Patriotism as the Spiritual Basis of Russia's National Security
In the last decade, in the context of the sanctions, information, trade, technological, financial, mental and hybrid wars deployed against Russia under the leadership of the United States by NATO countries, the term “patriotism” has become a key term in understanding the essence of the ongoing processes and the effectiveness of countering attempts to destroy the Russian Federation or deprive it of its sovereignty.
At the same time, the united West has been juggling various concepts for many years, including those used in this article. There, in fact, the concepts of "patriotism and nationalism" are identified. The thesis “America (USA) first” does not remind you of the motto “Germany above all”, which was a symbol of the Nazi ideology of the Third Reich (Deutschland, Deutschland űber alles, Űber alles in der Welt)?
Definition
In Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary, nationalism is interpreted as:
1) ideology and politics, proceeding from the ideas of national superiority and opposing their nation to others;
2) the manifestation of the psychology of national superiority, national antagonism, the idea of national isolation.
In the Dictionary of Foreign Words, nationalism is an ideology and policy aimed at inciting national enmity by affirming the superiority of one nation over others. In the Dictionary of Synonyms: nationalism is chauvinism.
In the updated version of the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation, Article 22 states:
“The main factors that determine the position and role of the Russian Federation in the world in the long term are the high quality of human potential, the ability to ensure technological leadership, the effectiveness of public administration and the transition of the economy to a new technological basis. The state of science, innovation, industry, education, healthcare and culture is turning into a key indicator of Russia's competitiveness. The preservation of Russian identity, culture, traditional Russian spiritual and moral values and the patriotic education of citizens will contribute to the further development of the democratic structure of the Russian Federation and its openness to the world. "
Article 40 pays special attention, among others, to the solution of the following problem: "military-patriotic education and preparation for military service of citizens."
Patriotism is a multifaceted concept based on the description of feelings of love and devotion to one's people, the nations inhabiting the country, and its community. This includes many aspects: duty, honor, conscience, foundations and traditions of ancestors, spiritual path, etc. Therefore, the term "patriotism" in literature and the media is very broad and ambiguous.
Most clearly in our understanding, this term is given in the Sociological Encyclopedia: patriotism (Greek пατριώτης - "compatriot", πατρίς - "fatherland") is a political principle, a social feeling, the content of which is love, attachment to the Motherland, devotion to it and readiness to any sacrifice for her. The article "Criteria of Patriotism in Russia" (magazine "Military Thought" No. 2, 2019 pp. 146-157) provides a detailed analysis of various interpretations of this concept. Therefore, we will confine ourselves to the interpretation of patriotism proposed below, which, in our opinion, is the most acceptable in relation to the tasks of ensuring the national (military and state) security of the Russian Federation.
By patriotism we mean love for the Motherland, devotion to the Fatherland and readiness for self-sacrifice, endure hardships and hardships, protect the Fatherland from external encroachments and internal destroyers and random fellow travelers who find themselves in our country, and also effectively ensure its sustainable progressive development, defense and prosperity.
The fundamental basis for the education of patriotism among members of society is social and economic inequality that is acceptable (permissible) for the bulk of the country's population.
Patriotism is usually viewed in two aspects.
First - This is a hierarchical structure of patriotic objects of the state. It includes:
- people of different age categories; their teams, ranging from family, kindergarten, school, work, service, etc .;
- professional and other associations, including the so-called elites, various societies, clans, corruption groups, terrorist groups, etc .;
- ethnic groups living separately and together in some territories (district, region, etc.);
- people, including various nations, etc.
Second - these are ideals, images, traditions, etc., that is, different aspects of some object of patriotism.
Among the many principles considered in the literature and the media, we single out such as: love for the Motherland and Fatherland, spirituality, morality and ethics of an individual, layers of the population and peoples that make up the country, unity on universal values of various clusters of society, progressive state ideology, etc. ...
The concept of "patriotism" refers primarily to individuality (personality), but within a particular country it is applicable to certain groups of society and various formations (including military formations, private military companies, etc.) or groups. You can also talk about a patriotic people inhabiting a particular territory, or a state that implements or does not have patriotic foundations and principles of its existence.
Retrospective analysis stories development of mankind shows that states or empires that lose or reject patriotic principles and have chosen spiritual degradation and physical violence of the individual, financial, economic and other suppression and physical elimination of competitors as the fundamental principles of their existence, ultimately disappear from the geographical map of the planet. A striking example is the Roman Empire, the only state in the history of mankind to which the entire Mediterranean coast belonged.
When analyzing patriotism, the key objects are the family and school (not only educational, but also higher), aspects of their spiritual and socio-economic development. To a large extent, the current problems of the development and security of Russia are caused by the fact that the decomposition of the family as the fundamental unit of society (by analogy with Western countries) and school and university education and upbringing on the principles of the Bologna education system has led to regularly emerging outbursts of aggression in society and unreleased and new problems in the training of patriots-defenders of the Fatherland.
Prior to the adoption of the 2020 amendments, the concept of "patriotism" was absent in the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
In the adopted amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, for the first time in the post-Soviet period, one mention of patriotism was made (in article 67.1, paragraph 4) - and only in terms of raising children:
“The state creates conditions conducive to the all-round spiritual, moral, intellectual and physical development of children, fostering patriotism, citizenship and respect for elders in them”,
that is, it is not engaged in the education of patriotism among young people and the adult population.
For reference: According to the terminology of the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), adolescents are persons aged 10-19 years (early adolescence - 10-14 years; late adolescence - 15-19 years). In the federal law "On youth policy in the Russian Federation" of December 30.12.2020, 489, No. 2-FZ, article 14 states that "youth, young citizens are a socio-demographic group of persons aged 35 to 489, inclusive." At the same time, the most important of No. 4-FZ are Articles 5 (Goals of youth policy) and XNUMX.
The principles of youth policy do not even contain any mention of patriotism.
The mention of patriotism without the formation of directions for its upbringing is only in article 6 (Basic directions for the implementation of youth policy). It should be noted that the law on youth policy in Russia was adopted hastily, was prepared without public and expert discussion (Pershutkin S. N. Games of the liberals. The federal law on youth policy was dragged into the Duma on the sly. Military-industrial courier No. 5 (868). 9.02.2021 .XNUMX).
In other articles of the Constitution, including those describing the functions and tasks of power and executive structures, there is a large list of issues to be resolved without considering patriotic education. Thus, article 114, clause 1, dedicated to the functions of the Government of the Russian Federation, provides an impressive list of tasks to be solved, for example: the formation of a responsible attitude towards animals in society, the development of a system of environmental education of citizens, the upbringing of environmental culture, the preservation of the country's unique natural and biological diversity, etc. etc.
In pursuance of the introduced amendments to the Constitution, the Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" dated December 29.12.2012, 273 No. XNUMX (as amended and supplemented) has been supplemented with a number of articles. In particular, education is now understood as
“Activities aimed at personal development, creating conditions for self-determination and socialization of students on the basis of socio-cultural, spiritual and moral values and the rules and norms of behavior adopted in Russian society in the interests of a person, family, society and state, the formation of a sense of patriotism, civic consciousness in students, respect for the memory of the defenders of the Fatherland and the heroic deeds of the Heroes of the Fatherland, law and order, a man of labor and the older generation, mutual respect, respect for the cultural heritage and traditions of the multinational people of the Russian Federation, nature and the environment. "
In our opinion, in this definition in the part "formation ..." one could add: "readiness to defend and defend the interests of the Fatherland."
In modern conditions of the standard of living (socio-economic superiority) of the developed countries of the West over Russia and the frenzied imposition of their way of life on us in recent centuries, the role of the ideological component in the system of patriotic education has sharply increased.
In the post-Soviet period, the population of Russia is left to itself, there is no positive ideal and correct guidelines. And it all starts from school, if not from kindergarten. The President of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) A. Sergeev, during the All-Russian Forum "Youth and Science" in May 2021, said that among the serious problems in school education, one should highlight the lack of ideology, which should be based on the values that unite "the country's residents.
It is obvious that patriotism and ideology that meets the needs and aspirations of society are two substances that complement and develop each other. Otherwise, they do not give them the opportunity to develop without each other, or even destroy each other. The upbringing of the younger generation in general and patriotism in particular, without ideological content, is, in fact, a waste of money and time, since there can be no vacuum here, that is, there will definitely be an ideological filling, and it will come from outside. And most likely, it will be not just a stranger, but Russophobic, and the signs may be different, for example, the ideology of chaos being massively introduced by the United States in unwanted countries, depending on the situation - controlled or not controlled.
At the same time, Article 13 of the Constitution stipulates that
“Ideological diversity is recognized in the Russian Federation, and no ideology can be established as state or mandatory”.
Without specifying the provisions of ideological diversity: in the name of the target setting - meeting the needs and progressive development of society - these provisions raise a number of questions.
In particular, uncertainty arises when considering these manifolds. Maybe they are introduced to meet the growing base needs of the individual, which is now very popularized in the media (the ideology of selfishness and dependency, based on the postulate "satisfaction of the needs of the individual above all else")?
And if it is necessary to repay the debt to the Fatherland, that is, the "threat" of conscription into the Armed Forces - the transition to a different ideology "I am a pacifist, weapon defender of the Fatherland - not for me ”, etc.?
Ideological diversity without its detailing can also be considered by some individuals, groups or clusters of society as permissiveness within the gaps of normative legal acts and laws, since, for example, morality and ethics are difficult, but rather impossible to standardize by law.
As a result, the Western know-how of the erosion of the family as a system-forming unit of society is undergoing serious changes in many countries, including Russia. The number of people living in de facto cohabitation is growing all over the world and does not have a clear dependence on the standard of living in a particular country.
For example, according to Wikipedia, back in 1960, about 5% of children in the United States were born to unmarried women, but already in 1980 this figure reached 18%, and in 2009 - 41%. In Europe, the percentage of de facto marriages has also steadily increased over the past decades. According to Eurostat, in 2011, 37,3% of all births in the 27 EU countries were illegitimate. Most children were born out of wedlock in Iceland (64,3%), Estonia (59,7%), Slovenia (56,8%), Bulgaria (56%), Norway (55%), Sweden (54,2%) and France (55%). The share of illegitimate births is significantly lower in Greece (8,1%) and Cyprus (15,2%).
In Russia, almost every third child (30%) in 2010 was born out of wedlock. According to Rosstat, about 14% of all marriages in Russia are not official, that is, they are not registered with the registry office. According to opinion polls, about 40% of the young population of Russia does not want to officially register family relations. They prefer to live in a so-called "civil marriage". In this case, this wording means the cohabitation of a man and a woman, that is, from the standpoint of Christianity, this is fornication.
All of the above means that the globalist structures are carrying out a purposeful destruction or, at least, the decomposition of the family as the fundamental unit of society. At the same time, one can only guess about the consequences of such relations between spouses on the patriotic upbringing of children, not to mention same-sex marriages, gender equality, the influence of the feminist movement, etc.
What family in the future will the newly-born defender of the Fatherland from such a family protect? This is a rhetorical question.
It should also not be forgotten that in the first months of 2021, the US administration officially announced a very tough ideology of confrontation with Russia, and this is not just "who is not with us, he is against us." In ideological terms, the President of the United States declared unsubstantiated that for the United States (and, consequently, NATO) Russia is not just enemy number 1, its president (the main leader of the country) is a murderer. Russia, apparently, will never wait for an official apology from the United States.
At the same time, it must be admitted that the amended Constitution lacks the goals of the development of Russia, its multinational people and social world order. That is, in world history, the "Russian ship" for the last three decades has been sailing like a state without the goal of its development and the state ideology of building society. Without this, it is impossible, in our opinion, to build a sovereign Russian state, which, under the conditions of various force majeure circumstances, would reliably unite various segments of the population.
These questions are not easy and require deep study and comprehensive discussion, both at the federal and regional levels.
In these conditions, from the standpoint of a systematic approach, the implementation of the above principles of patriotism, in our opinion, cannot be complete - only local successes in the patriotic education of certain segments of the population and, accordingly, in the level of patriotism of the defenders of the Fatherland are possible.
Speaking about the formation of patriotism among various strata of the population and nationalities of the Russian Federation and its qualitative assessment (measuring patriotism in terms of indicators - a quantitative assessment, in our opinion, is not correct due to the lack of reliable initial data and corresponding logical and mathematical models), the following should be noted.
first
Without state ideology, there can be no unifying principle of various strata of society and, accordingly, full-fledged patriotism. Ideology is akin to information. If there is no information, then this is also information. So it is with ideology: there is no state ideology - this is also an ideology: live, observe federal laws and go where you want both morally and morally (there are no laws of the Federal Assembly here); but then what kind of patriotism can we talk about?
At the same time, it is not clear in the name of what the state called "Russia" should be built and what goals does it achieve? Although there is no ideology (state ideology) that unites society today, nevertheless, in the absence and prohibition of official ideology, support for the liberal ideology of the comprador elite, which, in the name of its own survival, encourages and does everything possible to lead the Russian Federation to the loss of sovereignty, to the so-called “ integration into Western civilization ”. The results are already there and very impressive.
We can recall Nikolai Desyatnichenko, also known as "Kolya from Urengoy", who made a speech in the Bundestag of the Federal Republic of Germany, where the Stalingrad cauldron was called "so-called", and the Wehrmacht soldiers were called "innocent people who died." This, of course, is not such an outright mockery of the historical memory of the people, as a video from the Internet with people frying sausages on the Eternal Flame, but hardly less destructive in the social sense. The memory of the Great Patriotic War is sacred. There is no doubt that today's youth more than ever needs education - they must know about the unfading feat of Soviet soldiers who saved both the world and European civilization.
In the West, clans of globalists under the auspices of “freedom” and “democracy” have placed at the forefront and are massively introducing the ideology of destroying everything national and ethnic on the basis of “democratic” (perverted) values that are imposed on the rest of the world.
The so-called "Western values": these are turbo-capitalism, critical racial theory, militant atheism, imperialism, multiculturalism, gender fluidity, etc. The task is set: the concepts of the state, family, sex differences should be as blurred as possible in order to form an absolutely homogeneous society. A person without properties - without historical, family memory, without gender, without identity; naturally, this is easy to manage.
In contrast to this ideology, the movement of nationalists is growing (for example, in the FRG). In China, under the guise of communism, in fact, state capitalism dominates. The ideology of Nazism is being revived along the perimeter of the territory of the Russian Federation.
In this situation, the question becomes not idle: what can we oppose to foreign doctrines of the ideological education of the younger generation?
So, for example, B. Bezpalko in the article "The national idea of Russia will be able to attract foreigners" (Zhurnalisticheskaya Pravda, 23.05.2021) suggests:
"Our ideology can be what is now rejected in the West: a moderate ideology aimed at saving the people, at preserving their national and ethnic traditions, at positioning our state as an ark of conservative values."
In other words, "Russian ideology should be aimed at combining conservative values, national conservation and its material well-being." This is a good postulate, basically formed earlier by A.I. Solzhenitsyn, for a small country like Hungary. When almost the entire Western world has united with the aim of destroying Russia as a state and taking over (“biting off”) the most tasty morsels of its territory, such an ideology is not viable.
We need the unity of all segments of the population, the mobilization of the country, but not on the indicated provisions of passive protection. Other principles should be used: everything for the active defense of the Motherland (providing everything necessary for its three main allies - the army, fleet and the military-industrial complex); strengthening its sovereignty; high-tech development; position in the international arena; import substitution; equality of nations, ethnic groups and members of society; elimination of poverty, poverty, etc.
Second
Patriotism is not a constant; it is a function of many factors, including temporary ones.
A striking example of the transformation of patriotism from the Soviet and post-Soviet periods is Alexander Alexandrovich Zinoviev (1922–2006), a Soviet dissident, writer, scientist, sociologist and social philosopher. A. A. Zinoviev was a fierce critic of the Soviet political system, for which he was expelled from the country in 1978. But then, while in exile in the West, he reconsidered his views. He returned to his homeland in 1999. Here are a few of his statements, which are very relevant at the present time and show that he was an uncompromising analyst aimed at the prosperity and revival of Russia.
About what the West, above all, feared in the face of the Soviet Union:
“... The West feared not so much the military might of the USSR as its intellectual, artistic and sporting potential. The West saw how full of life the USSR was! And this is the main thing that needs to be destroyed from the enemy. This is exactly what was done ... World domination, first of all, manifests itself as an intellectual or, if you like, cultural diktat ”.
From A. A. Zinoviev's interview with journalist V. Lupan. Published by the French newspaper Le Figaro on July 24.07.1999, 1999. The conversation took place in June XNUMX in Berlin.
In our opinion, this statement largely explains the ongoing attacks of the West, for example, on Russian sports and its growing problems.
On the fact that Russia will never become part of the West:
“No matter how the Russians spit on the communist period of their history, no matter how zealous they are in destroying what has been achieved during this period, no matter how they crawl on their knees and grovel before the West, no matter how they imitate everything Western and no matter how they adopt everything vices of the West, Russia will never become a part of the West anyway. "
A. A. Zinoviev, his book "West", 1995
In modern Russia, a system has been built that assumes individual saturation of your wallet at the expense of everyone else. And therefore the Soviet Union, in which social equality prevailed, to the owners of these wallets was like a bone in the throat. That is, the system has been built, but the mentality of the bulk of the population does not change significantly. Only most of the public values have disappeared.
As a result, the majority of the population has a rhetorical question: who and why should be protected in case of war? - Oligarchs and their property?
About Stalin and the Soviet system:
“The most ideal system for Russian conditions was the Soviet system. This is the pinnacle of history. I am telling you this, I am a man who was an anti-Stalinist from his youth, who should have been shot back in XNUMX for attempting terrorist activities against Stalin ...
I have always regarded Stalin as the greatest political figure of the XNUMXth century. And he did not change his opinion.
Then there were years of study, study, and at the end of my life I affirm that the really Soviet system was the most adequate to Russian conditions ...
In the USSR, there were both positive and negative phenomena, and they are inextricably linked: negative phenomena are inconceivable without positive, and positive without negative.
In the USSR, free education was guaranteed, free medical care, housing was provided free of charge. This is definitely an achievement.
But at the same time it had negative sides - a low standard of living in comparison with the West, people's lack of interest in intensive work, window dressing, etc. "
I have always regarded Stalin as the greatest political figure of the XNUMXth century. And he did not change his opinion.
Then there were years of study, study, and at the end of my life I affirm that the really Soviet system was the most adequate to Russian conditions ...
In the USSR, there were both positive and negative phenomena, and they are inextricably linked: negative phenomena are inconceivable without positive, and positive without negative.
In the USSR, free education was guaranteed, free medical care, housing was provided free of charge. This is definitely an achievement.
But at the same time it had negative sides - a low standard of living in comparison with the West, people's lack of interest in intensive work, window dressing, etc. "
From the interview of A. A. Zinoviev to the journalist I. Shcheglova, published in 2006 in the "Economic and Philosophical Gazette".
About the fact that Russia in the modern world has not completely overcome its colonial dependence on the West:
“The fight is going on not to the stomach, but to the death. Now the power of Western global capital is so great that it is almost impossible on the planet to create something in which we could compete with them. Everything is under their supervision and well controlled. Everything is being done so that Russia does not become a serious competitor on world markets. "
From an interview with AA Zinoviev "Literaturnaya Gazeta". December 3.12.1997, 49, No. XNUMX.
These quotes show how the West is consistently implementing measures to strangle Russia and that it is destined for the role of a sacrificial calf. As a consequence, Russia cannot become a great power without mass patriotism and state ideology.
At the same time, in the Russian Federation, the perception of the Soviet legacy as a continuation of Russian history in the media is, in fact, rejected, there is no continuity between the Russian and Soviet stages. The Soviet period does not fit into the accepted concept of the development of Russian society; it seems to fall out of the general context of Russian history. This only splits the strata of the population, the older and younger generations.
The third
About mass patriotism.
During the Great Patriotic War, millions of home front workers did everything possible and impossible for the victory of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army. At present, it is difficult to imagine that the majority of the current generation of adolescents is capable and ready, in conditions of everyday and moral and psychological hardship, to stand for 14-16 hours at the machines for months and produce ammunition or other defense products.
During the Second World War, the slogan “everything is for the front, everything is for victory” was the same for everyone: both in the rear and at the front. And this was the guarantee of the Great Victory over fascism.
At present, it has become fashionable in Russia to use the patterns of Western countries to speak and implement trajectories of individual development of students, and starting almost from the elementary grades of secondary schools. Probably, we will soon reach the point that these trajectories will be introduced in kindergartens. This is a path to further stratification and deepening inequality in children and young people. In such a situation, one can only talk about mass patriotism, in reality everything will be exactly the opposite. This is the right way to educate the student without appropriate knowledge and skills of his exclusivity, most likely - soullessness and selfishness, based on protectionism and appropriate financial capabilities. And this is the opposite of patriotic personality development, built on collectivism and healthy competition in the competitive selection of the most gifted and original thinking individuals.
In Russia in the twentieth century, among many other fundamental attitudes in the field of education, fundamentalism, competition and a creative approach were especially appreciated. To enter the "trajectory of individual development", it was necessary to prove and show that the student being taught (student) is worthy of this and is able to effectively implement it.
The Minister of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia V. N. Falkov in an interview with the correspondent of "Komsomolskaya Pravda" A. Milkus on June 15.06.2020, 200 (Valery Falkov: "Ideal" university of the XXI century: 200 students - XNUMX educational programs ") said:
“The further development of higher education is its individualization. 200 students who came - this is ideally two hundred individual study programs.
There is an internal contradiction here: on the one hand, our higher education is massive, on the other, we must make it more individual ...
Our universities must answer the question: who is at the center of the learning process? Student or teacher?
- We are more and more moving to the fact that there is a student in the center. While maintaining the fundamental nature of education, it is obvious that the student should be more responsible about his future career and should be given the opportunity to choose his personal learning track.
At the same time, the value of personal communication will increase, the student will no longer be able to communicate with the teacher, with the professor as much as now. "
There is an internal contradiction here: on the one hand, our higher education is massive, on the other, we must make it more individual ...
Our universities must answer the question: who is at the center of the learning process? Student or teacher?
- We are more and more moving to the fact that there is a student in the center. While maintaining the fundamental nature of education, it is obvious that the student should be more responsible about his future career and should be given the opportunity to choose his personal learning track.
At the same time, the value of personal communication will increase, the student will no longer be able to communicate with the teacher, with the professor as much as now. "
In such a setting, patriotic education in the Higher School, in our opinion, can be forgotten.
Whatever further is said to justify what was said, behind this is the provision of educational services, in fact, partially or completely without upbringing. It is safe to expect that patriotic education, as a rule, will not fit into the “trajectory of its individual development” at the newly emerged “training center” or it will be in a very truncated (most likely distorted) form.
It is no secret that a properly set education and upbringing, in addition to gaining knowledge, skills and abilities, prepares the country for a defender of the Fatherland and an employee who is able to creatively analyze and do what is needed for a long time, although this is not always desirable. In the post-Soviet period, more than one generation learns to do only what the learners want. Now this demand gives rise to more and more offers, especially for wealthy lazy people.
In general, in Russia, in our opinion, there is and is flourishing a misunderstanding, distortion or distortion of the essence of education (intentional or unintentional - this is for qualification by the prosecutor's office, investigative and judicial authorities) of the following main fact. Education is not a simple transfer of knowledge in the form of a “service” or the creation of a future “product”, it is, first of all, the professional transfer of knowledge, skills and abilities of a learning creative personality in close relationship with education in the broadest sense: from the upbringing of a culture of communication, love to the Motherland before the preparation and education of a specialist-patriot of the highest level. Only in this way can the code of Russian civilization be passed on to future generations.
Nor should the problem of fostering patriotism be blamed on Western propaganda.
In the 1990s, everything was allowed to discredit the Soviet period. Remember the book breakdowns with millions of copies of Rezun's forgeries. Remember the films where the main character becomes and still is the monster-NKVD. On this our youth was brought up and continues to be brought up.
Back in September 2002, President George W. Bush (Jr.) announced that, if necessary, the United States would act preemptively against Russia and other unwanted countries (see S. Russov, "The West is Preparing for Russia a New June 22," June 22.06.2021, XNUMX, " Military Review ").
What this means became clear 4 years later, when Congress approved the National Security Strategy, which officially enshrined the essence of preemptive war. Structurally, it looks like this: regime change - building a new nation - "rebuilding" the country.
The purpose of this type of war is to change the cultural and civilizational essence of the state-forming people and to remove them from the rights to their own subsoil and resources, which are forever transferred to the use of the global corporations of the “golden billion”. The results of a "conventional" war can be revised over time (and are often revised), but the results of pre-emptive actions are fixed forever.
The most important element of such a war is indirect violence: economic, ideological, political, informational and psychological, and others. It must be admitted that it is impossible to resist this without effective education of patriotism in the bulk of the country's population.
Fourth
In a social state and society, such as Soviet socialism, it was sad to live for those who were used to thinking only about themselves, their own well-being. Under Russian “market capitalism,” life is hard for those who are able and willing to think about others, to help them and society and the country as a whole.
Obviously, it is not easy to prepare patriots-defenders of the Fatherland on the basis of the slogan of the 90s embedded in the minds of strata of the population: “Through the enrichment of everyone for the well-being of all”. In our opinion, this is impossible. We have to admit that in Russia for the population in recent decades, the axiom has become massive: "the personal good is a priority, that is, it wins the public." On this basis, instilling patriotism among the defenders of the Fatherland is problematic, and with further deepening of the stratification of society, it becomes more and more counterproductive.
This happens if only because the current system of production of "successful" people instills strange values based on the following postulate: and other benefits, knowledge, position and the like? If this does not work, then it is possible to steal, that is, to steal, as much as possible and as legally as possible ”? In other words, “life on the brink of a foul” is normal for such a person or groups of people.
Obviously, when such sentiments prevail in society, it greatly undermines the very statehood, as such, not to mention patriotism. This system is accompanied by a massive decrease in the level of education, morality, morality and culture of members of society in the country, an increase in the number of beggars, homeless people, homeless people in the regions and, as a result, cases of corruption, hazing that have not been eliminated in the Armed Forces, sometimes reaching the execution of their colleagues, and dr.
Fifth
The problem of fostering patriotism is only part of the formation of a socially oriented state and its effective protection. Without solving the problems of state structure and socio-economic development of society, it is impossible to educate patriots and defenders of the Fatherland loyal to the multinational people of Russia.
According to the Chairman of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation in the article “Return of the State. The capacity of the authorities is being tested in a nationwide trouble "(Rossiyskaya Gazeta - Federal Issue No. 105 (8456) 17.05.2021/XNUMX/XNUMX),
“Human rights are the basis of patriotism, the source of the strength of a civilized state ...
For very, very many, the right to continue their historical existence is dearer than material well-being ...
The transition to the rule of law and a rule of law social state is by no means completed ...
At the same time, in the globalized world, the place of the state, displacing it, is gradually being taken by various kinds of transnational structures, and the family is beginning to be replaced by virtually fleeting "friends" in social networks and the system of consumer lending.
As a result, instead of a citizen, a type of cosmopolitan atomic individual is born, a “new nomad” who can easily change his place of residence, citizenship and occupation ”.
For very, very many, the right to continue their historical existence is dearer than material well-being ...
The transition to the rule of law and a rule of law social state is by no means completed ...
At the same time, in the globalized world, the place of the state, displacing it, is gradually being taken by various kinds of transnational structures, and the family is beginning to be replaced by virtually fleeting "friends" in social networks and the system of consumer lending.
As a result, instead of a citizen, a type of cosmopolitan atomic individual is born, a “new nomad” who can easily change his place of residence, citizenship and occupation ”.
Of course, one should agree with these provisions, given by the author of the article.
At the same time, the article emphasizes that
“The current transition of Russia from a totalitarian system to a rule-of-law social state takes into account the Soviet experience of lawlessness and its consequences. Comprehension of this experience and the reasons that gave rise to it is necessary in order "not to step on the same rake."
More than a hundred years ago, Russia was unable to respond to an essentially analogous challenge from history. The transition from autocracy to a constitutional monarchy, and then to a bourgeois republic, ended in a historic catastrophe in October 1917.
Here, the ideological split inherent in our society is especially vividly manifested. This split, which has deep social roots, became at one time the reason for the breakdown of the country into the bloodshed of revolution and civil war.
And the Soviet socialism that was established as a result of these events, in a sense, can be viewed as a violent attempt to overcome the social split.
Russia, on the one hand, is in a state of stunning transformations and a leap into the digital future, in many respects it is becoming a world leader, and on the other hand, it is in the grip of an economic crisis, the danger of social division, corruption, external illegal economic sanctions and the Cold War.
The hands of Russia's historical clock show a point of bifurcation, at which nostalgia for the outdated Soviet modernist project met and the image of today's Russian post-socialism, distorted in bizarre metamorphoses, with its loss of ideals and an indefinite “image of the future”.
The legal consciousness of the population and its elite, which had been neglected for the previous 70 years, was again tested, only this time the opposite - the test of lack of ideology, consumerism, “blind and slavish” imitation ”.
More than a hundred years ago, Russia was unable to respond to an essentially analogous challenge from history. The transition from autocracy to a constitutional monarchy, and then to a bourgeois republic, ended in a historic catastrophe in October 1917.
Here, the ideological split inherent in our society is especially vividly manifested. This split, which has deep social roots, became at one time the reason for the breakdown of the country into the bloodshed of revolution and civil war.
And the Soviet socialism that was established as a result of these events, in a sense, can be viewed as a violent attempt to overcome the social split.
Russia, on the one hand, is in a state of stunning transformations and a leap into the digital future, in many respects it is becoming a world leader, and on the other hand, it is in the grip of an economic crisis, the danger of social division, corruption, external illegal economic sanctions and the Cold War.
The hands of Russia's historical clock show a point of bifurcation, at which nostalgia for the outdated Soviet modernist project met and the image of today's Russian post-socialism, distorted in bizarre metamorphoses, with its loss of ideals and an indefinite “image of the future”.
The legal consciousness of the population and its elite, which had been neglected for the previous 70 years, was again tested, only this time the opposite - the test of lack of ideology, consumerism, “blind and slavish” imitation ”.
To this, the following comments can be made.
Note 1
The first thing that can be noted is that if there had not been a "historical catastrophe in October 1917", then with a very high probability Russia in the second decade of the twentieth century would have ceased to exist as a single state with a long history.
The Soviet Union, in fact, saved our civilization, and, accordingly, there would be no attempts to revive the Russian Empire on the basis of the Russian Federation.
And what has been done in post-Soviet Russia in 30 years to overcome the "ideological split"?
Practically nothing, including within the framework of the updated version of the Constitution.
For example, its ideological provisions have not been eliminated, but, in fact, they are laying a mine of no longer delayed action in society. In our opinion, which is confirmed by Rosstat data, further stratification of society (not only financial), and, consequently, its split only deepens.
In this regard, the above-mentioned provision in the Constitution on the education of patriotism, in fact, is a "duty phrase" and is not indicated in any way for concretization and implementation by the executive bodies.
Note 2
Second. If “human rights are the basis of patriotism” (and this is true), and it was so massively manifested during the Great Patriotic War, then, probably, one should not so denigrate the legal system of the Russian state of the Soviet period, which, by the way, nurtured, including and the current head of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation?
Obviously, the legal system of the Soviet Union was adequate to that period, since the firmness and patriotism of the defenders of the Fatherland and the overwhelming mass of Soviet people were able to ensure the victory of the Soviet Union over European fascism, over almost all of Europe?
It is clear that this patriotic education system was much higher than the current legal system. That is, the "Soviet experience of lawlessness" from the lips of the Chairman of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation is very reminiscent of the statements of the "fifth column" inside Russia and permanent falsifications from the West to denigrate the Soviet period.
Of course, the legal system of that period is not acceptable to the living conditions of the population of the Russian Federation in the XXI century - it was created for the poorest, illiterate country, which is rolling into the abyss, and by building the initial stage of socialism successfully fulfilled its tasks of saving the Fatherland. Only a non-patriot of Russia can deny this. The ideological opponent of Stalinism A.A.Zinoviev realized this and recognized the merits of I.V. Stalin to the Fatherland, and therefore he can be attributed to a cohort of doubting, but real patriots.
This, in our opinion, is the main root of the current problems.
This is the rejection of the current power structures of the Soviet period, an unsystematic (local and even crafty) search for negative aspects in the 70-year history of the tough confrontation of a multinational country, whose peoples acted as a united front against the united West not only during the Great Patriotic War, but also until the mid-80s. x years of the twentieth century. In March 1991, they also voted en masse to preserve the USSR. Therefore, it is erroneous to call Soviet socialism simply “an attempt to overcome the ideological split of society”, because millions of workers and pensioners still nostalgic for it not only in Russia, but also in the former republics of the Soviet Union.
Note 3
Third. The author's calls to the current oligarchs for an insight in understanding the aspirations of the people, even to the layman, not to mention experts and researchers, remind not one, but several fables of I. A. Krylov (for example, "The Wolf and the Lamb"):
“It is necessary that not only the people love the state, so that our“ powerful of this world ”- who, breaking away from the people and opposing their chosenness to its simplicity, put their material well-being above all else - should see their sight and see that their well-being exists insofar as because there is a people and a state.
So that they understand the main truth, which is already well understood in other countries. We realized that the XNUMXst century does not at all promise the notorious world idyll. We realized that their material wealth and, most importantly, the sources of these benefits in the absence of the state are alienated in the most elementary way. "
So that they understand the main truth, which is already well understood in other countries. We realized that the XNUMXst century does not at all promise the notorious world idyll. We realized that their material wealth and, most importantly, the sources of these benefits in the absence of the state are alienated in the most elementary way. "
In this regard, Karl Marx in the book "Capital" in the XNUMXth century clearly wrote:
“Provide capital with 10% profit, and capital agrees to any use, at 20% it becomes lively, at 50% it is positively ready to break its head, at 100% it violates all human laws, at 300% there is no crime that it does not I would have dared to go, at least on pain of the gallows. "
From the standpoint of "snatching" for oneself, nothing has changed from the current "moneybags": in the West it has only more camouflaged forms.
This is also one of the main reasons for the slippage in patriotic education: people during the Great Patriotic War defended common national values, and the current generations of workers are not ready to defend the property of a separate group of people who illegally profited in the 90s of the twentieth century on the so-called "privatization" Soviet legacy.
Ultimately, patriotism should be expressed in the ability, readiness and accomplishment of a military or labor feat in the name of the Motherland, the Fatherland. And you can go to this all your life or do it spontaneously.
That is, the feat on the physical plane, as it is usually understood, is on a large scale just a part of the Spiritual Feat (see Conversations of a friend. Publishing house "SIRIN". M. 1999).
“Such a Feat means action on all planes of existence at the same time, without dividing into physical and astral. This action does not mean an impulse, but a long striving towards a common goal.
And if this is understood in this way, then all life, striving towards the Highest, should be called a feat, and this feat should be accomplished.
It can manifest itself on the physical plane - in a single action striking people. It may not amaze anyone, not be noticed by anyone, and pass through the whole life of a person walking along a straight path.
We must remember this and follow an inconspicuous path. "
And if this is understood in this way, then all life, striving towards the Highest, should be called a feat, and this feat should be accomplished.
It can manifest itself on the physical plane - in a single action striking people. It may not amaze anyone, not be noticed by anyone, and pass through the whole life of a person walking along a straight path.
We must remember this and follow an inconspicuous path. "
Sixth. The criteria of patriotism, including those given in the aforementioned article "Criteria of patriotism in Russia," should be specifically tied to the object of research and the conditions for their manifestation. In utility theory, there are the concepts of "efficiency" and "efficiency". In practice and in the media, they are often confused.
In order to understand the essence of what has been said, we will illustrate two examples.
First example
The name of Alexei Petrovich Maresyev, fighter pilot, hero of the Soviet Union, who did not just beat the Nazi invaders, but did it very effectively, losing both legs (his result: he shot down more enemy aircraft after their amputation than before). The effectiveness of his presence at the front echoed throughout the country. The name of A.P. Maresyev was known to every boy in the USSR.
Dedicated to him "The Story of a Real Man" by Boris Polevoy was an integral part of the school curriculum and military-patriotic education, this book is now excluded from the school curriculum. Only in aviation a similar feat, marked with awards during the Great Patriotic War in the fight against fascism, was performed by more than a dozen disabled veterans. Unfortunately, "perestroika" and the subsequent years of society's renunciation of the country's great past cast a shadow of oblivion on these patriots and heroes.
Second example
Under the current conditions (when, as the President of the Russian Federation put it, even information about the Battle of Stalingrad is missing in the history textbooks), a student who graduated from school with a gold medal, that is, who has an excellent academic result with such a "patriotic" education, is not a fact that he will become a patriot. It is possible that all his efforts are aimed at obtaining a foreign grant, since this is highly welcomed in our "elite" circles.
This example shows that the effectiveness of training such a student (in the future, a foreign or Russian student) for the country is not just zero - it can become negative: if in the future this qualified specialist emigrates to the West to firms aimed at discrediting or military-technical confrontation with RF. It is obvious that such unique scientists as Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa, a Soviet physicist who spent a long time on probation in Great Britain, who did a lot for the implementation of the Soviet atomic project and not only, the Nobel Prize laureate (1978), twice Hero of Socialist Labor (1945, 1974) - in there was little history of our Fatherland.
These examples clearly show that the high effectiveness of the training of the defender of the Fatherland (specialist) will also be its high efficiency in realizing the interests of the country, first of all, in real conditions of character testing and on specific examples that give food for thought and the formation of one's own “I” of a patriot.
The article "Criteria of Patriotism in Russia" correctly points out that material assessments based on the cost / benefit criterion reduce the issue of patriotism to one of the forms of vulgar materialism. Without an assessment of the spiritual component, this criterion is inoperable, and it is very problematic to give its quantitative assessment.
In our opinion, if this criterion is followed, it turns out that A.P. Maresyev is more patriotic than the fighter Alexander Matveevich Matrosov, who closed the embrasure of the enemy's bunker with his body (similarly, more than 2,5 hundred soldiers of the Red Army performed such a feat in the Great Patriotic War ), and this ensured the solution of the combat mission of the platoon during the attack.
That is, from the standpoint of modern pragmatists, the return from the pilot-officer A. M. Maresyev (his "usefulness") is greater than from the ordinary infantryman A. M. Matrosov, in other words, the level of his patriotism is higher. From the point of view of causing damage to the enemy, this is so, but from a moral and ethical standpoint, it is blasphemy.
Or how to assess the level of patriotism of the great universal science of the twentieth century, Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences L. D. Landau?
He refused to directly participate in the "atomic" project of IV Kurchatov and LP Beria and unattractively assessed the "instrumental errors" in the analysis of the results of Kharkov scientists on the fission of the uranium atom in the creation of an atomic bomb, described in the aforementioned article?
In our opinion, mistakes are inevitable for everyone involved in real business, especially at the forefront of science. For just one textbook on physics for a secondary school, on which many generations of physicists and engineers studied (this three-volume, by the way, is currently recommended for use only in very few educational institutions), it deserves very high marks.
The 1962 Nobel Prize laureate in physics, L. D. Landau, had many opportunities to emigrate from the Soviet Union, but he preferred to devote his whole life to the science of our country. His cooperation, for example, with K.P. Stanyukovich on the theoretical aspects of the creation of ammunition was exceptionally highly productive. In his work with KP Stanyukovich, LD Landau studied the problem of detonation of condensed explosives and calculated the rate of outflow of their products. They were able to solve the problem of a strong converging shock wave. The term "Landau - Stanyukovich self-similar regime" has entered into science.
It can also be recalled that in the first months of the Great Patriotic War, due to the miscalculations of the Supreme High Command and the inept leadership of the commanders of many military formations, according to various estimates, from 1,5 to 3 million Red Army (KA) servicemen were captured by the Wehrmacht. From this composition of servicemen, not to mention the captured spacecraft servicemen for all the years of the Great Patriotic War, the Hitlerite command did not manage to form more or less combat-ready forces from the traitors of the Fatherland.
The total number of traitors is significantly less than 1-3% (from the standpoint of mathematical statistics - this is at the level of statistical error) of the number of servicemen who ended up in concentration camps and other casemates in Germany and their satellites. The captured soldiers suffered hunger, bullying, went to their deaths in gas chambers, etc., so as not to turn out to be traitors, not to take up arms against the Motherland. Is this not the highest degree of mass patriotism of prisoners of war, knowing that they will not be welcomed in their homeland after being released from concentration camps ?!
For reference (Wikipedia): in Germany, as part of the Wehrmacht in 1942-1944, the Russian Liberation Army (ROA) was created as the largest military formation from among Soviet prisoners of war who had changed their oath, and local policemen who wanted to fight the Soviet regime from the occupied Soviet republics ... The practical creation of the ROA began after the establishment of the Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia, which was formed in Prague on November 14, 1944. The committee, equivalent to the government in exile, established the Armed Forces of the Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia, which the ROA became. In total, from November 1944 to January 1945, three divisions of the ROA were created (two of them were never completed). By the end of April 1945, the ROA consisted of: 3 infantry divisions, a training reserve brigade, several separate units, an officer's school, 2 reconnaissance schools and 4 aviation squadrons. During the war, there were two clashes with the Red Army, reflected by historians, during which the ROA lost 370 people killed, the losses of the Red Army in these clashes are unknown.
Taking into account the above provisions, when assessing patriotism, it is proposed (see table) to use the following methodological approach, based on the consideration of four levels of patriotism.
Assessment levels of the state of patriotism and their characteristics
Levels of patriotism (characteristic):
1. High. All the main and non-main indicators (indicators) of patriotism are within the threshold values, and the spiritual and moral level of the bulk of the population (multinational people and their ethnic groups, individuals) and the degree of readiness of their existing potential fully comply with the established norms and development goals of the country. The morale of the military formations of the power ministries and departments (first of all, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation) is at a high level.
2. Acceptable. Non-compliance of at least one of the non-main indicators or several of them (no more than ¼ of their total set) with the threshold values, and the main indicators approached the barrier values. At the same time, opportunities were not lost to improve socio-economic conditions and the results of the life of the population and law enforcement agencies through the adoption of preventive measures. The morale of the military formations of power ministries and departments (first of all, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation) is at a fairly high (acceptable) level.
3. Pre-crisis. The discrepancy between less than half (but more than ¼) of non-main indicators and (or) at least one, but not more than 1/4 of the main indicators of patriotism to threshold values. There are signs of the irreversibility of the disintegration of society (first of all, its further stratification) and a partial loss of the country's spiritual and moral potential due to a decrease in the material and spiritual standard of living of the bulk of the population and the exhaustion of resources for uniting society. There is an increase in hazing among servicemen, their morale leaves much to be desired.
4. Critical. More than 1/4 of the main indicators of patriotism do not meet the threshold values and / or at least half (50% or more) of the non-main indicators do not meet the requirements. At the same time, the foundations of the life of the population and the main barriers that determine the stable state and socio-economic development of society are violated, and a partial loss of spiritual and moral potential becomes not only inevitable and inevitable, but also leads to the collapse of the state. There is fermentation and extremist calls in the military environment.
The list, composition and characteristics of the main and non-main (additional) indicators is the subject of a separate study.
In our opinion, the main indicators (indicators) can include:
* The degree to which the system of state and international law functioning in the Russian Federation corresponds to the goals and objectives of the patriotic education of the younger generation, various segments of the population and the military.
For the initial assumptions, see paragraph XNUMX above. Local assessments of systems of state and international law and their comprehensive consideration should be carried out by independent experts.
* The degree of adequacy of the current state information policy, taking into account the intensification of the struggle for Russian youth by foreign special services, information and global business structures and others (based on estimates of independent experts).
A special influence on the younger generation in the West is given to foreign media, including show business, IT business, and media business.
The US National Security Strategy explicitly states:
"States are taking the lead in building relationships with youth around the world, identifying future leaders in government, business and civil society."
The role of youth and entrepreneurs as a driving force of change in the new century is emphasized.
The target is not just brainwashing and psychological treatment of young consciousness with the help of powerful advertising and marketing campaigns, but also specific calls for protests and other actions, including through the use of the “fifth column” and information and communication systems of the Russian Federation from within.
* Ratio of cash incomes of 10% of the richest Russians and 10% of the poorest Russians (Rosstat data).
The share of Russians with incomes below the subsistence level in 2020, according to Rosstat (see Vesti. Ekonomika, 10.02.2021), decreased to 12,1% of the country's population from 12,3% in 2019. According to the department, in 2020 the number of Russians with incomes below the subsistence level amounted to 17,8 million (18,1 million in 2019). In general, in 2020, the 10% of the richest Russians accounted for 29,9% of the total monetary income of the Russian population. The 10% of the poorest Russians accounted for 2,1% of the total monetary income of the country's population. That is, the overall ratio of the wealthiest Russians to the poor is about 14: 1. In the Republic of Belarus, this ratio before the known conflict events was approximately 6: 1.
* Dynamics of the population of the Russian Federation (Rosstat data). The natural decline in the population of Russia in 2020 amounted to 688,7 thousand people, follows from the data of Rosstat in 2021. The number of deaths in January-December 2020 amounted to 2,124 million people and increased compared to 2019 by 18% (in January-December 2019, the number of deaths was 1,8 million).
* The level of development of the education system and the upbringing of patriotism in the school and university environment, as well as the vocational education system (SVE) (based on the assessments of independent experts).
According to Rosstat, in 2020 the education system at the beginning of the 2020/21 academic year covered more than 30,5 million children and youth, including 7,4 million preschoolers of all ages (from 3 to 7 years old - 6,4 million people, from 2 months to 3 years - 1 million), 16,9 million schoolchildren, 3,3 million students in vocational education and 4 million students in the higher education system, including 2,4 million full-time students (60%). At the same time, if the number of students in the secondary vocational education system continues to grow steadily (an increase of 216,6 thousand people in 2020 compared to 2019), then the number of university students has a steady downward trend (in 2020 by 19 thousand people compared to with 2019).
As non-main indicators, it is proposed to use the assessments of independent experts to determine the degree of influence on the education of patriotism of trainees, various segments of the population and military personnel of key events from a large set of them, carried out:
• government agencies (for example, the Patriot Military-Patriotic Park of Culture and Leisure of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation);
• public organizations (for example, "Yunarmiya" - the All-Russian children and youth military patriotic social movement;
• The Boris N. Yeltsin Presidential Center, or the Yeltsin Center, is a public, cultural and educational center created by the BN Yeltsin Presidential Center Foundation. Yeltsin ”- a non-profit socio-political organization;
• other structures and organizations, for example, DOSAAF - Voluntary Society for Assistance to the Army, Aviation and Navy of Russia, an all-Russian public and state organization.
Spiritual strategy
In general, summing up, it can be noted that the education of mass patriotism in a society should be carried out on the basis of spiritual strategy of Russia's national security, which needs to be justified, worked out, approved at the federal level and implemented in accordance with the existing and projected challenges and threats of the XNUMXst century.
Information