The beginning of the concentration of the Wehrmacht mobile forces near our border
The following abbreviations are used in the article: GSh - General base, Spacecraft - Red Army, cd (kn) - cavalry division (regiment), md (mp) - motorized division (regiment), MSP - motorized rifle regiment, pd (pp) - infantry division (regiment), Goals Difference - intelligence materials, RU - Reconnaissance GSh KA, td (tbr, tp, tb) - tank division (brigade, regiment, battalion).
Earlier, two articles were presented on the site with an analysis of the reliability of the Republic of Moldova, which were received by the leadership of the USSR and the spacecraft in 1938–41. In one of them, RM was considered about the presence of our border German troops (mostly infantry)and in the second - dislocations large headquarters. In a new article, we will examine in detail the Republic of Moldova on the German mobile forces. This article completes the cycle of information that came from intelligence to the leadership of the country and the spacecraft on the eve of the war.
The mobile forces in the German armed forces included motorized infantry regiments, motorized rifle, tank and cavalry regiments, anti-tank divisions, motorcycle and infantry, scooter and reconnaissance battalions (bulletin No. 276 of 29.2.40). The article will only consider materials related to the presence and deployment of infantry regiments, infantry, motorized regiments (hereinafter - mp), cd, army divisions, infantry motorized divisions (hereinafter - md).
1938 year. Estimation of the number of German troops
24.3.38 the head of the General Staff B.M. Shaposhnikov prepared a Note stating:
The limiting countries were Finland, Estonia, and Latvia. According to the estimates of the General Staff, in Germany there were 96 pd, 5 ppm, 5 cd and 30 TB (a total of 111 divisions).
The reserve divisions and landwehr divisions did not even closely correspond to the infantry divisions, but even taking into account them, the RMs on the number of infantry fighting forces were greatly overestimated. RM about mobile troops were quite accurate. Intelligence just did not track the rejection of the use of the Wehrmacht cd.
The General Staff suggested that Germany (if it had an enemy represented by Czechoslovakia and France) would set up against the Soviet Union up to 60-65 pd (63 ... 68% of all compounds of this type), 4 cd (80%), 4 ppm (80 %), up to 20 TB (67%). Thus, from among the available mobile forces, Germany will have more than 74% of formations against the USSR.
Where was the German grouping concentrated against the USSR stationed?
Since the summer of 1940, as troops concentrated in the East or against the Soviet Union, the Republic of Moldova has provided information on the divisions deployed on the territory of East Prussia and former Poland (Warsaw direction, Lublin-Krakow district and the Danzig, Poznan, Thorn area).
In the RU report dated 4.4.41, the territories located near the Soviet-Romanian border (Moldova and Northern Dobrudja) were added to the above territories. On April 26, German divisions concentrated in Hungary (Carpathian Ukraine) were included in the report.
By 15.5.41, the grouping of German troops, concentrated against the Soviet Union, was finally determined in the Republic of Uzbekistan. This group was stationed on the territory of East Prussia, former Poland, Romania (Moldova and Northern Dobrudja), Carpathian Ukraine and Slovakia.
According to intelligence, German-Romanian troops were deployed on the Black Sea coast of Romania, which could be used for landing operations in the rear of the OdVO (including in the Crimea). However, these troops were not included in the grouping concentrated against the USSR.
1940 year. Reconnaissance materials about the mobile forces
17.5.40, the report of the 5th Spacecraft Administration (the future of the spacecraft RU) indicates: “According to a noteworthy source, the German army on May 5 [on the] …the territory of former Poland - 20 PD and 2 TD ... " The report does not say anything about the troops that were in East Prussia.
According to Müller-Gillebrant, in the territory of East Prussia and former Poland from November 1939 to July 1940 there were no divisions that could be attributed to the mobile forces.
20.7.40, the report of the 5th Directorate indicates: “In the territory of East Prussia on June 15 it was established up to 7 pd and 2 kp. In the territory of the former Poland ... there were up to 20 pd and 4 kp ”. By June 15, intelligence was somehow able to obtain information about the absence of tank units at the border. However, in the summary, the amount of PD turned out to be overstated by 3,9 times.
The same report states that for the period from June 19 to July 14, 1940, a transfer to East Prussia and to the former Poland of up to two mb, twelve CP, TBR, TP, six TB and the tank unit of an unknown number and numbering was established. A total of more than seven divisions of the mobile forces, which did not actually exist, arrived at our border ...
In the Certificate dated 8.8.40, the total number of mobile troops concentrated near the border can be estimated by the number: up to 6 AP, over 3 cd and 4 mp. Intelligence data on mobile troops is again unreliable, because Until September 1940, there were no tank, motorized, cavalry units or formations at the border.
The summary and reference states the presence of tb at the border. It is now known that before the outbreak of war in the Wehrmacht there were six TBs that were not part of the tank or light divisions.
The 40th TB was formed on 8.3.40 and in 42 days arrived in Oslo.
The 100th flamethrower TB was formed on 1.3.40 and was in Germany until July 1940. From 10.6.41, it was part of the 47th microns (2nd TGr).
The 101st flamethrower TB was formed on 4.3.40 in Germany. By the beginning of the war, it was part of the 39th mk 3rd TGr.
The 102nd flamethrower TB was formed on 31.5.41. By the beginning of the war, it was part of the 1st TGr.
The 211st TB was formed on March 24.3.41, XNUMX in Germany and was sent to Finland.
The 212nd TB was formed in the summer of 1941 on the island of Crete.
From the information presented it is clear that for the 100th and 101st battalions there is no data on their location in the summer and autumn of 1940. As an estimate from above, we accept that they were near our border and that the information on two TBs is correct.
For the tank units were either mythical units or units that had tracked vehicles. In one of the messages received in 1941, it was said that the tank unit was unloaded at the railway station. Nobody saw the tanks themselves, but the source determined that light tanks were in the armament of the unit and this was determined (!) By the track of the tracks on the ground ...
It should be noted that the intelligence services of the Soviet Union were able to obtain accurate information about the name of a sufficiently large number of divisions and regiments, and this is very strange ... It is strange that intelligence knows 24 exact names of the out of 39 available at the border and 135 exact names of the out of 154. It is sad that in reality there are no more than fifteen of these divisions and, therefore, nn - no more than 45 ...
How can this be? This can be only in one case, when the German command specifically spreads rumors or "illuminates" fictitious formations using signs on the shoulder straps of military personnel. A similar situation can be observed with the mobile forces. Of one TD, four TP and eight CP with well-known reconnaissance numbers, the border has neither a tank unit, nor a unit ...
It turns out that the German command consciously from the spring of 1940 imitated the presence of mobile troops at the border before the start of their redeployment from the West and even before the war ... Why did the German command have to do this? According to the author, this was done for the sole purpose: to link the observation of our intelligence sources over the locations of mythical units. In this case, it becomes clear why a significant number of these fictitious regiments and divisions, according to our intelligence, were at their deployment points (quite far from the border) on 21.6.41.
The certificate of the Main Directorate of State Security of the NKVD dated 6.11.40 indicates: “During the operations in France, the German command kept in East Prussia and former Poland up to 27 pd ... [RM RM also has 27 divisions. - Note auth.].
After the surrender of France, the German command began in early July 1940, the mass transfer of troops from west to east and south-east, with the result that concentrated in East Prussia and former Poland:
- until July 16 - up to 40 pd and over 2 td [according to RM RU - 40 pd, up to 2 ppm, tbr, tp and 6 tb. - Note auth.];
- on July 23 - up to 50 pd and over 4 td [according to RM RU - up to 50 pd, two tbr, two tp and 6 tb. - Note auth.];
- on August 8 - up to 54 PD and up to 6 TD [According to RM RU - up to 52 pd, 2 ppm, one td, two tbr, 5 tp and 3 tb. - Note auth. ”
It can be seen from the above document that the data received from the NCO and NKVD intelligence services do not significantly differ from each other and, therefore, all of the indicated RMs are unreliable.
According to Müller-Gillebrant, in East Prussia and former Poland as of 7.10.40 there is one cd, one md and three td. It can be seen that in the Republic of Moldova the number of German formations of the mobile forces is significantly overestimated.
In the draft Note of the People's Commissar of Defense and the Chief of the General Staff in the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks dated 18.9.40, the number of German troops is estimated:
With the war still unfinished with England, it can be assumed that ... of the above ... divisions up to ... 15-17 td, 8 md ... will be directed against our borders ...
In the fall of 1940, the General Staff considered that all the TD and MD (100%) available in the German army would be directed against the USSR.
The summary of RU in the West No. 8 says:
RM on the total number of divisions in the German armed forces is significantly overstated. As of December 21.12.40, 180,7, there were up to 40 divisions in total. This number includes 20 divisions that were in the process of formation or on vacation. Information on the presence of tank and motorized troops is close to their actual number: 12,7 TD and XNUMX MD.
Compared to September 25.9.40, 2.11.40, reconnaissance established a slight increase in mobile troops by one md and two infantry units near the border. Information on the presence of mobile troops at the border can be checked using the map of the General Staff of the Wehrmacht (General Staff OKH) with the situation on XNUMX
On the territory on which the troops are concentrated against the USSR, a part of the 60th MD, 1st Cd, 1st and 6th TD is actually deployed. Up to four divisions, which can be attributed to the mobile forces. And intelligence recorded in this territory up to fourteen TD and MD, as well as 21 CP ...
Is such information reliable? Of course not! These RMs are very similar to misinformation from the German command. How can such a gross error in RM take place? According to the author, this is possible only if there were rumors about the presence of mobile troops near the border in specific settlements or field camps, as well as if certain formations of German troops actively depicted non-existent units and formations ...
The author remembers his promise to provide links for a more detailed examination of the maps of the General Purpose OKH. Links will be presented in the 3rd part of this article. At the address you can find many maps with German intelligence data about the spacecraft.
Early 1941 Reconnaissance Materials on the Mobile Forces
Did the refinement of the Republic of Moldova take place at the beginning of 1941? In February 1941, another RU report was published:
The grouping of the German troops against the ZAPOVO (without East Prussia) ... is ... two TD, one MD ...
The grouping of German troops against KOVO ... is ... three md, one td ...
In total, over 60 divisions are concentrated at the Soviet-German border, including five md and five td. The report notes that part of the mobile forces was relocated from the territory of East Prussia and former Poland to the Balkans. The figure below shows a fragment of the map of the General Staff OKH with the situation on 6.2.41.
On the fragment of the map of the General Staff OKH you can see only 27 German divisions concentrated near our border. This number includes one cd and two td. The locations of all three divisions have not changed with respect to the data from 2.11.40. For three months, all Soviet intelligence services could not find out that instead of 8-10 md and so on, there are only two md and 5-8 mythical formations at the border!
In accordance with the plan of the General Staff on the strategic deployment of the Armed Forces of 11.3.41, it is assumed that Germany will put up all the md and md against the USSR:
Given the end of the war with England, it can be assumed that ... up to 200 divisions, of which up to 165 pd, 20 TD and 15 MDwill be directed against our borders ...
It turns out that from the autumn of 1940 to March 1941 in the General Staff it is assumed that in the event of a war with the USSR, all tank and motorized divisions available in Germany will be concentrated at our borders.
In the RU message received on 11.3.41, the number of German TDs and MDs has already increased:
Recently, information has been received about the formation of heavy tank divisions. The increase in parachute and landing divisions continues. If by the end of active operations in the West there was one parachute and one airborne division in the German armed forces, now there are three parachute and three airborne divisions ...
PM on the number of PDs is again very high. Information on the availability of 22 TD is close to reality, because there were actually 21 of them (including the 5th light division, which included a tank unit). Information on the number of ppm is also close to reality: the report refers to 20 divisions, but in fact there were about 14,3. The difference is quite large, but if we add five more mythical MD at our border to 14,3 md, the total number of divisions practically coincides with the Republic of Moldova. Only there are no five fronts at our borders ...
The misinformation of the German command is received by the RM about the formation of tank divisions armed with heavy tanks and anti-tank anti-aircraft regiments, as well as the formation of up to four landing and landing divisions ... In accordance with the above RU report dated 11.3.41, up to 61 divisions are deployed in the East, including 5 ppm and 4 td. In fact, there are all the same two TDs (1st and 6th) and 1st cd.
In the RU report dated 26.4.41. states that as of April 25th:
Altogether, according to intelligence data, seven md and nine td are concentrated in East Prussia and former Poland ... In fact, the same 1st cd, 1st and 6th td are located at the same points of deployment at the border. This can be seen from the map of the General Staff OKH with the situation on 23.4.41. The only change is the beginning of the arrival of the 4th building in the vicinity of the city of Poznan.
The reconnaissance again brought false data ... The number of md is three times overstated, and instead of the seven detected md there is not one ...
The RMs, which were far from reality, also came from the reconnaissance of the NKVD border troops:
To be continued ...
Information