"Prayer of the Russian people"
Emperor Alexander II and the anthem “God Save the Tsar!”, 1869 edition.
Transfiguration March
The first songs and melodies that were identical to the national anthem appeared in the Russian state in the XNUMXth century. Even under Emperor Peter I, the Preobrazhensky March was created - the March of the Life Guards of the Preobrazhensky Regiment, the March of the Preobrazhensky, the March of Peter the Great, the Petrovsky March. The march was created by an unknown composer. Perhaps the melody of the march was taken from the soldier’s song “The Turks and the Swedes Know Us.”
“Petrovsky March”, in addition to the Preobrazhensky Regiment, was also a march of other units. It became common to the entire army. The clarity and speed of the tempo (120 steps per minute) made Peter's march indispensable during military campaigns and parades. The Preobrazhensky March was also performed on the days of anniversaries of victories in the Northern War over the Swedes, on the days of the Tsar’s name day, on the day of the coronation of Catherine I. As a result, the Preobrazhensky March began to serve as a secular anthem at parades, ceremonial exits of imperial persons, at embassy receptions, etc.
If under Tsar Peter Alekseevich the “Preobrazhensky March,” like most others, was performed without words, then later words appeared. One of the most famous texts belonged to the poet Sergei Marin (1776–1813). He went through the military career from an ensign in the Preobrazhensky Regiment to the aide-de-camp of Tsar Alexander I.
March with the words "Let's go, brothers, abroad / Beat the enemies of the Fatherland»Marin was created in 1805, when he took part in another war with the French. In memory of this campaign, two serious wounds and the first military award for Austerlitz remained - the golden sword “For Bravery”. At the beginning of the Patriotic War of 1812, the poet and warrior again rushed into battle and on the eve of the Battle of Borodino served under Bagration. After Borodin, Marin died from his wounds. In March 1814, the Russian army entered Paris singing his "Preobrazhensky March".
By the end of the 1856th century, the Preobrazhensky March, in fact, became the main march of the Russian Empire. All Russian emperors were the chiefs of the Preobrazhensky Regiment, so the march was always performed on various special occasions. For example, at the opening of monuments to sovereign emperors, various military ceremonies throughout the 1917th - early 12th centuries. The melody of the march was played by the chimes of the Moscow Kremlin from 6 to XNUMX (at XNUMX and XNUMX o'clock).
After the February Revolution, the Preobrazhensky March was performed instead of “God Save the Tsar!” The Bolsheviks adopted the International as their anthem; in the white Volunteer Army, the Preobrazhensky March remained the Russian anthem. It was preserved in the same form in the Russian White emigration.
Sergei Nikiforovich Marin (January 29, 1776, Voronezh - February 21, 1813, St. Petersburg) - Russian officer (colonel) during the Napoleonic Wars, poet. Portrait of an unknown artist
Thunder of victory, resound!
During the reign of Catherine II in 1791, the poet Gavriil Derzhavin (lyrics) and composer Osip Kozlovsky (music) created a hymn with the words:
Thunder of victory, resound!
Have fun, brave Ross!
Vivid glory adorn.
Mohammed you cracked!
Have fun, brave Ross!
Vivid glory adorn.
Mohammed you cracked!
The reason for its creation was the brilliant victories of the Russian weapons in the war with Turkey. In particular, the assault on Izmail by the troops of Alexander Suvorov. Kozlovsky himself was a participant in the war with the Turks. The composition was very popular in society; it was used at almost every official ceremony in the capital and provincial cities. “Roll the thunder of victory” during this period actually became the unofficial anthem of Russia.
The first national anthem of the Russian state was born during the reign of Paul I. The Emperor personally reworked and established a system of military and state ceremonies that had musical accompaniment. Such a work was the spiritual hymn “How Glorious is Our Lord in Zion.” It was written in 1794 by composer Dmitry Bortnyansky based on poems by Mikhail Kheraskov. The anthem, rich in religious symbolism, was widely used until the 1830s, before the approval of the work “God Save the Tsar!”
From 1856 to 1917, the chimes of the Spasskaya Tower in the Moscow Kremlin sounded the melody “Kol Slaven” along with “Petrovsky March”. After the revolution, the anthem was actively used by the White Guards and Russian emigration.
Alexey Fedorovich Lvov (1798–1870) - Russian composer, virtuoso violinist and conductor, author of the music for the national anthem of the Russian Empire “God Save the Tsar!” (1833), musical writer and public figure. Artist A. V. Tyranov
"Russian Prayer"
Emperor Alexander I introduced another change. Under him, in 1816, the first official state anthem of the empire became “The Russian Prayer.” The work was created based on the English anthem “God Save the King!” (words and music by Henry Carey) by the poet Vasily Zhukovsky. Hymn "God save the Tsar! / The glorious one has long days" was performed at the meeting of the sovereign. The work was the official anthem until 1833.
The birth of the second official anthem of Russia occurred under Tsar Nicholas I. In 1833, the Russian sovereign visited the allied Austria and Prussia, and was greeted with the sounds of the British march, which appeared in 1743. It was a kind of “international” of all the imperial houses of Europe. The British melody was used as an anthem in 23 countries, including Russia.
The Emperor, who was a great patriot, accepted this without enthusiasm. On the instructions of the Tsar, composer Alexei Lvov wrote the music of the anthem to the words of Vasily Zhukovsky (the words were already different). Alexander Pushkin, who owns the 2nd and 3rd lines, also took part in the creation of the anthem.
The anthem was first performed at the Bolshoi Theater on December 6 (18), 1833 (according to other sources, December 25):
God save the king!
Strong, powerful,
Reign in glory, in glory to us!
Reign for fear of enemies,
The Orthodox King!
God save the king!
Strong, powerful,
Reign in glory, in glory to us!
Reign for fear of enemies,
The Orthodox King!
God save the king!
The words of the anthem were sung by the then famous bass Alexander Bantyshev, and then they were repeated by the whole choir. On December 31, 1833, the anthem was declared state and remained so until the 1917 revolution.
K. P. Bryullov. Portrait of V. A. Zhukovsky
After the February Revolution of 1917, “God Save the Tsar!” canceled. Under the Provisional Government, they used both the ancient Preobrazhensky March and the more modern “La Marseillaise” (“Let us renounce the old world, / Let us shake off its ashes from our feet!”). This work was to the liking of the February revolutionaries, as it emphasized their loyalty to the Entente, primarily to France. The final decision on the anthem of the new Russia had to be made by the Constituent Assembly.
When a new revolution took place in October 1917 and the Bolsheviks seized power, in January 1918 they approved the International as the national anthem of the RSFSR. With the formation of the Soviet Union, he remained a hymn until 1944. It was the international anthem of the proletarian workers, communists and socialists:
Get up cursed branded
The whole world of hungry and slaves!
Our mind is seething
And ready to lead a mortal battle.
The whole world of violence we will destroy
To the ground, and then
We are ours, we will build a new world, -
Who was nothing, that will become everything.
The whole world of hungry and slaves!
Our mind is seething
And ready to lead a mortal battle.
The whole world of violence we will destroy
To the ground, and then
We are ours, we will build a new world, -
Who was nothing, that will become everything.
Information