GBV. Withdraw the troops. Order. Part of 2
Dmitry Yazov, the Minister of Defense, in one of his interviews recalled that Gorbachev called him and said: “We made a decision on the withdrawal of troops and agreed on a price in 36 of billion marks for housing, etc.”. The Minister of Defense had a question: why such a decision is made at a country house in Arkhyz, and not in Moscow? Why without an invitation from the Ministry of Defense? After all, Defense Minister Dmitry Yazov was not invited to Arkhyz.
Then, in July 1990, Yazov decided to personally verify the situation in the Western Group. He created an ad hoc working group of Ministry of Defense staff, one of whose tasks was real estate appraisal of the western group of troops. By this time, independent experts, who assessed real estate of Soviet property in the territory of the GDR, determined the cost of the infrastructure of Soviet townships in approximately 50 billion German marks.
A working group of the Ministries of Defense flew to Germany in October 1990. She was headed by a young lawyer, Dmitry Yakubovsky. This was a direct order of Lukyanov, Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. 1 November 1990 on the table Anatoly Lukyanov laid down a report, which confirmed the ownership of all real estate property of the Western Group. The essence of the report: we are the owners, and as owners we can sell this property. The second part of the report - the estimated part of the property. The cost is from 12 to 20 of billions of marks, ”Yakubovsky said in one of his interviews. During the week that Yakobovsky spent in Germany, trains with humanitarian aid had already gone to the Soviet Union. All together we decided to forget about Yakubovsky and his report.
Gorbachev did not raise the issue of property valuation before the Germans.
Today, some houses, such as Wünsdorf, have fallen into disrepair. And others have acquired new owners. Today, from the past here remains only the name of the stop “House of Officers”.
An attempt to deal with German property will be fatal for many managers: the head of the control department of the presidential administration of the USSR, Yuri Boldyrev, will be fired for this. But it will be two years later. In the meantime, the withdrawal of troops went on as usual. Rather, the training camp took place in a hurry. The houses weren’t prepared for the reception: airplanes, Tanks dumped into the open field, no barracks were built. Half of the 14 billion German marks that were credited to the accounts were stolen. And what they built was crumbs compared to what was planned.
In January 1992, the command of the 52029 unit received an order to prepare for sending it back home. Only the homeland is now almost every soldier and officer had his own. The Soviet Union called for them to serve in the army, and they would return to different countries. At that time, many officers already realized that they are not needed by today's authorities, that bleak times are awaiting.
But while they were preparing to be sent home. When they began to discuss where to hold the main parade of Soviet troops, devoted to the withdrawal from Germany, the Germans offered to hold it in the city, where Hitler promised the German people to bring Stalin in a cage. But we chose Berlin. The Berlin farewell ceremony in Treptow Park, where the Vuchetich memorial complex was located, was proposed by the Soviet side and obtained German consent.
President Boris Yeltsin, who flew specially to Berlin, revives the farewell ceremony. AT stories the orchestra conducts, although in Treptow Park, Yeltsin also sang: “Kalinka, Kalinka, Kalinka is mine”. Yeltsin's musical experiences made a great impression on Western politicians. In addition, Yeltsin at that time has a habit of moving away from the written text with a cunning facial expression and speaking his famous “staff-a-a” with such an arrangement that it was not clear whether he really drank or was joking.
But the military behaved with dignity.
- Dear President of the Russian Federation, Chancellor, I report: the interstate agreement on the temporary stay and the planned withdrawal of the Soviet troops from Germany has been fulfilled.
Such words were heard in 1994 by Yeltsin and Kohl on the parade ground from Colonel-General Matvey Burlakov, commander of the ZGV, who led the withdrawal of the Soviet troops. Burlakov was engaged before the withdrawal of troops from Hungary. The cadre soldier, who went all the way from the cadet of the Omsk military school, commander of a motorized rifle regiment to the commander of the Southern Group of Forces in Hungary, from 1990, he headed the Western Group of Forces in Germany: four times more than in the whole army GDR
“For forty-nine years of the presence of our troops in Germany, we never frightened anyone, but we were not afraid of anyone either. As the most powerful grouping of the Soviet and Russian armed forces, the Western Group honestly fulfilled its historic mission to ensure peace and stability in Europe. It is not yet known how the post-war world structure would have been, if not the Soviet troops in Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Poland, ”said Col. Gen. MP in his interview with 2005 year. Burlakov, who became the last commander of the Western Group of Forces.
The character of Burlakov manifested a combative: what was the cost of his picking with Foreign Minister Edward Shevardnadze. But politicians rushed the military.
1 September 1994 of the year, a day later 50 years after the start of World War II, the withdrawal of Russian troops from Germany was completed.
But then few people thought how the fate of Europe and the world would change on the political map, when bravura marches resound. Germany has found another patron in NATO.
Veterans are still coming to Berlin today. But for this they need to get a visa. And the modern look of the city has become different. Particularly striking worn inscriptions on the Reichstag.
No, they never considered this bit of land on which they served to be theirs to the end. But it is always difficult to say goodbye to memory, with those best years that they gave to the service.
The fate of the veterans who served in the GSVG at one time was different. But it became their peculiar brand for life. Memories of the service became a rallying point for the organization of public associations. Today, the priority of their existence is, first of all, various forms of patriotic work.
The veteran association GSVG of three districts of the Rostov region organized and conducted a motor rally dedicated to tanks. The rally route passed through the territory of three districts: Kashar, Bokovsky and Verkhnedonsky. The veterans got into the cars and drove to where the tank monuments were installed, mostly T-34. There are such formidable witnesses of past battles in almost every Russian region. Interestingly, some smart businessmen-politicians of the local spill — this is the deputy head of the district administration for communal services and his accomplices — tried several years ago to sell such a monument-tank, EC-3М, located in the territory of the Belokalitvensky district. Thanks to media interventions, law enforcement agencies were able to stop this crime. But it was necessary to guess! Sell a tank! So after all, buyers have already been found. For 4,5 million rubles.
The first stop of the motor rally column took place at the entrance to the Kashara suburb from the side of the Vyoshenskaya stanitsa, where a heavy tank from the times of the Great Patriotic War was installed. A solemn meeting was held here with the participation of Kashar veterans of service in the tank forces and GSVG, tenth-graders of the Kashar school, cultural workers of the Kashar DK.
The rally participants and, above all, guests from the Verkhnedonsky district, were greeted by the head of the Kashar district, I.M. Falynskov, who also served in the tank forces. He briefly recalled the story of the appearance of the tank.
In response, the organizer of the rally was made by the chairman of the organization of veterans of the GSVG, P.N. Ivaschenko. He recalled his service in the GSVG, the tank armies stationed in Germany, spoke about the work of the association for the patriotic education of youth, about the tasks of the ongoing rally.
Deputy Chairman of the Association of Veterans GSVG Verkhnedonskogo district Yu.N. Pozdnyakov awarded commemorative public medals "70 years of the formation of GSVG" to a number of Kasharians.
Those who served in the GSVG received memorable certificates “Veteran GSVG”.
The performance of the chief of staff of the Ponomarevsky yurt of the Cossack colonel A.I. Kvitkina, who has been engaged in writing and poetry for many years. At the rally, he read his poem dedicated to the liberation of Kashar in December 1942 of the year, which ended with the following lines:
For platoon platoon,
for a company of companies,
Both tanks and infantry are gone
Dear fame and victories
And the memory of the coming years!
At the end of the meeting, the participants laid wreaths at the foot of the monument-tank. Sounded the anthem of Russia. And then the well-known and beloved songs sounded: “Three Tankmen”, “Hot Snow” and others.
A field kitchen was organized for the rally participants, where everyone could taste the soldier's porridge.
The next rally stop was a monument-tank in the Bokovsky district, installed on the 31 kilometer of the Vyoshenskaya-Millerovo highway, at the turn to the Bokovskaya village.
Here veterans of two regions met. GSVG veterans of the Verkhnedonsky district near the tank were waited by their fellow veterans of the Bokovsky district. The leader of the lateral association GSVG told the audience about the exploits of the tank crews of the 1 Mechanized Order of Lenin of the Guards Corps, which was part of the 3 Guards Army, which liberated Bokovsky district from the Nazi invaders. Mekhkorpus under the command of Lieutenant-General Ivan Nikitich Russiyanov passed with liberation battles throughout the Stalingrad front.
In their honor, in 1968, a monument-tank T-34 was installed in the Bokovsky district according to the design of the architectural group of the Rostov Regional Executive Committee. It stands at the crossroads of several roads leading to Volgograd and the village of Vyoshenskaya. For many years, being a symbol of unbreakable victory, causing the attention of all passing by the tank. He became a kind of road, a memorable milestone.
Wreaths were laid at the foot of the monument.
The last destination, where the convoy of the rally arrived with the flags of the tank forces and the GSVG, became my home farm, Meshcheryakovsky, where the tank monument is also located. This little farm has already become so small, like shagreen leather, shrinking and shrinking every year, with each departure of another family, leaning for work in the city.True homeland today evokes warm, pleasant memories and still carries unbreakable islands of memory, to which the soul is drawn. Near the monuments-tanks graduates and newlyweds are always photographed, children play around them, considering the terrible weapon past war. And the old-timers say that the tanks are so durable that they can join the battle if you put the engine.
Next to the tank is a memorial with plates, where the names of the dead soldiers-fellow countrymen are stamped.
On the day of the rally arrival, a rally was held here near the memorial with the participation of residents of the hamlet and schoolchildren.
A lot of interesting told local ethnographer, one of the keepers of the museum of local lore Peter Esakov. In particular, he recalled the story of the appearance of a memorable tank in Meshcheryaki.
In turn, P.N. Ivaschenko spoke about the interesting pages of his service in the GSVG, the shock part of which was the Guards tank armies, as well as the patriotic tasks of the rally. He presented commemorative medals to fellow countrymen who served in tank forces. Among them were S.I. Davydov, F.T. Suyarov, K.F. Ventsov, A.V. Pertsev, Yu.V. Kaverin, A.V. Astashov, V.V. Degtyarev, I.A. Sapronov, A.M. Mosquitoes and others.
Then, in Meshcheryakovsky House of Culture, a festive concert was held for the rally participants, prepared by cultural workers. At the end of the visit to Meshcheryaki, the rally participants visited a small local history museum: or rather, it was a museum room organized by activists-educators. Here, bit by bit all the historical drops were collected - bitter and good - the feats of the countrymen who did not return from the Civil and Patriotic War.
The rally ended with informal communication in nature, where the GSVG veterans and tank forces exchanged memories of service, impressions of a bright and eventful event.
One of the participants of the race, A.V. Pepperov, accompanying himself on the guitar, performed his new song to the music of “Three Tankmen”, the words of which he wrote about tank forces, he composed himself. The words of this song, unsophisticated and simple, stirred up good feelings and memories of the service of all participants in the rally.
Veterans of the Western Group of Forces began to unite in the 1994 year, with the filing of the former ZGV commander, Matthew Burlakov. In the same year a founding conference was held. This initiative was supported in many Russian regions, but not in all. Many veterans unite by themselves, as the veterans of the three districts of the Rostov region did.
Information