDP generated by each worker for one hour of work, at current prices, at PPP).
Inflation ruble from 2000 to 2020 - 585,82% (Calculator. Alternative Calculator. Exact values by years).
Tourism income (hereinafter only international tourism) - $ 17,67 billion.
Cultural spending (2020) – 144 rubles (culture and cinematography) - of which 127,9 billion rubles (~1,8 billion dollars) for culture, 11,9 billion rubles. (~0,2 billion dollars) for cinema, 0,5 billion rubles. (~$80 million) for cultural research. Total ~$2,1 billion
Area - 17 km² (especially for bookworms - the author has no idea with or without Crimea).
China (PRC)
The population of China in 2000 is 1,2 billion people, in 2020 - 1,424 billion people.
On the part of some international institutions, there is a certain distrust of all kinds of statistics from the PRC, including demographics. There are opposing opinions - some believe that the PRC underestimates the number of its population, others - that it overestimates. One way or another, these numbers are impressive, as is the growth over 20 years.
The UN population forecast for 2030 is 1,441 billion people, for 2050 - 1,364 billion people. Thus, the UN believes that the population of China will stabilize as a minimum, and as a maximum, it will begin to decrease.
Demography 18–30 (the author extrapolated similar data for the Russian Federation (0–15 versus 18–30) – and if the ratio is correct (0–15 is 10–15% more than 18–30) – about 240 million people aged 18-30 in the total specified sample (from 14 to 64 years old - 1,06 billion people) Within the sample, there is an approximately equal number of men and women, with a slight preponderance (~ 8%) towards men.
GDP at PPP 2000 - $3 billion (GDP (H) -$660,7 billion), in 1 - $205,5 billion (GDP (H) - $2020 billion .
Productivity - there are no clear figures for this parameter in Runet, a very rough estimate is given by a comparison of the known ratios in the table - ~15–18 USD/hour.
Inflation 2001-2020 - 57,28%.
Over the past three years, there have been some trends in the slowdown in GDP growth (but this is still the kind of growth that can only be envied).
defense spending in 2000 - 52,179 billion dollars, in 2020 - 252 billion dollars (1,7% of GDP). The funds available to China are huge, its budget is not transparent, and its statistics are controlled by the CCP. The growth of the PRC military budget is increasing every year.
Citizen science spending in 2000 - 89 billion dollars, in 2020 - 400 billion dollars (or 2,5% of GDP (N). Figures as a percentage of the state budget for science are steadily growing.
Armed Forces in 2000 ~2,5 million people, in 2020 - 3,5 million people. It is difficult to estimate the reserve of the PLA, this figure is probably not lower than 20-25 million people.
Import 2009 - $1 trillion, 2020 - $2 billion
Export 2009 - $1 billion, 201 - $2020 billion
average salary for 2020 ~$890.
Tourism income (2020) ~$47 billion.
Area - 9 km².
South Korea
Although South Korea is separated from us by the DPRK, and it can hardly be considered our potential competitor, it is worth considering its potential and economy for reasons that I will mention in the third part of the article.
Population 2000 - 47 million people, in 2020 - 51,5 million people. It can be seen that, despite the limited space, the population of South Korea shows a positive growth trend.
UN forecast for 2030 - 52,7 million people, 2050 - 50,5 million people.
Demography 18-30: ~7–8 million people.
GDP at PPP 2000 - $790 billion (GDP (H) - $576,5 billion, 2020 - $2 billion (GDP (H) - $310 billion) There has been some plateau in the last three years.
Productivity - $42/hour.
Inflation 2001-2020 - 62,08%.
defense spending in 2008 - 28,94 billion dollars, 2020 - 42,7 billion dollars (2,8% of GDP).
Citizen science spending 2000 – very approximately $6 billion, 2020 ~$67 billion In a number of sources there was a figure of 4–4,5% of GDP (H) spending on civilian science and R&D.
Armed Forces stable with some increase: for 2020, this is about 700 thousand people in the ground forces and more than 4 million in the reserve. Given the difficult relationship with the DPRK, in fact, the South Korean army is probably more combat-ready than formally.
Import 2009 - $323 billion, 2020 - $467 billion
Export 2009 - $363 billion, 2020 - $512 billion
Tourism income - $ 26,217 billion.
average salary - 2 900 dollars. However, shock. However, South Korea has a progressive income tax (6–42%), the middle class falls under ~15% and, alas, the author does not know whether this amount is net of taxes or not.
Area - 100 363 km².
Japan
It is worth taking a closer look at this state, so there will be a little more statistical data.
Population 2000 - 125,3 million people, 2020 - 125,9 million people.
UN forecast 2030 - 121,6 million people, 2050 - 108,8 million people.
Demography 18-30: ~18–20 million people.
These figures show that the Japanese islands have been overpopulated for a long time, since, despite the high standard of living, most Asian states show a positive growth trend.
GDP at PPP 2000 - $ 3,4 trillion (GDP (H) - $ 4 billion, in 968,4 - $ 2020 trillion (GDP (H) - $ 5,3 billion) Some plateau since 5.
Productivity - $48,3/hour.
Inflation yen from 2000 to 2020 - 2,14% (yes, the author did not typo). Inflation for 2020 in Japan amounted to 0,027%, in general, until recently, in this country it was possible to observe the reverse process to it, the so-called deflation. Prices for goods and services could decrease over the years.
With defense spending, the Japanese have been shady for quite some time. So, there is a figure of 1% of GDP, but 3,5% also comes across.
defense spending in 2000 ~$42 billion, 2020 - $50 billion. Probably, real defense spending is much higher, and the Japan Self-Defense Forces themselves are increasingly resembling a full-fledged modern army.
Citizen science spending for 2000 ~ 3% of GDP (H), i.e. very approximately about $ 100 billion, 2020 - ~ 3,14% of GDP or about $ 130-150 billion. In the world statistics of government spending on science (in numerical terms ) Japan ranks third (after the US and China), but it is not easy to find clear data on these spending, probably due to the internal specifics of the distribution of funds.
Armed Forces for 2000 ~300 thousand people, 2020 - about 300 thousand people. The number of military personnel underwent some fluctuations in the early 2000s. Apparently, at the moment, Japan quite firmly adheres to a qualitative view of its armed forces, since there are constitutional restrictions left over from the end of World War II.
Import in 2009 - 551 billion dollars, 2020 - 635,5 billion dollars.
Export for 2009 - 580,7 billion dollars, 2020 - 641,3 billion dollars.
It can be seen that Japan's imports and exports have stabilized for quite a long time, although in the 2010s there was a period of explosive growth (up to +25%) of these values.
average salary – $3 (probably before tax).
The Japanese industry deserves special attention - shipbuilding, automotive, aviation, robotic and electronic. The country has a complete (or close to it) cycle of enterprises and technologies, allowing it to create the entire range of military and civilian high-tech products. In 2004, Japan accounted for about 45% of the world's industrial robots. At the moment, Japan is probably behind China in this parameter - however, Japan itself ranks first in the world in exporting these products.
Japan's tourism income for 2019 year ~$49,2 billion.
Area - 377 944 km².
USA
Population for 2000 - 282 million people, 2020 - 331,5 million people.
UN forecast for 2030 - 354,7 million people, 2050 - 389,6 million people.
As we can see, the US population is growing, both due to internal demographics and migrants.
Demography 18-30: ~66–70 million people.
GDP at PPP for 2000 is $10 billion, for 252 it is $2020 billion. This figure has been somewhat stuck since 20, fluctuating around a certain zone of stability.
Productivity - $76,7/hour.
Inflation dollar 2000–2020 - 55,31%.
defense spending in 2000 - 288,8 billion dollars (3% of GDP (N)), 2020 - 738 billion dollars (~ 3,6% of GDP). Absolutely, in general, a wild figure.
Citizen science spending 2000 ~$250 billion (this figure is very approximate, because it does not take into account the scientific spending of large US companies), in 2020 ~$530 billion (~2,8% of GDP). It should be understood that the real US spending on science will be higher, because there the figure of public funding is commensurate with the figures of private funding from transnational companies.
Cultural spending. According to some sourcesThe U.S. spends more than $60 billion annually to support culture. This is a very impressive figure, but it does not include the cost of creating film products - according to 2019, video production and distribution reached $73 billion. As far as I understand, in this The figure also includes the creation of audio products. I can't even come close to assessing the total expenses and income from American cultural activities as a whole, the numbers there will be simply shocking.
Armed Forces for 2000 ~1,2 million people, for 2020 - 1,3 million people. The reserve is referred to as 14 million people.
Import in 2009 - 1 billion dollars, in 601 - 2020 billion dollars.
Export in 2009 - 1 billion dollars, in 056 - 2020 billion dollars.
As you can see, the US is not doing well in balancing imports and exports, they have a negative balance.
Tourism income - $ 233,461 billion.
average salary – $3
Area - 9 km².
Grand total for the article
Our Far East is adjacent to the first (USA), second (PRC), third (Japan) and twelfth (South Korea) economies of the planet. Russia on this list ranked eleventh.
The population of the Far East is about 7,6-8 million people. The population of only the regions of China bordering the Far East - 102,4 million people.
At the moment, the United States and Japan are unfriendly states to us.
Many of us consider China to be something like an ally.
But, firstly, this union has not yet been officially formalized.
Second, China has territorial claims to its neighborswhich pop up from time to time. Among these neighbors are the CSTO states (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan).
Thirdly, and finally, the objective difficulties of such an alliance are indicated by how story Soviet / Russian-Chinese relations, as well as the extreme disproportion in the adjacent regions: both demographic and economic.
South Korea does not currently pose a direct threat to us, but the author believes that the potential unification of the two Koreas in the future is quite likely. In this case, our neighbor will be a state with more than 75 million inhabitants, a nuclear missile weapon, a powerful military industry, a strong economy and army, as well as sufficient crowding on their own territory.
At the moment, without exception, all of the above states are serious economic competitors of the Russian Federation in the regional and global markets.
Figures, ratios and analytics on neighborhood issues will be discussed in more detail in the third article of the series. In the next article in the series (1, 2) we will consider the parameters that are desirable for Russia in the XNUMXst century, from the point of view of survival and competitiveness.
PS
The author expresses his heartfelt gratitude to his readers for constructive criticism and suggestions. Special thanks to: Mitroha, "Ingvar 72", Vintorez, Vavilov, "Depressant", "A. Privalov", BAI - for additions that expanded the informativeness of the general data.
Still welcome your constructive comments!
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