Citizen and poet. Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky
Who hides the past jealously,
That is unlikely with the future in tune ...
A. T. Tvardovsky, “By the Right of Memory”
That is unlikely with the future in tune ...
A. T. Tvardovsky, “By the Right of Memory”
Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky was born 21 June 1910, on the farm Zagorje, located near the village of Selco (now Smolensk region). The surrounding area, according to the poet himself, "was away from the roads and was quite wild." Tvardovsky's father, Trifon Gordeevich, was a complex man with a strong and strong-willed character. The son of a retired landless soldier, from a young age he worked as a blacksmith and had his own distinctive style and style of products. His main dream was to get out of the peasant class and ensure a comfortable life for his family. He had no energy in this - besides the main work, Trifon Gordeevich rented a forge and took contracts for the supply of hay army. Shortly before the birth of Alexander, in 1909, his dream came true - he became a “landowner”, acquiring an unsightly plot of thirteen hectares. Tvardovsky himself recalled on this occasion: “We, young children, he from a very early age inspired respect for this podzolic, sour, unkind and stingy, but our land, as he jokingly called our“ estate ”...”
Alexander was born in the family of the second child, the eldest son Kostya was born in 1908. Later, Trifon Gordeevich and Maria Mitrofanovna, the daughter of an impoverished nobleman Mitrofan Pleskachevsky, had three more sons and two daughters. In 1912, the parents of Tvardovsky Sr. - Gordei Vasilyevich and his wife Zinaida Ilinichna moved to the farm. Despite their simple origins, both Trifon Gordeevich and his father, Gordey Vasilievich, were literate people. Moreover, the father of the future poet knew Russian literature well, and, according to Alexander Twardowski’s memoirs, evenings on the farm were often devoted to reading books by Alexei Tolstoy, Pushkin, Nekrasov, Gogol, Lermontov ... Trifon Gordeevich knew many poems by heart. It was he who in 1920 presented his first book to Sasha, the volume of Nekrasov, who traded at the market for potatoes. This treasured little book Tvardovsky kept throughout his life.
Trifon Gordeevich passionately wanted to give his children a decent education and in 1918 he arranged for the elder sons of Alexander and Konstantin at the Smolensk gymnasium, soon transformed into the first Soviet school. However, the brothers studied there for only one year - during the Civil War the school building was requisitioned for the needs of the army. Before 1924, Alexander Tvardovsky changed one village school to another, and after finishing sixth grade he returned to the farm - by the way, he returned to the Komsomol. By that time, he had been writing poems for four years - and the further, the stronger and stronger they “took” the teenager. Tvardovsky Sr. did not believe in the literary future of his son, he laughed at his passion and scared of poverty and hunger. However, it is known that he loved to boast of Alexander's print speeches after his son took the place of the selkor of Smolensk newspapers. This happened in 1925 - at the same time, the first poem by Tvardovsky “Hut” was published. In 1926, at the provincial congress of the Selkors, a young poet became friends with Mikhail Isakovsky, who for the first time became his “guide” to the world of literature. And in 1927, Alexander Trifonovich traveled to Moscow, so to speak, “to explore”. The capital stunned him, he wrote in his diary: "I walked along the sidewalks, where Utkin and Zharov walked (popular poets of the time), great scientists and leaders ...".
From now on, the native Zagorje seemed to the young man a dull backwater. He suffered, being cut off from the "big life", eagerly communicating with young writers like himself. And at the beginning of 1928, Alexander Trifonovich decided on a desperate act - he moved to live in Smolensk. The first months of the eighteen-year-old Tvardovsky was very, very difficult in a big city. In his autobiography, the poet remarks: "He lived in beds, corners, hung around the editors." Coming from the village, for a very long time he could not feel himself a city dweller. Here is one more late confession of the poet: “In Moscow, in Smolensk, there was a painful feeling that you were not at home, you did not know something, and you could be ridiculous every moment, get lost in an unfriendly and indifferent world ...”. Despite this, Tvardovsky actively joined the literary life of the city — he became a member of the Smolensk branch of the RAPP (Russian Association of Proletarian Writers), alone and in brigade teams traveled around collective farms and wrote a lot. His closest friend in those days was the critic, and later the geological scientist Adrian Macedon, who was a year older than Twardowski.
In 1931, the poet had his own family - he married Maria Gorelova, a student at the Smolensk Pedagogical Institute. In the same year their daughter Valya was born. And next year, Alexander Trifonovich himself entered the Pedagogical Institute. In it, he studied for a little over two years. The family needed to be fed, and as a student it was difficult to do. Nevertheless, his position in the city of Smolensk was strengthened - in 1934 Tvardovsky as a delegate with a consultative voice attended the first All-Union congress of Soviet writers.
After his departure from the family nest, the poet rarely visited Zagorje, approximately once a year. After March, 1931 didn’t have anyone to visit him on the farm. Back in 1930, Trifon Gordeevich was imposed a high tax. In order to save the situation, Tvardovsky Sr. entered the agricultural artel, but soon, unable to cope with himself, he took his horse from the artel. Fleeing from prison, Tvardovsky Sr. escaped to the Donbass. In the spring of 1931, his family, remaining on a farm, "dispossessed" and sent to the Northern Urals. After some time, the head of the family came to them, and at 1933, he led everyone to today's Kirov region - to the Russian Turek village. Here he settled down under the name of Demyan Tarasov, the rest of the family also carried this name. This "detective" story ended in 1936, after Alexander Trifonovich published the poem “Country of Ant”, which served him as a “pass” to the first rows of Soviet writers and to the world of great literature.
Tvardovsky began working on this work at 1934, being impressed by one of Alexander Fadeev's speeches. By the fall of 1935 the poem was complete. In December, it was discussed in the Moscow House of Writers, and it was triumphant for Tvardovsky. Only Maxim Gorky’s negative feedback was a fly in the ointment, but Alexander Trifonovich did not lose heart, writing down in his diary: “Grandfather! You just sharpened my pen. I will prove that you gave a mistake. ” In 1936, "The Land of Muravia" was published in the literary magazine "Krasnaya Nov." She openly admired Mikhail Svetlov, Korney Chukovsky, Boris Pasternak and other recognized writers and poets. However, the main connoisseur of the poem was sitting in the Kremlin. He was Joseph Stalin.
After the resounding success of "The Land of Murabia", Tvardovsky arrived in the Russian Turek village and took his relatives to Smolensk. He placed them in his own room. Besides, he was no longer needed for him now - the poet decided to move to Moscow. Shortly after the move, he entered the third year of the famous IFLI (Moscow Institute of History, Literature and Philosophy), through which many famous writers passed through the late thirties. The level of teaching in an educational institution was, by the standards of that time, unusually high - the greatest scientists worked at IFLI, the entire color of the humanities of those years. Students were also like teachers - it is worth mentioning at least the poets who became famous later: Semyon Gudzenko, Yuri Levitansky, Sergey Narovchatov, David Samoilov. Unfortunately, many graduates of the institute died on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War. Tvardovsky, who came to IFLI, did not get lost on a common, brilliant background. On the contrary, according to the records of Narovchatov, “in the Ifli sky, he stood out with the size of his figure, character, and personality”. Writer Konstantin Simonov - a graduate student at IFLI at the time - confirms these words, recalling that "IFLI was proud of Twardowski." This was due to the fact that while the poet "humbly" studied, critics in every way extolled him to "The Country of Murabia." No one dared to call Tvardovsky's “kulak hemming”, which often happened before. Alexander Trifonovich graduated from IFLI with honors in 1939 year.
For the sake of justice, it is worth noting that in these prosperous years of misfortune did not bypass the writer side. In the autumn of 1938, he buried his half-year-old son who died of diphtheria. And in 1937 his best friend Adrian Macedon was arrested and sentenced to eight years in prison. At the beginning of 1939, a decree was issued on awarding a number of Soviet writers, and Twardowski among them. In February he was awarded the Order of Lenin. By the way, among those awarded, Alexander Trifonovich was perhaps the youngest. And in September of the same year the poet was drafted into the army. He was sent to the west, where, while working in the editorial office of the newspaper “Sentinel Motherland”, he took part in the accession to the USSR of Western Belarus and Western Ukraine. With this war, Tvardovsky collided at the end of 1939 when he was sent to the Soviet-Finnish front. The death of the fighters terrified him. After the first battle, which Alexander Trifonovich observed from the regimental command post, the poet wrote down: "I returned in a serious state of bewilderment and depression ... It was very hard to internally cope with this myself ...". In 1943, when the Great Patriotic War was already thundering around, in “Two Lines”, Tvardovsky recalled the young soldier who died on the Karelian Isthmus: “As if dead, lonely, / As if it was me lying. / Frozen, small, killed / In that war, not famous, / Forgotten, small, I lie. " By the way, it was during the Soviet-Finnish war in a number of feuilletons, the introduction to which was invented by Tvardovsky, the first character appeared under the name of Vasya Terkin. Tvardovsky himself later said: “Terkin conceived and invented not by me alone, but by many people - both writers and my correspondents. They actively participated in its creation. ”
In March, the 1940 war with the Finns ended. The writer Alexander Beck, who often communicated with Alexander Trifonovich at the time, said that the poet was a man "alienated from everyone by some seriousness, as if he was at a different level." In April of the same year, “for valor and courage” Tvardovsky was awarded the Order of the Red Star. In the spring, 1941 was followed by another high award - Alexander Trifonovich was awarded the Stalin Prize for the poem “Country of Ant”.
From the first days of the Great Patriotic War Tvardovsky was at the front. At the end of June 1941 he arrived in Kiev to work in the editorial office of the newspaper "Krasnaya Armiya". And in late September, the poet, in his own words, "barely got out of the encirclement." Further milestones of the bitter way: Mirgorod, then Kharkov, Valuyki and Voronezh. At the same time, an addition happened to his family - Maria Illarionovna gave birth to a daughter Olya, and soon the whole family of the writer went to the evacuation to Chistopol. Tvardovsky often wrote to his wife, telling her about the editorial everyday life: “I work quite a lot. Slogans, poems, humor, essays ... If you omit the days when I travel, then every day there is material. ” However, over time, the editorial routine began to alarm the poet, he was attracted to his "great style" and serious literature. Already in the spring of 1942, Tvardovsky decided: “I will not write bad poems anymore ... War goes on seriously, and poetry must be taken seriously ...”.
In the early summer of 1942, Alexander Trifonovich received a new assignment - to the newspaper Krasnoarmeyskaya Pravda on the Western Front. The editorial office was located a hundred kilometers from Moscow, in today's Obninsk. From here began his journey to the west. And it was here that Tvardovsky visited a magnificent thought - to return to the poem “Vasily Terkin”, which was conceived at the end of the Soviet-Finnish war. Of course, now the theme was the Patriotic War. Significant changes have undergone and the image of the protagonist - obviously a folk character who took the enemy on a bayonet, "like sheaves on a pitchfork", turned into an ordinary guy. The genre designation “poem” was also very conditional. The poet himself said that his narration of the Russian soldier does not fit any genre definition, and therefore he decided to call it simply “The Book of the Fighter”. At the same time, it is noted that, structurally, “Terkin” goes back to the works of the divine Tvardovsky Pushkin, namely “Eugene Onegin”, representing a collection of private episodes that, like mozayka, add up to the epic panorama of the great war. A poem was written in the rhythm of a ditty, and in this sense it seems to grow naturally from the depth of the national language, turning from a “work of art” composed by a specific author into a “self-revelation of life”. This is exactly how this work was perceived by the soldiers in the masses, where the very first published chapters of Vasily Terkin (in August 1942) gained immense popularity. After its publication and reading on the radio to Tvardovsky, countless letters from front-line soldiers, recognizing themselves in the hero, flowed. In addition, there were requests in the messages, even the demands to continue the poem without fail. Alexander Trifonovich fulfilled these requests. Once again, Twardowski considered his work to be completed in 1943, but again numerous requests for the continuation of the “Book about the fighter” forced him to change his mind. As a result, the work consisted of thirty chapters, and the hero in it reached Germany. The last line of "Vasily Terkin" he composed on the victorious night on May 10 1945. However, even after the war, the flow of letters did not run out for a long time.
The history of the portrait of Vasily Terkin, reproduced in millions of copies of the poem and made by the artist Orest Vereisky, who worked with Tvardovsky in the Krasnoarmeyskaya Pravda newspaper during the war years, is curious. Not everyone knows that this portrait was made from life, and therefore Vasily Terkin had a real prototype. Here is what Vereisky himself said about this: “I wanted to open a book with a frontispiece poem with a portrait of Terkin. And it was the most difficult. What, Terkin, myself? Most of the soldiers, whose portraits I sketched from life, seemed to me to be somewhat similar to Vasily — who was squinting at his eyes, who was smiling, and his face was littered with freckles. However, none of them was Terkin ... Every time I, of course, shared the results of searches with Tvardovsky. And I heard each time in response: "No, not him." I myself understood - not him. Then one day a young poet, who came from an army newspaper, came to our office ... Vasiliy Glotov called him, and we all immediately liked him. He had a cheerful disposition, a kind smile ... After a couple of days, a joyful feeling suddenly pierced me - I recognized Vasily Turkin in Glotov. With my discovery, I ran to Alexander Trifonovich. At first he raised his eyebrows in surprise ... The thought of “trying it out” on the image of Vasily Terkin Glotovo seemed funny. When I painted him, he broke into a smile, squinted slyly, which made him even more like the hero of the poem I imagined him to be. Having drawn his face and profile with his head down, I showed the work to Alexander Trifonovich. Tvardovsky said: "Yes." That was all, since then he has never allowed attempts to portray Vasily Terkin to others. ”
Before the victorious night, Alexander Trifonovich had to endure all the difficulties of military roads. He lived literally on wheels, taking short creative vacations for work in Moscow, and also to visit his family in the town of Chistopol. In the summer of 1943, Tvardovsky, along with other soldiers, liberated Smolensk. For two years he did not receive any news from his relatives and was terribly worried about them. However, nothing bad, thank God, did not happen - at the end of September the poet met with them near Smolensk. Then he visited his native farm Zagorje, which literally turned to ashes. Then there was Belarus and Lithuania, Estonia and East Prussia. Victory Tvardovsky met in Tapiau. Orest Vereisky recalled this evening: “Fireworks from different kinds thundered weapons. Everybody shot. Shot and Alexander Trifonovich. He fired into the sky from the revolver, bright from the color trails, standing on the porch of the Prussian house — our last military retreat ... ”
After the war ended, a rain of awards fell on Tvardovsky. In 1946 for the poem "Vasily Terkin" he was awarded the Stalin Prize. In 1947 - another one for the work “House by the Road”, on which Alexander Trifonovich worked simultaneously with “Terkin” with 1942. However, this poem, according to the author’s description, “dedicated to the life of a Russian woman who survived the occupation, German slavery and liberation by the soldiers of the Red Army” was overshadowed by the deafening success of the “Book about a fighter”, although it was hardly inferior to “Terkin” by amazing authenticity of life and artistic merit . Actually, these two poems perfectly complemented each other - one showed the war, and the second - its “wrong side”.
Tvardovsky lived very actively in the second half of the forties. He performed many duties in the Writers Union - was his secretary, led the poetry section, was a member of various commissions. During these years, the poet visited Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Poland, Albania, East Germany, Norway, traveled to Belarus and Ukraine, visited the Far East for the first time, visited his native Smolensk region. It was impossible to call these journeys “tourism” - he worked everywhere, spoke, talked with writers, published. The latter is surprising - it is difficult to imagine when Tvardovsky had time to write. In 1947, elderly writer Nikolai Teleshov said hello to the poet, as Twardowski himself used to say, "from the next world." It was a review of "Vasily Terkin" Bunin. Ivan Alekseevich, who was very critical of responding to Soviet literature, agreed to view the poem, handed to him by Leonid Zurov almost by force. After that, Bunin could not calm down for a few days, and soon he wrote to Teleshov, a friend of his youth: “I read Tvardovsky’s book - if you know and meet him, please convey, on occasion, that I (as you know, the reader is demanding and picky) are delighted with his talent . This is truly a rare book - what freedom, what accuracy, what a wonderful prowess, accuracy in everything and unusually soldierly, the people's language - not a single fake, literary vulgar word! .. ”.
However, not everything went smoothly in the life of Tvardovsky, there were both disappointments and tragedies. In August, 1949 died Trifon Gordeevich - the poet was very worried about the death of his father. Alexander Trifonovich didn’t escape the elaborations for which the second half of the forties turned out to be generous. At the end of 1947 - the beginning of 1948, his book Homeland and Foreign Land was subjected to devastating criticism. The author was accused of “narrowness and pettiness of views on reality”, “Russian national limitations”, the absence of a “state view”. Publication of the work was banned, but Tvardovsky did not lose heart. By that time, he had a new, meaningful business that completely captured him.
In February, 1950 was reshuffled among the leaders of the largest literary bodies. In particular, the chief editor of the magazine "New World" Konstantin Simonov moved to the "Literary Gazette", and the vacant space was offered to take Tvardovsky. Alexander Trifonovich agreed, because he had long dreamed of such a “public” work, expressed not in the number of speeches and sessions delivered, but in a real “product”. In fact, it was the fulfillment of his dream. During the four years of editing, Tvardovsky, who worked under truly nervous conditions, managed to do a lot. He managed to organize a magazine with "a person with a non-general expression" and create a cohesive team of like-minded people. The long-time comrade Anatoly Tarasenkov and Sergey Smirnov, who “opened” the defense of the Brest fortress to the general reader, became his deputies. Alexander Trifonovich’s journal did not immediately become famous for his publications, the editor-in-chief looked closely at the situation, was gaining experience, looking for people close to the worldview. Tvardovsky himself wrote - in January, 1954 drew up a plan for the poem “Terkin in the Other World”, and already after three months he finished it. However, the lines of fate were whimsical - in August, Alexander Trifonovich’s 1954 was removed from the post of editor-in-chief with scandal.
One of the reasons for his dismissal was the work “Terkin on the next world” prepared for publication, which was named in the memorandum of the Central Committee “a libel on Soviet reality”. In some ways, the officials were right, quite rightly seeing in the description of the “other world” a satirical depiction of the work methods of the party organs. Khrushchev, who replaced Stalin as the party leader, described the poem as a “politically harmful and ideologically evil thing”. It became a sentence. On the "New World" struck articles criticizing the works that appeared on the pages of the magazine. In the internal letter of the Central Committee of the CPSU the following was summed up: “The editorial staff of the New World magazine entrenched themselves to politically compromised writers ... who had a detrimental effect on Twardowski.” Alexander Trifonovich in this situation behaved courageously. Never - until the very last days of his life - who showed no doubt about the truth of Marxism-Leninism, he admitted his own mistakes, and, taking all the blame for himself, said that he personally "supervised" the criticized articles, and in some cases even printed them against the opinion editorial boards. Thus, Twardowski did not surrender his people.
In the following years, Alexander Trifonovich traveled extensively around the country and wrote a new poem “For the distance - the distance”. In July, 1957, head of the department of culture of the CPSU Central Committee, Dmitry Polikarpov, arranged for Alexander Trifonovich to meet with Khrushchev. The writer, in his own words, "carried ... what he used to say usually about literature, about its troubles and needs, about its bureaucracy." Nikita Sergeevich wished to meet again, which happened a few days later. The “two-part” conversation lasted a total of four hours. The result of it was that in the spring of 1958 Tvardovsky again offered to lead the "New World". Upon reflection, he agreed.
However, to take the place of the editor-in-chief of the magazine, the poet agreed on certain conditions. In his workbook it was written: “The first is the new editorial board; the second is half a year, and even better the year is not to conduct executions indoors ... ”By the latter, Twardowski primarily meant curators from the Central Committee and censorship. If the first condition with some squeak was met, then the second is not. The censorship pressure began as soon as the new editorial board of Novy Mir prepared the first issues. All high-profile publications of the journal were held with difficulty, often with censorship exemptions, with accusations of “political myopia”, with discussion in the department of culture. Despite the difficulties, Alexander Trifonovich diligently collected literary forces. The term "Novomirovsky author" in the years of his editing began to be perceived as a peculiar quality mark, as a certain honorary title. This concerned not only prose, which glorified Tvardovsky's journal, - essays, literary and critical articles, and economic research also caused a considerable public outcry. Among the writers who have become famous thanks to the “New World”, it is worth noting Yuri Bondarev, Konstantin Vorobyov, Vasil Bykov, Fyodor Abramov, Fazil Iskander, Boris Mozhayev, Vladimir Voinovich, Chingiz Aitmatov and Sergey Zalygin. In addition, on the pages of the magazine, the old poet told about meetings with popular Western artists and writers, rediscovered forgotten names (Tsvetaeva, Balmont, Voloshin, Mandelstam), popularized avant-garde art.
Separately, it is necessary to say about Tvardovsky and Solzhenitsyn. It is known that Alexander Trifonovich greatly respected Alexander Isaevich - both as a writer and as a person. The relation of Solzhenitsyn to the poet was more complicated. From the very first meeting at the end of 1961, they found themselves in an unequal position: Twardowski, who dreamed of a fair social construction of society on a communist basis, saw in Solzhenitsyn his ally, unaware that the writer "opened" them in a long time ago "Against communism. Cooperating with the New World magazine, Solzhenitsyn "tactically" used the editor-in-chief, which he did not even guess.
The history of the relationship between Alexander Tvardovsky and Nikita Khrushchev is also curious. The all-powerful First Secretary has always treated the poet with great sympathy. Thanks to this, often “problem” works were saved. When Tvardovsky understood that he could not break through the wall of party-censor like-mindedness with his own forces, he would turn directly to Khrushchev. And he, after hearing the arguments Tvardovskogo, almost always helped. Moreover, in every way he “elevated” the poet — at the XXII Congress of the CPSU, which adopted the program for the rapid construction of communism in the country, Twardowski was elected a candidate member of the Central Committee of the Party. However, we should not assume that Alexander Trifonovich under Khrushchev became person "inviolable" - just the opposite, the editor-in-chief was often criticized, but in hopeless situations he had the opportunity to turn to the very top, through the heads of those who "kept and did not let go." So, for example, happened in the summer of 1963, when the leadership of the Writers 'Union and foreign guests gathered at the session of the European Writers' Community, held in Leningrad, flew at the invitation of the Soviet leader who was on vacation to the Pitsundsky summer cottage. Tvardovsky took along the previously banned "Terkina in the next world." Nikita Sergeevich asked him to read the poem and reacted very vividly at the same time, "then he laughed loudly, then he frowned." Four days later, Izvestia published this essay, a decade lying under a bushel.
It should be noted that Tvardovsky has always been considered an “exit” - a few people in the USSR were given such a privilege. Moreover, he was so active in the field that he would refuse to travel abroad. An interesting story happened in 1960, when Alexander Trifonovich did not want to go to the United States, citing the fact that he needed to finish work on the poem “Beyond the distance - distance”. USSR Culture Minister Ekaterina Furtseva understood him and allowed her to stay at home with the words: "Your work, of course, should be in the first place."
In the autumn of 1964, Nikita Sergeevich was sent to retire. Since that time, the “organizational” and ideological pressure on Tvardovsky’s journal has steadily increased. The numbers of the “New World” began to linger in censorship and come out late in a reduced volume. “Things are bad, the journal is like a blockade,” wrote Tvardovsky. At the beginning of autumn 1965, he visited the city of Novosibirsk - the people poured on his performances with a rampart, while the high authorities shied away from the poet as if from a plague. When Alexander Trifonovich returned to the capital, the Central Committee of the party already had a note in which Tvardovsky’s "anti-Soviet" conversations were described in detail. In February, 1966 hosted the premiere of the “tortured” performance based on the poem “Terkin in the Other World”, staged at the Theater of Satire by Valentin Pluchek. Vasily Tjorkin was played by famous Soviet actor Anatoly Papanov. Alexander Trifonovich liked Pluchek's work. At the shows, sold-out games followed the notice-outs, but already in June, after the twenty-first performance, the performance was banned. And at the XXIII Party Congress, held in the spring of 1966, Tvardovsky (candidate member of the Central Committee) was not even elected a delegate. At the end of the summer, 1969 broke out a new developmental campaign for the New World magazine. Following its results in February 1970, the Secretariat of the Writers' Union decided to dismiss half of the members of the editorial board. Alexander Trifonovich tried to appeal to Brezhnev, but he did not want to meet with him. And then the chief editor voluntarily resigned.
The poet has long been saying goodbye to life - this is clearly seen in his poems. Back in 1967, he wrote amazing lines: “At the bottom of my life, at the very bottom / I want to sit in the sun, / On a warm foam ... / I will listen to my thought without any interference, / I will draw an old man's wand: / No, all- yet, nothing, that on occasion / I have been here and checked by a tick ". In September, 1970, a few months after the defeat of the "New World", Alexander Trifonovich struck a stroke. He was hospitalized, but in the hospital he was diagnosed with advanced lung cancer. The last year of his life, Tvardovsky lived half-paralyzed in the holiday village Krasnaya Pakhra (Moscow region). 18 December The 1971 poet was gone, he was buried in the Novodevichy cemetery.
The memory of Alexander Tvardovsky lives today. Let him rarely, but his books are reissued. In Moscow there is a school named after him and a cultural center, and in Smolensk the name of the poet is the regional library. The monument to Tvardovsky and Vasily Terkin stands in May 1995 in the center of Smolensk, and a monument to the famous writer was opened in June 2013 in the Russian capital on Strastnoy Boulevard not far from the house where the New World editorial office was located in the late sixties. In Zagorje, in the poet’s homeland, the Tvardovskys' manor was restored, literally on level ground. The poet’s brothers Konstantin and Ivan provided tremendous assistance in recreating the family farm. Ivan Trifonovich Tvardovsky, an experienced cabinet maker, made most of the furniture with his own hands. Now there is a museum in this place.
According to the materials of the book by A. M. Turkov “Alexander Tvardovsky” and the weekly edition “Our History. 100 great names.
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