We just crush. Today, nuclear weapons are no longer enough to deter outside aggressive intentions.
The role of science in the creation of new weapons is constantly growing. Advanced scientific and technological advances contribute to the emergence of fundamentally different types weapons - laser, electromagnetic, informational, which qualitatively changes the appearance of the armed forces. Traditional types of weapons and military equipment are no longer able to ensure success in modern warfare. Therefore, in the race of military technology, it is important not to be an outsider.
It is characteristic that the leaders of the leading countries consider the level of development of defense science and technology not only as a guarantee of military superiority, but also as a condition for a decent positioning of the state in the world community. And this is confirmed by millennia. stories civilizations: there were evolutionary changes in the social system, wars, armed forces and means of warfare. With the advent of the first states, the need for their defense and security was created. The effectiveness of solving these tasks was determined by the forms and methods of military activity used in a particular historical period or, according to modern terminology, by basic military technologies (BVT).
Priorities
In our time it has become fashionable to talk about the innovative development of the country, about advanced, breakthrough, high and other technologies. From the excessively frequent use of the term “technology” and its derivative, “military technology”, the reader may get an idea of an exceptionally favorable state of affairs in the military-technological field.
However, this is not the case. Further technological improvement of weapons and military equipment is complicated by the fact that the scientific and technical reserve (NTZ), created in the Soviet period, has been practically exhausted. The set of scientific achievements and technologies focused on the implementation of weapons of the industrial age, possessing powerful damaging factors, but poor security, low selectivity, weak autonomy, lack of “flexibility” of impact, as well as a number of other properties that characterize its “intellectuality”, fulfilled its historical mission and was either embodied in existing models of weapons and military equipment, or was lost during the period of restructuring, disintegration and ill-considered conversion policy of the state.
Therefore, the imperative of time is to recreate the national defense NTRP as soon as possible, given that one of the military-strategic tasks in the name of which it is created is to contain aggression. Under the conditions of the global scientific and technological revolution, the possession of nuclear weapons can no longer remain a sufficient factor for deterring aggressive aspirations from the outside. Non-conventional types of weapons (weapons on new physical principles - ONFP), as well as qualitatively improved conventional weapons and military equipment, accumulated in themselves the latest scientific and technological achievements and technologies, over time can become one of the main tools to maintain military-strategic parity. Unfortunately, in recent years, the scientific and technical groundwork (and especially its fundamental component) has actually been the “stepchild” of the state defense order (GOZ) and work on its creation was financed according to the residual principle.
As of 2012, the degree of overlapping of the list of basic and critical military technologies by research and development commissioned by the Russian Ministry of Defense was 35 – 40 percent, and the list of priority areas of basic and exploratory research (FPI) was only 30. But at the same time, multi-billion dollar contracts were concluded for the construction of the French Mistral helicopter carriers, which, as it turned out now, are completely unsuitable for our climatic conditions, decisions were made to purchase Italian armored vehicles and other types of foreign-made weapons. At the scientific and technical councils of the Ministry of Defense, in response to proposals for the formulation of new fundamental, prospecting and applied work in priority scientific and technical areas, recommendations were often made to purchase appropriate technologies abroad. However, the legislation of a number of leading foreign countries prohibits the sale to other states of not only military, but also civilian technologies. In this regard, it is useful to recall the refusal in 2009 of the American auto concern General Motors to sell a controlling stake in Opel to the Canadian-Russian consortium Magna-Sberbank because of the risk of technology leakage.
Therefore, in the best case, our defense department, refusing to conduct its own scientific and technological research, could only rely on the provision of foreign technologies the day before yesterday. Such a policy not only did not contribute to the generation of new scientific and technological ideas by scientists and specialists of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), higher schools and industry, but also led to the loss of those positions in which domestic military technologies could compete with foreign ones.
Currently, the situation is changing for the better. The leadership of the country and the Ministry of Defense made a number of decisions related to the further development of the defense science and technology complex. In particular, 16 of October 2012 was signed by the President of the Federal Law on the Advanced Research Foundation (No. 174-FZ), the main purpose of which is to promote research and development in the interests of the country's defense and state security. new results in the military-technical, technological and socio-economic spheres. Conducted and planned (including in the part of the FPI) defense research projects in federal targeted programs (FTP). In addition, in a number of federal programs, in the Basic Scientific Research Program of the State Academies of Sciences, in the framework of projects funded by RUSNANO OJSC and the Skolkovo Foundation, as well as by grants from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and the Russian Humanitarian Foundation, prospects for dual, that is, civil and military use. At the same time, their degree of maturity has a very wide variation - from new scientific knowledge about phenomena, effects, laws and patterns of interest to the country's defense and state security, to prototyping and experimental samples of technical devices that have prospects for use in the creation of weapons and military equipment. This instills hope that the national defense NTRP will not only be restored, but also complemented by new scientific knowledge and breakthrough scientific and technical solutions.
Interagency coordination
The emergence of new structures outside the military department related to the order of military-technological research and development, the formation of relevant sections within the Federal Program should not in any way detract from the role of the Russian Defense Ministry in creating the NTR for promising conventional and non-conventional (ONFP) weapons. On the contrary, it should increase, first of all, in such areas as the substantiation of the priority directions of the development of military technologies; formation of an effective mechanism of interdepartmental coordination of research and development carried out in the State Armaments Program (GWP), federal target programs, programs of the Russian Academy of Sciences and with the support of research and innovation funds; examination of scientific and technological projects of a defense nature.
Unfortunately, the formation of a mechanism for interdepartmental coordination in the field of creating a defense NTRP is currently at the very initial stage, and there is practically no information interaction between various ministries and departments in this field. This situation is unacceptable, since in the near future it will be necessary not only to coordinate the relevant sections of the LG and FTP, but also to organize joint work in the formation of the State Armaments Program for the 2016 – 2025 years. Indeed, according to the federal law of the Russian Federation on 29 December 2012 of the year No. 275-ФЗ “On the state defense order”, state-owned R & D customers for the creation of new production technologies for weapons and military equipment can now be not only federal executive bodies with armed forces formations (as it was written down in the previous version of the law), but also other federal authorities ensuring the delivery of products for the state defense order, in particular, the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia and Roscosmos.
The adoption of the new edition of the law “On State Defense Order” almost coincided with the beginning of the formation of new departments within the Ministry of Defense related to scientific and innovative activities, in addition to those created during the Soviet period, have proven their efficiency decades and survived in times like the general collapse of the beginning of the 90-ies, and ill-considered reforms of recent years. Therefore, along with interdepartmental coordination, well-coordinated, balanced, constructive work of all military administration bodies associated with the development of military technologies is required, regardless of which intra-departmental "trunk" they belong to. Work aimed not at dragging the rope in the part of the corresponding functionality, but at achieving synergy effect from the efforts of all stakeholders in terms of maintaining the proper level and further building up the scientific and technical potential for promising conventional weapons and arming on new physical principles. At the same time, one should listen as little as possible to the advice of people who have long lost contact with the state’s military organization and who are unable to adequately assess the current realities.
Interdepartmental coordination should include not only interaction in the formation and implementation of the relevant program activities of the LG and FTP, but also joint activities to develop and adjust the governing and organizational-methodological documents, to some extent affecting the military-technological area. These are primarily documents defining the objectives of the state science and technology and technology policy (the Fundamentals of the Russian Federation’s policy in the development of science and technology, the Fundamentals of the military-technical policy of the Russian Federation) and the priority directions for the development of military technologies (Priority directions for the development of science, technology and equipment in the Russian Federation, the List of critical technologies of the Russian Federation, the List of basic and critical military technologies). Of particular importance is the importance of forecasting the achievable results of scientific research and technological development, which is one of the main decision support tools in the management of the development of military technologies.
The increase in the requirements for the quality of programs and plans for the creation of military technologies necessitates an improvement in the methodology of the program-targeted planning (PCP) of their development. The PCP methodology used in practice must have the necessary flexibility and adaptive properties that allow for the prompt consideration of the interests of the various departments involved in this process.
In the interests of the Ministry of Defense
For the development of military technologies, the main tasks of the military department include:
coordinating the development of a unified data base system (ESID) for program-oriented support of the implementation of the military-technical policy of the Russian Federation for 2016 – 2025 for the list of basic and critical military technologies, as well as the priority areas of fundamental, predictive and exploratory research in the interests of defense and security of the Russian Federation Federation;
coordinating the development, within the framework of planned R & D, of a methodology for the substantiation and formation of program activities related to the creation of a NTP for promising conventional and non-conventional (ONFP) weapons;
implementation of the functions of the state customer in the part of fundamental, forecast, prospecting and applied research and development works in the interests of creating and improving military technologies carried out within the relevant sections of the LG;
organization of interaction with the security agencies of the Russian Federation, the state corporation Rosatom, the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia, Roscosmos in terms of conducting research on the development of military technologies and the implementation of their results;
monitoring the results of research conducted by organizations of the Russian Academy of Sciences, higher education, industry, public academies of sciences in the framework of federal and departmental scientific and technological programs, as well as grants from scientific foundations, and identifying the most important scientific, technical and technological achievements in order to use them in the interests of developing promising and modernization of existing models of weapons and military equipment, search for new forms and methods of warfare;
the formation and maintenance of a single information bank of the most important achievements of national science and military technologies obtained under the LG, and information exchange with other interested ministries and departments;
participation in the examination of proposals for the selection of works funded through the Advanced Research Foundation, as well as defense financial institutions, to be carried out under the Federal Program;
organization of exhibitions and demonstrations of scientific and technical achievements and military technologies obtained within the framework of the state-owned program, as well as participation in organizing and holding defense conferences and seminars in cooperation with research organizations of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rosatom State Corporation, Roskosmos, the Ministry of Industry and Trade and the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia .
One of the organizations that can make a significant contribution to solving the tasks of the Ministry of Defense in the development of military technologies is the Russian Academy of Rocket and Artillery Sciences. The possible directions of the Academy’s activities in this area primarily include the development of conceptual, normative, and scientific and methodological documents related to the creation and development of military technologies; elaboration and approbation of the mechanisms for carrying out an independent examination of similar documents developed by various departments; evaluation of the latest achievements of domestic science and technology for their possible use in the creation of promising models of weapons and military equipment; conducting research in the field of pricing for military products in terms of the creation of military technologies; carrying out, within the framework of targeted forecasts, work on priority areas of scientific research and technological development with an analysis of the possibility of implementing their results in developing promising and modernizing existing weapons and military equipment and evaluating the level of increase in their military-technical effectiveness.
It is characteristic that the leaders of the leading countries consider the level of development of defense science and technology not only as a guarantee of military superiority, but also as a condition for a decent positioning of the state in the world community. And this is confirmed by millennia. stories civilizations: there were evolutionary changes in the social system, wars, armed forces and means of warfare. With the advent of the first states, the need for their defense and security was created. The effectiveness of solving these tasks was determined by the forms and methods of military activity used in a particular historical period or, according to modern terminology, by basic military technologies (BVT).
Priorities
In our time it has become fashionable to talk about the innovative development of the country, about advanced, breakthrough, high and other technologies. From the excessively frequent use of the term “technology” and its derivative, “military technology”, the reader may get an idea of an exceptionally favorable state of affairs in the military-technological field.
However, this is not the case. Further technological improvement of weapons and military equipment is complicated by the fact that the scientific and technical reserve (NTZ), created in the Soviet period, has been practically exhausted. The set of scientific achievements and technologies focused on the implementation of weapons of the industrial age, possessing powerful damaging factors, but poor security, low selectivity, weak autonomy, lack of “flexibility” of impact, as well as a number of other properties that characterize its “intellectuality”, fulfilled its historical mission and was either embodied in existing models of weapons and military equipment, or was lost during the period of restructuring, disintegration and ill-considered conversion policy of the state.
Therefore, the imperative of time is to recreate the national defense NTRP as soon as possible, given that one of the military-strategic tasks in the name of which it is created is to contain aggression. Under the conditions of the global scientific and technological revolution, the possession of nuclear weapons can no longer remain a sufficient factor for deterring aggressive aspirations from the outside. Non-conventional types of weapons (weapons on new physical principles - ONFP), as well as qualitatively improved conventional weapons and military equipment, accumulated in themselves the latest scientific and technological achievements and technologies, over time can become one of the main tools to maintain military-strategic parity. Unfortunately, in recent years, the scientific and technical groundwork (and especially its fundamental component) has actually been the “stepchild” of the state defense order (GOZ) and work on its creation was financed according to the residual principle.
As of 2012, the degree of overlapping of the list of basic and critical military technologies by research and development commissioned by the Russian Ministry of Defense was 35 – 40 percent, and the list of priority areas of basic and exploratory research (FPI) was only 30. But at the same time, multi-billion dollar contracts were concluded for the construction of the French Mistral helicopter carriers, which, as it turned out now, are completely unsuitable for our climatic conditions, decisions were made to purchase Italian armored vehicles and other types of foreign-made weapons. At the scientific and technical councils of the Ministry of Defense, in response to proposals for the formulation of new fundamental, prospecting and applied work in priority scientific and technical areas, recommendations were often made to purchase appropriate technologies abroad. However, the legislation of a number of leading foreign countries prohibits the sale to other states of not only military, but also civilian technologies. In this regard, it is useful to recall the refusal in 2009 of the American auto concern General Motors to sell a controlling stake in Opel to the Canadian-Russian consortium Magna-Sberbank because of the risk of technology leakage.
Therefore, in the best case, our defense department, refusing to conduct its own scientific and technological research, could only rely on the provision of foreign technologies the day before yesterday. Such a policy not only did not contribute to the generation of new scientific and technological ideas by scientists and specialists of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), higher schools and industry, but also led to the loss of those positions in which domestic military technologies could compete with foreign ones.
Currently, the situation is changing for the better. The leadership of the country and the Ministry of Defense made a number of decisions related to the further development of the defense science and technology complex. In particular, 16 of October 2012 was signed by the President of the Federal Law on the Advanced Research Foundation (No. 174-FZ), the main purpose of which is to promote research and development in the interests of the country's defense and state security. new results in the military-technical, technological and socio-economic spheres. Conducted and planned (including in the part of the FPI) defense research projects in federal targeted programs (FTP). In addition, in a number of federal programs, in the Basic Scientific Research Program of the State Academies of Sciences, in the framework of projects funded by RUSNANO OJSC and the Skolkovo Foundation, as well as by grants from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and the Russian Humanitarian Foundation, prospects for dual, that is, civil and military use. At the same time, their degree of maturity has a very wide variation - from new scientific knowledge about phenomena, effects, laws and patterns of interest to the country's defense and state security, to prototyping and experimental samples of technical devices that have prospects for use in the creation of weapons and military equipment. This instills hope that the national defense NTRP will not only be restored, but also complemented by new scientific knowledge and breakthrough scientific and technical solutions.
Interagency coordination
The emergence of new structures outside the military department related to the order of military-technological research and development, the formation of relevant sections within the Federal Program should not in any way detract from the role of the Russian Defense Ministry in creating the NTR for promising conventional and non-conventional (ONFP) weapons. On the contrary, it should increase, first of all, in such areas as the substantiation of the priority directions of the development of military technologies; formation of an effective mechanism of interdepartmental coordination of research and development carried out in the State Armaments Program (GWP), federal target programs, programs of the Russian Academy of Sciences and with the support of research and innovation funds; examination of scientific and technological projects of a defense nature.
Unfortunately, the formation of a mechanism for interdepartmental coordination in the field of creating a defense NTRP is currently at the very initial stage, and there is practically no information interaction between various ministries and departments in this field. This situation is unacceptable, since in the near future it will be necessary not only to coordinate the relevant sections of the LG and FTP, but also to organize joint work in the formation of the State Armaments Program for the 2016 – 2025 years. Indeed, according to the federal law of the Russian Federation on 29 December 2012 of the year No. 275-ФЗ “On the state defense order”, state-owned R & D customers for the creation of new production technologies for weapons and military equipment can now be not only federal executive bodies with armed forces formations (as it was written down in the previous version of the law), but also other federal authorities ensuring the delivery of products for the state defense order, in particular, the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia and Roscosmos.
The adoption of the new edition of the law “On State Defense Order” almost coincided with the beginning of the formation of new departments within the Ministry of Defense related to scientific and innovative activities, in addition to those created during the Soviet period, have proven their efficiency decades and survived in times like the general collapse of the beginning of the 90-ies, and ill-considered reforms of recent years. Therefore, along with interdepartmental coordination, well-coordinated, balanced, constructive work of all military administration bodies associated with the development of military technologies is required, regardless of which intra-departmental "trunk" they belong to. Work aimed not at dragging the rope in the part of the corresponding functionality, but at achieving synergy effect from the efforts of all stakeholders in terms of maintaining the proper level and further building up the scientific and technical potential for promising conventional weapons and arming on new physical principles. At the same time, one should listen as little as possible to the advice of people who have long lost contact with the state’s military organization and who are unable to adequately assess the current realities.
Interdepartmental coordination should include not only interaction in the formation and implementation of the relevant program activities of the LG and FTP, but also joint activities to develop and adjust the governing and organizational-methodological documents, to some extent affecting the military-technological area. These are primarily documents defining the objectives of the state science and technology and technology policy (the Fundamentals of the Russian Federation’s policy in the development of science and technology, the Fundamentals of the military-technical policy of the Russian Federation) and the priority directions for the development of military technologies (Priority directions for the development of science, technology and equipment in the Russian Federation, the List of critical technologies of the Russian Federation, the List of basic and critical military technologies). Of particular importance is the importance of forecasting the achievable results of scientific research and technological development, which is one of the main decision support tools in the management of the development of military technologies.
The increase in the requirements for the quality of programs and plans for the creation of military technologies necessitates an improvement in the methodology of the program-targeted planning (PCP) of their development. The PCP methodology used in practice must have the necessary flexibility and adaptive properties that allow for the prompt consideration of the interests of the various departments involved in this process.
In the interests of the Ministry of Defense
For the development of military technologies, the main tasks of the military department include:
One of the organizations that can make a significant contribution to solving the tasks of the Ministry of Defense in the development of military technologies is the Russian Academy of Rocket and Artillery Sciences. The possible directions of the Academy’s activities in this area primarily include the development of conceptual, normative, and scientific and methodological documents related to the creation and development of military technologies; elaboration and approbation of the mechanisms for carrying out an independent examination of similar documents developed by various departments; evaluation of the latest achievements of domestic science and technology for their possible use in the creation of promising models of weapons and military equipment; conducting research in the field of pricing for military products in terms of the creation of military technologies; carrying out, within the framework of targeted forecasts, work on priority areas of scientific research and technological development with an analysis of the possibility of implementing their results in developing promising and modernizing existing weapons and military equipment and evaluating the level of increase in their military-technical effectiveness.
Information