Prepare for the battles to come, not past
New scientific and technical achievements and new technologies developed on their basis, as a rule, serve as the basis for improving traditional types weapons or the creation of new means of destruction, with greater functionality and allowing more efficient to solve tactical and strategic tasks.Future military clashes and wars are in many respects wars not only of engines, as they said earlier, but these are wars with the widespread use of intellectualized and robotic weapons (combat robots), as well as intellectualized space-distributed military and dual-use systems controlled by military specialists. And one should prepare in advance for such a direction in the development of armaments.
Relying on the results of military-technical analysis and summarizing them taking into account modern scientific and technical achievements and requirements for promising weapons, the author attempted to formulate the basic principles and methods of using weapons of a new class, called distance-cybernetic weapons (ATP). At the same time, ATP is considered as a product of the synergistic use of breakthrough scientific and technical innovations as an intellectual basis for creating promising means of defeating a new class.
Remote cybernetic weapons are understood as means of destruction, the capabilities and level of characteristics of which are largely determined by the use of the latest cybernetic, as well as industrial technologies. At the same time, the key technologies for achieving the aforementioned characteristics of the means of destruction are, as the analysis shows, primarily the technology of creating and using a wide range of small-sized and highly sensitive sensors working on various physical principles and using the processing and analysis of measurement information along with mathematical methods and elements artificial intelligence.
Unlike traditional classes of weapons, DKO carriers do not deliver classical shells, bombs, warheads, warheads, mines, etc to the target area; the mentioned carriers are delivered by combat robots, figuratively speaking, fighter robots. In other words, one of the most important distinctive features of the ATP is the fact that it “shoots” with intellectualized combat robots (ammunition).
In combat robots, intellectualized tools and subsystems are added to the main components of traditional weapons, ensuring the implementation of a number of functions on the adaptive behavior of weapons of destruction of ATPs in the target area (additional exploration and target recognition, searching for the most vulnerable parts of targets, bypassing counteraction zones and obstacles, making decisions to undermine the charge, etc.), which is ultimately aimed at improving the efficiency and reliability of hitting a target with as little power as possible, and first Before the charges in the usual equipment. According to the plan, in the future, the design of the platforms of combat robots should provide them with the opportunity, depending on the destination, to fly around, fly over the surface of the earth, or swim in surface and submerged positions, depending on the destination.
ATP is a weapon of a new type with new functional-combat capabilities. The principles of its construction are based on the synergistic use of new scientific and technical solutions, elements of artificial intelligence, measuring and information technologies of a wide range. Means of destruction of ATPs can be delivered to the area of targets of various kinds of carriers for small, medium and long range, can be multifunctional, as well as the most highly efficient in solving even difficult combat missions due to their unique qualities, properties and functional combat capabilities.
ABOUT THE PRINCIPLES OF BUILDING ATP
Remote cyber weapons are created as a product of the synergistic use of rocket and space, aviation, measuring, robotic intellectualized information technologies and new fundamental scientific and technical solutions. As an example, the article sets out the principles of construction and methods of combat use of these weapons, in particular for the missile-based option, as the most difficult option for implementation, although the launch platforms - launchers can be located on aircraft and sea carriers, as well as on land mobile and stationary means.
Essentially, they have already become classic combat units (BB) —BB of the ballistic type, with which Russian strategic missiles are equipped, are capable of effectively hitting mainly stationary targets with precisely known coordinates (mine launchers, military bases, cities, etc.) . On the flight path to a target of this type of BB, all the time are in the field of view of the means of review of the counteraction systems, and when entering the zone of reach, the fire countermeasures can be struck with a very high probability. On the way to the target, a BB of a ballistic type must, in general, overcome up to seven potential interception lines (a space barrier, three tiers of a missile defense system, an air defense system, and two active defense systems). In this regard, a ballistic type BB cannot adequately disable the main nuclear potential of a potential enemy. The fact is that, for example, more than 80% of the US nuclear potential is located on the mobile base (submarines, airplanes, cruise missiles, warships), and the coordinates of these targets can be known at best only up to the base area. Many targets are located in places that are closed along ballistic approach trajectories (reverse slopes of mountainous terrain, canyons, etc.).
From these circumstances, it can be concluded that it is very difficult to deprive the enemy of nuclear potential (even missiles in the silo are unlikely to hit - they will leave first), while remaining essentially at gunpoint only large cities and stationary objects. Of course, even this situation is unacceptable for the enemy.
As can be seen from this brief analysis, the task of destroying the enemy’s nuclear potential cannot be solved with the help of ballistic-type warheads, especially if the number of domestic BBs is drastically reduced (in accordance with the START-2 and START-3 agreements) and the missile and air defense systems are strengthened. potential adversaries.
A way out of this situation can be the creation and use of winged BB, which have extremely high accuracy of hit (up to direct hit, therefore effective use of conventional explosives is possible), can reconnoiter and hit strategic targets with inaccurately known coordinates, can bypass viewing zones and reach zones missile defense and air defense weapons, as well as to hit targets that are closed along ballistic approach trajectories. Of course, this does not exclude possible opposition from the enemy to the fulfillment of these functions.
The winged BB consists of a heat-shielding hull (TZK), in a form close to the traditional BB, inside of which there is a winged combat subunit (KBSB) with folded wings. KBB in the general case must be equipped with a battle charge (nuclear or conventional); the propulsion system (for example, an air-jet engine with a certain fuel reserve), an inertial control system in combination with the GLONASS CLS and with relief correction subsystems, optical and radar terrain maps; a system of terminal homing by radiation and a system of additional exploration of targets for anomalies created by them against the background of the underlying surface. KBB can be executed as in monoblock execution, and be established in the divided head part.
Flight to the goal is as follows (Fig. 1). A strategic missile is launched, for example, from a stationary or mobile launcher in the direction of a target with an unknown aiming point for the enemy, located before the approach to the target and to the areas of reach of firing countermeasures, or away from them. Using BB steering flaps, they transfer to a horizontal flight at an altitude of 2 – 3 km. KBSB leaves the refueling complex cold and flies at a subsonic speed; therefore, all systems that correct the inertial system can operate. The mentioned correction subsystems use external information in the target area (optical and radar maps of terrain and terrain, magnetic, radiation, chemical, and other anomalies). KBSB can fly at low altitude (20 – 30 m) with rounding of the terrain with high accuracy, can approach the target from any direction and out of sight of the means of sight. The Glonass system, optical and radar correction systems make it possible to control with accuracy 10 – 20 m, of course, if there are well-prepared reference cards in advance, and systems of terminal homing by radiation or according to a target can provide essentially direct hit on the target (with an error no more than 3 – 5 m). The exploration of the target, the coordinates of which are known up to the base area, is carried out by flying along a search trajectory (for example, by tacks or by spiral). Strategic goals, even heavily camouflaged, including submarines, create a large number of unmasking signs against the background of the environment, which can be obtained at a short distance and used for target recognition. For example, with regard to the detection of a submarine, one or several CBBs may scatter acoustic beacons, and after detection, a pending CBBS with a charge may hit the submarine.
Illustration provided by the author. In addition, sensors of magnetic fields and spurious radio emissions of electrical equipment, as well as electromagnetic reconnaissance sensors, which can detect large metal masses, can be used to detect submarines. These sensors can be based both on board the KBSB - intelligence, and be part of the equipment of the beacon. It should also be noted that the functions of the subunit are much broader, and also much broader, the composition of the control system subsystems, including the subsystems of supplementary intelligence, recognition and decision-making for defeating them using elements of artificial intelligence.It should also be noted that CBBs can be delivered to a given pre-launch area of descent either by the described method or with the help of planning supersonic aircraft with low aerodynamic drag, flying the main part of the path to the target in the atmosphere at considerable heights (depending on the variant, at 20 – 25 km or 70 – 80 km). Such devices will be detected by ground stations of missile defense targets at a closer distance from the target, although on such flight paths they are subject to easier defeat by missile defense and air defense systems at a sufficiently large distance from the target.
Winged BBs have very wide functional capabilities both in the types of flight paths and in the types of tasks to be solved. This is ensured, on the one hand, by using the aerodynamic capabilities of the airframe scheme, and on the other, by using a highly intelligent control system that can use information of different physical nature both on the approach to the target and in close proximity to the target or directly from the target . When creating KBB in full, all technological advances can be used (in particular, stealth technology is used, nonmetallic materials are used to make subblock structural elements, etc.) to ensure low visibility (or sharply reduced visibility) on radar screens means of review of countermeasures. With appropriate retrofit, CBB can perform other functions (for example, creating on the distant approaches to our borders the interception lines of attackers of the Kyrgyz Republic, airplanes and surface ships). It is not excluded that with equipping the KBB with appropriate means of destruction, for example, with missiles with thermal homing heads, it is possible to ensure at a great distance from the starting point a high-precision strike on the march of armored, artillery and other equipment. In addition, KBBs equipped with radar GPSs can be used to disable the radar review of the enemy’s anti-aircraft missile defense systems and air defense systems using conventional charges. An analysis of the prospects for the implementation of technical capabilities of the KBB shows that they can also be used as reconnaissance tools at long distances, equipping them with various kinds of reconnaissance sensors and a data transmission system (instead of a charge), supplying information to the consumer, for example, via satellite systems. It is not excluded in the future remote control KBB for adjustable trajectories from a certain control center.
Winged BB can be attributed to the prototype of a future weapon. They can solve strategic strategic missions at intercontinental distances and are essentially flying robots, while high-precision charge delivery to the target along adaptive aeroballistic trajectories is provided by a highly intelligent control system, with the implementation of which it is advisable to use the practical results of the theory of artificial intelligence. KBBs allow solving tasks of both strategic and tactical nature at a great distance and from their own territory, without entering into direct combat contact with the enemy, which corresponds to modern tendencies in the organization of warfare.
With the conversion refinement, KBB can be used to deliver rescue equipment to people in distress in remote, inaccessible areas of the globe, when the survival time of people can be much less than the time of an airplane or the approach of a ship.
OPPORTUNITIES AND STRUCTURE OF COMBAT EQUIPMENT
Above, the principles of the construction of winged BB and their subunits intended for the combat equipment of strategic missiles, as well as approaches to their use for disabling difficult-to-hit strategic targets, were outlined. Summarizing the previously stated about the KBB and considering it in the development perspective, it can be argued that the principles of constructing the KBB and subunits can be the basis for the formation of means of destruction of a new class - means of ATP.
As the analysis of military conflicts of the last decades shows, the creation of such a class of weapons is highly relevant, because with the help of ATP various types and types of troops can more effectively solve their combat missions using conventional (non-nuclear) charges at long distances and from their territory without any contact. with the enemy of our troops and military equipment, driven by people, if the paradigm of priceless human life is put at the forefront. For a humane, normal social order, such a position has indisputable grounds, especially since in this case a highly undesirable nuclear conflict is excluded. It can be assumed that in perspective in military conflicts, serious combat tasks will be performed primarily by remotely-controlled automated robot robots or similar means.
The important distinctive features and properties of the ATP should be attributed primarily to physically extremely fast and extremely high accuracy (up to a direct hit) of delivering charges of weapons of destruction to targets, including hard-to-hit targets located at small, medium or long ranges, the use of supersonic carriers (ballistic or aerodynamic types) that ensure delivery of winged BBs and their subunits equipped with a cybernetic propulsion system to the target area (intellectual bath) control system is used to provide high-precision navigation and additional exploration (recognition) purposes external information into the target area obtained by sensors operating on different physical principles of operation. At the same time, subunits are equipped with appropriate hardware and software for processing information intended for recognizing targets almost in real time and making decisions on detonation of a charge, as a rule, with conventional explosives, as well as equipped with other means and subsystems.
It should be especially emphasized that, as the scientific and technical analysis of the capabilities of the theory and practice of aircraft control shows, the extremely high speed of delivery of charges and the extremely high accuracy of their delivery are essentially incompatible. It is technically possible to ensure extremely high delivery accuracy only at relatively low subblock speeds in the target area. This means that after the flight at extremely high speeds it is necessary to go to lower ones, in particular, to subsonic speeds.
It should also be noted that although the ATP should be equipped, as a rule, with non-nuclear charges, but due to the high accuracy and enhanced capabilities to overcome the countermeasure systems (due to flying at low altitude with a rounding of the terrain and taking measures to ensure a small effective surface area subblocks) with its help it is possible to successfully accomplish tasks of a strategic nature, as well as operational-tactical, given that nuclear weapons are mainly a deterrence weapon. In this regard, it is advisable to look for ways to effectively solve all combat missions using only conventional charges. Such ways and scientific and technical solutions are available. But at the same time, it must be emphasized that nuclear-free means that do not possess extremely high accuracy of hitting (the first tens of meters or a direct hit) cannot even effectively solve strategic tasks. To a large extent, this also applies to operational-tactical tasks. Therefore, one of the key requirements for ATP tools is to ensure high accuracy of hits.
Particular emphasis should be placed on one of the most important conditions for the functioning of the subunits in the target area. Namely, for the area of objectives, digital topographic, optical and radar maps of the terrain should be available in advance, which will be used in the preparation of flight missions depending on the needs. In this regard, it should be emphasized that the mentioned issues of mapping the vicinity of targets in the expected operational areas and the preparation of flight tasks for the subunits and their implementation are the most difficult issues of creating ATP. The GLONASS space navigation system is of great help, but this is not enough.
The operations performed by the KBSB as prototypes or variants of ATP tools have far-reaching analogies with the actions of a pilot piloting a small maneuverable aircraft in the target area at low altitude at subsonic speed, so it’s legitimate to assume that ATP tools are essentially combat flying robots. In this case, the actions of the pilot are automated. There is reason to believe that at present such scientific and technical capabilities for the automation of military equipment are available both in design engineering, algorithmic, instrumentation, and in hardware and software. Examples of solving such private problems are available. It is enough to turn to the scientific and technical achievements in aviation, astronautics and robotics. By the way, this fully applies to ground weapons, which can also be controlled remotely. As the scientific and technical analysis shows, it is possible in the future to control the winged subunits remotely, by analogy with how they operated the lunar rovers and rovers.
The most typical variants of the functional purpose of the winged subunits of the ATP are presented in fig. 2.
Delivery of ATP facilities to the target area can be provided by ballistic or winged supersonic carriers, either singly (one-piece versions), or several pieces at a time by one carrier (group variants). Although the means of delivery mentioned above are a different and separate issue, nevertheless, we note that the scientific and technical possibilities for creating them are beyond doubt. It should be added that, depending on the purpose of the subblocks, in particular, helicopter or parachute circuits, as well as the airship circuit can be used to move them in the air. For movement in the aquatic environment or on the earth's surface, traditional travel patterns can be successfully used.
ADVANTAGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
The advantages and capabilities of the means of destruction of ATP should include:
- extremely fast delivery of charges to targets in combination with extremely high accuracy (up to a direct hit);
- rational use of the properties and capabilities of supersonic missiles (ballistic or aerodynamic types) and subsonic cruise aircrafts;
- increasing the ability to overcome the systems of opposition;
- providing additional exploration and target recognition capabilities;
- delivery of charges to hard-to-hit targets and to targets with inaccurately known coordinates;
- delivery of charges to point targets located at small, continental and intercontinental distances;
- providing interested consumers with information about the object situation in a given area of the Earth;
- providing opportunities to bypass the zones of review of information tools and areas of reach of the fire means of the enemy’s counteraction systems;
- stationary and mobile capabilities of ATP;
- the possibility of introducing ATP facilities into the weapons systems of the Armed Forces and Genera;
- the possibility of obtaining combat subunits of intelligence and navigation information in the target area from space, navigation and other means;
- urgent delivery of relatively light ammunition, weapons or means of salvation to people who have found themselves in difficult situations at considerable distances and in difficult terrain.
EXPECTED EFFECT
As shown by military-technical analysis, the expected effect is multidimensional and has a unique combat potential. Its extremely high level is determined by such components as:
- high accuracy, up to a direct hit, while ensuring the minimum possible delivery time of the KBB to the target area;
- the use of non-nuclear charges for the effective destruction of strategic objects;
- supplementary exploration and destruction of stationary and mobile targets, the coordinates of which are known up to the area of basing;
- destruction of targets closed along the ballistic approach trajectories;
- ensuring the functioning of the sub-blocks of the KBB outside the area of view of the information media and the reach zones of the fire weapons of the countermeasures system;
- destruction of targets at small, continental and intercontinental distances by means of ATP of various nomenclature;
- favorable conditions for the work of the management system; correction systems for relief, radar, optical terrain maps and GLONASS CSN;
- homing system; sensors and information tools of the additional exploration system;
- Fundamental capabilities of equipping with ATP facilities of all types and types of troops in order to more effectively solve their specific combat missions.
Problematic issues
When organizing research and development it is advisable to consider first of all the following questions:
- definition of the class of combat missions, rationally solved by means of ATP. Justification of operational-strategic, tactical and military-technical requirements for ATP facilities. Determine the role and place of ATP facilities in the Armed Forces armament system;
- development of proposals and scientific and technical solutions for ballistic and military-technical substantiation of the possibilities of delivering the KBB to the target area at low altitudes. Formation of requirements for carriers and for KBB (overload, in particular) as a robotic means of destruction;
- study of the scientific and technical possibilities of creating airbags for KBB and subunits delivered to the target area by various carriers (ballistic, hyper-and subsonic), with high-precision navigation, additional exploration and target recognition, self-homing on the counter, as well as advanced functionality combat robots;
- study of anomalies (signs) created by targets against the background of the environment and determining the composition of instrumentation and requirements for measuring anomalies. Investigation of ways of creating additional exploration systems, recognizing various targets for informational signs of different physical nature from board KBB / KBSB. Development of neurocomputer target recognition algorithms at the tempo of the current time by anomalies of physical fields of targets against the background of the environment when integrating information of different physical nature;
- development of methods for the preparation of flight missions for carriers and CBB (subunits) as means of destruction of ATP;
- study of the ways and technologies for creating databases on large-scale maps of the physical fields of the Earth for strategically important land areas;
- development of military-scientific scenarios for the use of ATP. Evaluation of the expected combat effectiveness of ATP facilities. Evaluation of the expected levels of tactical and technical characteristics of the main components of the ATP;
- development, design, manufacture, testing and testing of options for the destruction of ATP, their subsystems and components.
In conclusion, it should be noted once again that the ATP is an effective, first of all, nuclear-free weapon of prevention, pre-emption, deterrence and retaliation, which our country needs now and even more so in the future. ATS is even more effective in nuclear equipment, but the charge power will be required at least by many orders of magnitude lower compared to, for example, charges of typical BB strategic missiles. However, it is obvious that in modern conditions the button of a nuclear weapon cannot be used, since the consequences will be unpredictable and extremely undesirable, because nuclear conflicts are the beginning of the path to the self-destruction of humanity.
There is also reason to note that along with the increased combat capabilities of the Armed Forces, the development of ATP tools will contribute to the development of design ideas for creating new types of weapons, preparing digital maps of the Earth’s physical fields for strategically important areas; wide use of information technologies, automation and intellectualization of weapons, improvement of high-precision navigation tools, sensor equipment, recognition algorithms, methods of high-speed processing and transmission of large amounts of information, means of supercomputer computing equipment, as well as expanding the functionality of weapons and etc. In general, the process of creating ATPs can seriously revitalize military-scientific and military-technical research and will contribute to the introduction of the latest scientific achievements in military equipment in order to increase its combat effectiveness.
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