Donetsk Republic: Suddenly Resurrected Dream
Revolutionary poster. Displays the mood in the Donetsk-Krivoy Rog republic
Is it possible to erase the whole country from the memory of a nation? It turns out you can! If you open a modern Ukrainian textbook storiesthen about the UNR there will be forty pages, about ZUNR - fourteen, and about the Donetsk-Krivoy Rog republic (originally it was called simply Donetsk), which declared the German Empire in 1918 during the war and personally Kaiser Wilhelm, who possessed armed forces larger than the UPR and ZUNR armies put together, heroically fighting with the Germans for several months, having their own government, ideology and pursuing a policy independent of both Moscow and Kiev, not a word was said! As if this republic was not. But she was! By the way, with the capital in ... Kharkov, and then - in Lugansk, and with such charismatic leaders as Comrade Artem and Klim Voroshilov - in the future Commissar of Defense of the USSR! This fact cannot be crossed out of their biography, as you will not demolish the giant monument to Artem in Svyatogorsk, which literally ascended over the whole Donbas.
Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Republic was the most taboo topic in Soviet historical science. Over the past half century, only one Ph.D. thesis has been defended about it! In the Stalinist Great Soviet Encyclopedia, the article about DKR was completely absent, despite the fact that the son of Artem who was killed in 1921 under mysterious circumstances was brought up in the family of the leader of the USSR.
Voroshilov on horseback. This monument to one of the heroes of the DKR still stands in Lugansk
PROHIBITED COUNTRY. Something more could be learned about it from the second volume of the “Radiansk encyclopaedia of the History of Ukraine”, published in 1970, already at a standstill. I quote in the original language: “Donetsk-Krivorizka Radyanska Respublika - happy. Republican, glorified on the 4-th regional z'їzdі Glad robіtn. deputies of the Donetsk Krivorivka Basin, just like 27 — 30.І (9 — 12.II) 1918 in Harkovi. Until її Mali warehouse includes Kharkov. І Katerynl provinces that lay before them prom. Areas of Oblast Vіska Donskogo "...
And indeed - precisely the Don Cossacks. After all, anyone who comes to visit friends in the current Donetsk (formerly Yuzovka, and then Stalin), located on the banks of the Kalmius river, will be told that Makeevka is on the opposite bank and now almost merged with the capital of Donbass, was part of the revolution Don troops. The border between the Ekaterinoslav Governorate and the Army passed just along the river, and now all this in some mysterious way turned out to be part of an independent Ukraine, as school textbooks are silent about. And it turned out, pay attention, without any conquest! With the help of only the administrative tricks of the Moscow Bolsheviks, who won the Civil War. After all, if White had won, they would have not given Makiyevka to anyone! Would she and today at the Don Cossacks.
The Book of Kornilov - the first work on the history of the forgotten state
The same "Encyclopedia" quite highly appreciated the successes of the Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Republic and, most importantly, indicated that it was not part of Ukraine, but of the Russian Federation! Here, admire: “Radnarkom D.-K. R.r. for the hour of your foundation, great work, directed to the installation and zmіtsnennya vlady Rad, to the development of Mr. th cult. budіvnitstvа, on polіpshennya dobrobutu working masses і on zdіysnennya dekretіv Rada. vladi. If the Austro-Nimets occupation of Ukraine began in 1918, the Radnarkom protested against the occupants of the territories. D.-K. R.r., motivating tse tim that D.-K. R.r. - Tse Autonomous Republic of Ros. federation, not sub-Ukrainian. to the nationalists, at the request of some foreign imperialists, Ukraine was slandered.”
By the way, besides the encyclopedia, one could learn about DKR except from the rarely republished (as imbued with the ideas of Stalinism, not fashionable after the former Trotskyite Khrushchev came to power) Alexey Tolstoy's novel “Bread” written in 1935 year: “The first Luhansk detachment, when it turned out that the Reds under Konotop were crushed, retreated from Vorozhba to the south-east, to the station Osnova, near Kharkov.
In Kharkiv, there was a hasty evacuation of workers' detachments, military property, vehicles, factory materials. The Council of People’s Commissars of the Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Republic, the Bolshevik government of the Donets Basin, was also leaving.
Comrade Artem, who died in 1921, was the first head of the Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Republic
When the Germans launched the offensive, Prime Minister Artem sent an ultimatum to Emperor Wilhelm, where he warned that if the borders of the Donetsk-Krivoi Rog Republic, which had no connection with Ukraine, were violated, the republic would consider itself at war with Germany.
This document was delivered to the commander-in-chief of the advancing German forces, General Eichhorn, on a quarter paper with a smeared purple stamp. Three times the translator read an amazing document to the general. "This is a joke? The general asked. - Mr. Comrade Artem - damn it! - considers himself in a state of war with Germany ". For a second, the general hesitated: whether to burst from indignation or, clutching at the arms of chairs, to laugh to tears ...
But, one way or another, the Donetsk-Krivoy Rog republic considered itself to be in a state of war with the German occupiers. The government moved to Lugansk and, together with the Ukrainian red forces, made every effort to keep the Germans out of the areas of the factories and mines of Donbass.
The forces were unequal. The remnants of the five red Ukrainian armies, the guerrilla and hastily formed workers detachments joined them, did not even count twenty thousand fighters. ”
The realities of the Civil War. Left ideas turned out to be the most popular in 1917 — 1920
GUILTY, DON'T GIVE UP. Nevertheless, these were very persistent and, as they would say today, “passionary” fighters. The defense of Lugansk was headed by Voroshilov - “Lugansk fitter, Stalin’s people's commissar”, as 30’s already sang in the song when Kliment Yefremovich joined the official Soviet leaders, and Lugansk became Voroshilovgrad. But the cult of Voroshilov was formed not from emptiness and not in the empty place. This man in an era when there was no mobile phones or the Internet, without any money could collect half of Lugansk for a rally for Soviet power. The workers idolized him and literally carried them on their hands. The equestrian monument to Voroshilov in Lugansk, as well as the remarkable Lenin monument in the same place, are the symbols of the enormous popularity of the Bolsheviks in this industrial region of the former Russian Empire. In the 1918 year, when the troops of the Donetsk-Krivoy Rog republic, headed by Voroshilov, defended Lugansk from the Germans, the workers' wives handed over cartridges to the soldiers, lining up a living chain from an ammunition factory to trenches. Here you have the “Skhid ta Zakhid at once” ... After all, behind the backs of the Germans, the liquid chains of the decorative formations of the Central Rada were miserably hidden ... And the memory of this did not fade away in the Luhansk region.
Another quote from the story "Bread": "On the highway Kharkiv - Lugansk (between the location of 5 and the Donetsk army) there was an evacuation of Kharkov. Here, without losing a single day, it was necessary to create a strong and stable group. The core for it could serve as the Lugansk detachment of Voroshilov, standing on this highway at the station Osnova. The Kharkov communist detachment under the command of Lukash was poured into him. To him it was decided to join the former Xiversse army Sivers. Miners and workers' detachments were supposed to join him on the way from Kharkov to Lugansk. This new group of forces was called the 5 Army. Its commander, by decision of the Donetsk-Krivoy Rog government, appointed Voroshilov ".
Nevertheless, despite the heroic defense of Lugansk, “Radyanska encyclopedias of the history of Ukraine” estimated the creation of the Donetsk-Krivoy Rog republic very negatively: “The creation of D.-K.R.R. pardon me, because they didn’t cite a serious need for the work of the people of Ukraine, weakened the role of the industrial proletariat of Lt. liberty at war for peremogu of the Great Zheng
Strange wording, isn't it? The republic fights against the Germans, not sparing its stomach, and its existence is declared a “mistake”, as if the encyclopedia authors sympathized with the German invaders, and not with the working class of Donbass. How could this happen? But the fact is that neither the official head of the DKR Artem (Sergeyev), who returned from the Australian emigration in 1917, nor any unknown Voroshilov belonged to the closest circle of Lenin, Trotsky and other members of the Central Committee - the so-called "old guard", friendship which was sealed by joint drunkenness in Geneva, London and Paris and party cultural campaigns (almost whole congresses) around European brothels.
Horror Commissar Skrypnyk. He was infuriated by the Russian-speaking Donbass
KNIFE TO THE SPIN FROM THE NATIONAL BOLSHEVIK BIRTHMARK. This intimate circle of loyal Leninists included one of the most heinous figures of that era — the future People's Commissar of Education of the Ukrainian SSR Nikolay Skrypnyk, who was then appointed head of the Ukrainian Soviet government, hastily appointed by Moscow. Subsequently, he just shot himself, doukrainizing, as they say, to the handle of the gun. But in the spring of 1918, this revolutionary maniac, who loved to shoot most of all, was still full of strength and bureaucratic passion. He was very afraid that out of nowhere Artem who had taken with his republic would bypass him in the battle for the sympathy of dear Vladimir Ilyich and leave him without work and position. Having lost the Ukrainian nationalists in Kiev, together with Yevgeny Bosch, Skrypnyk was now looking for a cushy place and in every way drove the leader of the world proletariat into the leadership of the red republic, which had declared itself part of Soviet Russia, not at the behest of Lenin's Council of People's Commissars. And did the same, the demon!
Think about how Lenin, who had never been in Kiev, who was unable to distinguish a dumpling from a dumpling, about the true state of affairs in Ukraine, should be misinformed, so that Ilyich would write to Ordzhonikidze in his expressive manner: “As for the Donetsk Republic, tell his comrades ..., that, no matter how they manage to isolate their region from Ukraine, judging from the geography of Vinnychenko, it will still be included in Ukraine, and the Germans will conquer it ”.
The “geography” of Vinnichenko, who was in fact not a geographer, but a nationally preoccupied literary pornographer (and, concurrently, the first head of the government of the Central Rada) turned out to be Lenin, who had fallen under the influence of the half-mad Skrypnyk (you must admit that a suicide cannot be a normal person!) closer than the actual situation in the Donbas and the will of the local workers who took weapon! Paradox, and more! But it was, as often happens in history!
Poster 1919 g. Demonstrated the unity of the Reds of Russia and Ukraine
"PLAYING IN THE CARD AND SLEEP." Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Republic died without receiving assistance from Moscow. Naturally, she could not single-handedly fight the half-million occupying army of the German Reich. Moreover, other revolutionary units located in the neighborhood rapidly decayed under the leadership of characters similar to Skrypnyk. Open the same story "Bread". It is documentary and shows that in Stalin's time they sometimes spoke much more truth about the Civil War than we imagine: “At that time, the news came that the former Sivers 5-I army in Valuyki could not join Voroshilov because decomposition ... "Instead of fighting, the soldiers leave the land and catch fish in the Oskol River ... Guards on the line play cards and sleep ... All sorts of spies go through the front ... Wild gunfire occurs, dulling the possibility of recognition - where does the xy happen iganskaya waste of ammunition, and where there is really a fight ... "
Alexey Tolstoy, who adored any juicy details, quoted genuine combat reports that showed how other red troops in Ukraine fought at that time - loyal to Moscow, but for some reason expressing their loyalty not by fighting the Germans, but by playing cards and fishing for crucians! Some died, others - drunk and decomposed. In general, as always.
Persuaded. DKR agreed to enter the Ukrainian SSR while maintaining linguistic rights
REPUBLIC THROUGH THE THROAT. Departing from Lugansk, Voroshilov’s army played a prominent role in the defense of Tsaritsyn (the future of Stalingrad) from the whites. The revolutionary detachments of the Lugansk workers became the soul of the defense of this city. In the same place - during the "Tsaritsyn seat" - the friendship of Voroshilov and Stalin began. Tsaritsyn was called the “red Verdun”. But no one has ever guessed that in this Verdun two friends are slowly coming to the idea of a “meat grinder” for the entire Leninist guard raving about the world revolution - for Trotsky, Zinoviev, Kamenev and other Radeks who decomposed on the Kremlin rations. A young, healthy generation in the party will finish off the old and rotten.
And the Donetsk-Krivoy Rog republic, still under Lenin, for the sake of increasing the percentage of the proletariat, would be attached to rural Soviet Ukraine, to the joy of Skrypnyk, so that he would have someone to “Ukrainize” and she would become a legend. But repressed into the subconscious, forgotten and slandered, this republic will not disappear! She will sprout in a completely unexpected moment. The Donbass included in Ukraine will confuse all the cards for Ukrainian nationalists. I remember how quite recently one not very stupid person argued to me that the candidate who was born closer to the center — somewhere in Dnepropetrovsk, Volyn, or at least in Horodivka — would always win the presidential election in Ukraine. But it turned out that the Donbass, located not in the geographic center, but in the very east of the country, at one point transforms its economic dominance into a political one. The economy defeated ethnography and began to form a new reality of the multilingual and multi-ethnic Ukrainian nation, organically incorporated into the large East Slavic Russian world. For many, this is not yet obvious. But the secret is already in front of our eyes becomes clear. The greed of the violinists, who acted on the eternal principle: “I can do it - I’m all nshe - ponkadkušuyu!”, Led them to a historic defeat. Figuratively speaking, they ... choked Donetsk-Krivoy Rog republic, which became them across the throat and never digested to the end. Artem winked at them even from the next world.
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