Knights of the Hundred Years War: Captains, Bowers and Frank Archers

"Charles VII announces the creation of the Frank-archers." Miniature from the manuscript "The Vigil of Charles VII", 1484 National Library of France

... holding a bow and a spear in their hands; they are cruel and merciless, their voice rustles like the sea, and they ride on horses, lined up like one man,
The book of the prophet Jeremiah, 6:23

Military story countries and peoples. Needless to say, the calamities that befall a person or the people as a whole only sharpen his mind and mass consciousness, which in the blessed years floats with lazy fat. The same thing happened in France. The defeat at the Battle of Agincourt, which fell on the French like a thunderbolt in the middle of a clear sky, made many of them look completely differently at the military system that has developed in their country and wonder if it is good?

Is chivalry outdated?

There were people, for example, Alain Chartier, who publicly began to declare that chivalry had outlived its day. That knights in war see only a source of profit.

Jean de Buel in a manuscript entitled "Le Jouvencal", which he created in the middle of the XNUMXth century on the basis of personal experience, wrote that a military man should stand above all others in society. But at the same time, it is not amateurs who should be engaged in military affairs (and the same knights-feudal lords were just that), but professionals, masters of their craft. But the inertia of public consciousness was so great that chivalry, even now, after all the defeats it had suffered, still continued to retain its mystical halo. True, now there were more men at arms than the knights themselves, and they fought shoulder to shoulder.

More warriors of different social status appeared, and weapon they also became more diverse. In this miniature, an equestrian warrior uses an infantryman's weapon - a felchen (falchion), and a sword has always been a knight's weapon! "The novel about Alexander", 1338-1344 Bodleian Library, Oxford University

"Warriors-Flayers"

But now mercenaries played an increasing role in the war - the units of which were called ecorshers (ecorcheurs - flayers) and, apparently, they deserved such a nickname with their behavior. Usually they gathered in "companies" - a kind of military units, which included the following people: mercenary soldiers from other countries, including the British, who were left without work (such as usually, huddled in a detachment, robbed everyone in a row); equally shameless robbers - forest robbers, "embarked on the warpath" and ... peasants who adjoined both.

This is how the ecors came out of the forest, and ... the inhabitants of the villages begged them for mercy. But they did not always receive it. Especially women. "Ancient History", 1360-1400 National Library of France, Paris

The same peasant would like to be hired for military service to the king, but ... did not know who to turn to. And so, if a similar detachment went through his village and not only robbed, but also offered to replenish their ranks - many agreed to this! The main difference between the XNUMXth century ekorshers and the XNUMXth century detachments was that they were not fought against, and many of their commanders were even former royal officers, who were then recruited again. Such was the time when military freelance existed ...

Illustrators are now increasingly depicting warriors fighting in helmets without visors. That is, there is a saving of money and the hope that it is he who will pass the "death cup". And someone, yes, was lucky, but someone was not, and the enemy's sword pierced right into his face! "Ancient History", 1360-1400 National Library of France, Paris

The emergence of "free shooters"

Feudal recruitment continued to exist for the infantry.

Charles VII revived it in a new form with the aim of creating a large and reliable foot army, which would be under the control of the king, and turned the former city recruits into francs archers ("free shooters").

In 1448 and again in 1451, Charles VII issued decrees declaring that every 50 houses should exhibit one archer and one crossbowman, moreover, from men of good reputation, fit for military service due to age, health and skills in handling weapons. ...

Prisoner trade

The motivation to enroll in the franc archers was very different. Most of the soldiers went to serve either for money or for military booty, and the dream of every soldier (and this is very well shown in the novel by Conan Doyle "The White Detachment") was to capture a wealthy knight and get a ransom for him. The trade of captives even developed through special intermediaries, when the right to receive part of the ransom for the captives was transferred to them, if, say, the warrior himself could not or did not want to wait for the ransom paid in full.

The prisoners were bought both individually and in bulk. For example, the Florentine merchant Giovanni Vittore, received the lion's share of the income from such operations, in 1417 he bought many English captives from the Archbishop of Rouen and kept them, releasing them for a ransom sent!

Chivalry, however, did not yield positions. Judging by the miniatures in the manuscripts, the armor changed, and much, but the traditions of spear fights were still preserved. Guiron le Courtois, manuscript 1420, National Library of France, Paris

It's funny that, although almost half of France was occupied by the British, entire detachments of foreigners still fought on the side of the French crown, and even in the troops of Joan of Arc there were many such adventurers. For example, having set out from Sully against the British, she had under her command not only the patriotic French, but also the Scots Captain Hugh Kennedy, and the Italians Bartelomeo Barretta.

"Popular resistance" is a controversial issue

In Soviet times, textbooks on the history of the Hundred Years War said a lot about the fact that the British were driven across the sea by the people, inspired by Joan of Arc. However, the existence of "popular resistance" against the British, according to both British and French historians, is still controversial.

Yes, there is no doubt that the ordinary French did not accept the British occupation. For example, a folk song has come down to us, in which the peasants' call for war with the British sounds in a humorous form:

“Among you villagers who love the French king, there will be those who have the courage to fight the British. Let each one take their own hoe to uproot them. And if they don't want to leave, we'll make faces at them. Don't be afraid to hit them, big-bellied, damn it, because each of us is worth four of them, or at least three. "

But a song is a song, but how can you really fight with a hoe with men at arms with swords in your hands? Not a word is said about this.

At the same time, the slightest oversight of the combatants - and the enemy's spear, slipping off the shield, pierced the cuirass of the armor with all the ensuing consequences! Guiron le Courtois, manuscript 1420, National Library of France, Paris

King Philip's reforms

However, changes in the French army began even before the Hundred Years War. Thus, King Philip V in 1317 reorganized his army. He sought to place the appointments of commanders of large formations and regions under royal control. At this time, the number of infantry in the French army outnumbered cavalry by three, or even four times.

Then in 1351, before the English invasion, the king issued a new "Regulation for the military people", in which he established that a captain or chevetaine could lead a unit of at least 25 men at arms under his banner. For such units, a new pay scale was introduced, which the Marshal of France had the right to update every two months.

King John's reforms

In the same year, King John decided to create the Order of the Star - a secular or, if I may say so, a purely royal order, similar to the English Order of the Garter. He hoped that this order would rally the military elite, and then the army would rally around it.

But the history of the Order of the Star came out very short. Most of the members of the order died at the Battle of Moron in 1352, but those who survived then died at Poitiers four years later.

Well, if the spears turned out to be useless, swords were used. It is interesting that shields gradually became more and more utilitarian, if they are decorated, then it is not at all the same as before. And their size is decreasing. And all because the armor of this time became much stronger and more perfect. It is interesting that the shields of both fighters are suspended on belts by the neck. Guiron le Courtois, manuscript 1420, National Library of France, Paris

The control system under John remained the same. He called upon barons and members of the lesser nobility as advisers, and seven Grand Dukes (or peers of France) formed the royal Privy Council. If necessary, not so well-born nobles could be invited to it. The army was subordinate to the king and constable of France, who commanded it when the king was absent, and supervised the spies and scouts. Nevertheless, he was accountable to the royal secretaries, and his main responsibility was ... to maintain discipline and direct the supply of the troops throughout the campaign.

We have already talked about the fact that hired parts - companies often had their own names. For example, there were the Compagnie de la Fortune, the Compagnie cle Margote, and the Compagnie Blanche. Ordinary people, however, did not care who robbed them, but at the same time, it was customary to blame everything on the enemy. Therefore, the "companies of robbers" were popularly called the British, Bretons, etc., and the detachments in which there was no commander of noble birth, usually "nobody's companies" and, of course, were afraid of them more than anyone else, since they did not obey anyone.

If a knight fell and could not continue the fight, they treated him like this: put a sword to his throat and ... demanded a ransom! All in the best robbery traditions. Only there, among the robbers, it was customary to say: "Your money, or your life, or your big fat wife!" Guiron le Courtois, manuscript 1420, National Library of France, Paris

Captain, Captain, smile!

That is why militias also gathered to defend the cities, the captains of which were appointed by the city magistrate. Two or three such captains, having gathered the militia, could even go on a campaign, although it is not entirely clear who then remained to defend this city itself?

But the desire to seize the prey was very great. And the captains with their men went to such "business" usually with joy. The magistrates paid their captains an annual fee by mutual agreement, but representatives of the nobility who arrived at the royal collection received payment from the marshals for exactly the number of days during which they served in military service. That is, according to feudal law, they served 40 days for free, and then the king had to fork out.

As always, military expenditures were very high, although, for example, at the beginning of the Hundred Years War, only the maintenance of the royal court cost the treasury 30 livres. It is clear that taxes on the army were collected from the peasants. And here's what is interesting: there was no smell of conscientiousness when collecting them. People were robbed, but no one wanted to pay for the army to protect them. The collection for the maintenance of the army in 000 and 1379 provoked such fierce resistance that this new structure was rejected for many years. And when the British devastated much of France, collecting taxes became especially difficult.

The captain of the Italian "gang" (as the companies were often called there) gives the order to start the campaign. The trumpets are blowing, the squire is ready to give the captain the helmet. Horse men at arms and infantrymen begin to move. One of the riders is a horse archer. There is also a crossbowman and an infantryman with a battle scythe. Miniature from the manuscript "Good civilians", Italy, 1373, Trivulziliana Library, Milan

First General Staff

King John's military reform was generally a failure, but it served as the basis for the reforms undertaken by his successors.

So, in 1374, a royal decree created something similar to the General Staff, which made it possible for the constable to appoint a lieutenant (deputy) and royal marshals to help himself, who in turn appointed four lieutenants to conduct a review of the convened troops. The retinue of the constable and the master of the crossbowmen (who also commanded all the infantry) were not subject to inspection.

Infantrymen became very important when it came to sieging or storming city walls. Here in this miniature we see how the French franc-archers bombard the walls of the enemy fortress, while other infantrymen climb the wall and destroy the masonry of the tower. "Chronicles of St. Denis ", 1380-1400. British Library, London

"I confirm my hand!"

Below all these senior officers were the captains of the companies, each of whom had a letter from the king and could command a troop of 100 warriors. They ensured the attendance of their subordinates for the review and were responsible for their behavior. Everyone who arrived for the review was subjected to a thorough check - weapons, armor, a war horse. And only if everything was as it should, the warrior was considered hired. Leave from service could only be obtained if there were good reasons. It was possible to replace the hired only with the consent of the captain, if he was called up to serve with the king, or if he was wounded or sick. Payment was made by chambras (chambre - room), that is, by divisions of the company. The captain received money for his retinue, and the royal treasurer gave money to all the other soldiers. Those who were literate put their signatures. The illiterate put up a cross, and then the royal treasurer wrote: "I confirm my hand!"

This is how the modern artist Christopher Rochero depicted the representatives of the military elite of France: on the left - the King of France John the Good, in the center - Eustace Ribermont, the royal standard-bearer at Poitiers, on the right - Geoffrey de Charnier, the standard-bearer of Oriflamme at Poitiers

Comments

[Uncle Vanya Susanin]

Very interesting headdresses, for some of the knights in the second picture, they do not look like a knight !!!

[kalibr]

What surprised you? Twig hats? So this is the "chapel de fer", the so-called "iron hat" - a very popular headdress at that time.

[Uncle Vanya Susanin]

I thought so, but in the picture it looks, in my opinion, a little strange!

[Uncle Vanya Susanin]

not very similar to the picture, besides, I always thought it was an infantry helmet

[kalibr]

Quote: Uncle Vanya Susanin

besides, I always thought it was an infantry helmet

Me too, but apparently all kinds of people wore them ...

[Klio2]

Who had one and put on

[Catfish]

Good morning friends!
Congratulations to everyone on the continuation of the Hundred Years War.
Happy Sunday and good weather everyone!

[depressant]

Good morning, Kostya!)))
Your funny "miniature" has a landscape on it. But the artists, whose miniatures illustrate the article, seem to be lazy, because instead of landscapes, they have rugs.

[Catfish]

Good morning, Luda.
And the rug in the household is a useful thing.

[depressant]

And the rug in the household is a useful thing

Kostya !!! )))))
If you only knew how glad I am that you were not offended by me because of the boring "lecture" on the digital future, and even delivered in an arrogant, moralizing tone, as if broadcasting from the pulpit about the approach of the Apocalypse! ))))

[Catfish]

She-bo, really was not going to take offense at you, and there was nothing for that.
And about the future

[depressant]

And about the future

Are you saying this is what charity suits will look like in the future? )))
Necessity for inventions is cunning, the possessors are even more cunning.
Go present the alien at least something.
It is not for nothing that you cannot open a resource on the network - "Aliens are among us!"

[Catfish]

I want to say that when humans do slam this planet, the only remaining people will have to rely on reptilians with a bowl of soy porridge.

[depressant]

Aha! "They nourish the hopes of young men, give joy to the elders." And the ominous future "comfort" grows more and more gloomily.

[Crowe]

Congratulations to everyone on the continuation of the Hundred Years War.
Happy Sunday and good weather everyone!

Why wait for good weather, I recognize the pampered inhabitants of megacities Moscow and St. Petersburg Paris and London! But in the rain we were not against a good battle

Traditional thanks to the author for a beautifully illustrated article!

[Catfish]

Yes, in St. Petersburg the people are especially pampered, with their kind of weather.
And the rest

I love you, my rains,
my heavy, autumn,
a little funny, a little absent-minded
I love you, my rains.

[3x3zsave]

Yes, in St. Petersburg the people are especially pampered, with their kind of weather.

[depressant]

And we, residents of the Moscow region, are so pampered! Not a tornado, even a lousy one (and they scour Central Russia!), No landslide, no mudflow, no flood, and even lava is not erupting. Only pitiful puddles and the unpaved path that has turned into a pool, visible from my west window. They didn’t finish finishing the elections, they say, let's see how you vote, and now they are taking revenge? Or completely financially depleted. People cheerfully knead the dirt on the side of the road. But there were concrete slabs there before the "improvement of living conditions" )))

[Catfish]

Luda, why do you need tornadoes with landslides when there are edros, headed by a permanent guarantor, it is not clear why.

[depressant]

there are edros

There are, Kostya, there are! And we ought to eat them.
Do you have trees on the site?
We have already reached them. Even if you intend to do pruning of bushes, just in case, visit the local Administration and get written permission from them sealed and signed by the mound. And then, you see, a fine will arrive!
And if you cut down a rotten tree, you also need to visit the forestry management.
In general, salaries are like in Mali, and the rules of life are like in Europe.

[Klio2]

"intend to do pruning of bushes" my father-in-law in his own yard, in front of the yard, sawed down the apricot and no fine, and his neighbors were warned: dry trees were lying in front of the yard

[Catfish]

Yes, all this is nonsense, in our village, on their plots, they saw everything that they need and whenever they want. And over the past 20 years, I have never seen the administration, and I have not heard anything about it.

[depressant]

Yes, all this is nonsense ...

I would not say that this is nonsense. This is the Federal Law of February 4, 2021
3 FZ "On Amendments to the Forestry Code", colloquially called the "Law on Trees".

The head of Urvista, Petropolsky, warned Russian summer residents about the "fine for trees."

MOSCOW, July 28 - RIA Novosti. A tree on your site can bring a number of problems - in some cases, it can only be cut down with the agreement of the settlement administration, even if it threatens life and health, Alexey Petropolsky, General Director of Urvista Law Firm, told the Prime agency.

"You should also remember if your site is adjacent to the forest fund. In this case, the cutting of trees must be coordinated with the forestry - even some villages are in the forest fund," the expert emphasizes.
In some cases, a fine is possible for cutting down trees on your site, warned Petropolsky.
According to him, if at the same time a tree, which threatened life and health, fell, for example, on a neighbor's car or on a neighbor's house, then the owner of the site is also responsible for not protecting others from the tree in time.
Urvista is a legal services firm.

A lot of such laws have already been adopted through amendments. Last summer, Speaker of the Federation Council Valentina Matvienko said that the State Duma, tirelessly shoveling all the old laws, bringing them into compliance with the requirements of the times. And now they are about to finish shoveling. And at the same moment, the entire bulk of discriminatory legislation will fall upon the population.
So, fellow citizens, do not flatter yourself. Just figure out what is wrong with you - parsley, chickens, cats, dogs, cows, fences, trees, barbecues are not there, etc., and try to bring it back to normal. I assure you that the juicer will start in a year.

[Klio2]

I read that you can't keep cattle at your summer cottage, and keep cats and dogs as long as you like.

[Richard]

You are right, Katya. A small addition - you can't keep chickens yet. And this is generally correct. If you do not keep track of them, they will dig and trample all neighboring beds in search of earthworms.

[Richard]

Catfish: Yes, all this is nonsense! on their site they saw everything that is needed and when you want

Nonsense, of course, about the parsley, the trees and the pruning of bushes. Lyudmila Yakovlevna is just kidding
I am on my personal plot of IZhS, and I have it almost in the center of the village, laying the city sewerage system and cold water supply for myself in the summer, I cut down almost 90% of my garden - the tracks just pass through it. The administration only threw up their hands: - "Such beauty was destroyed at once, is it really not a pity?"
Of course it's a pity! Yes, only water with sewerage is much more needed - put a 2-contact boiler and there will be heat and hot water in the tap. And trees and shrubs are profitable business. It's autumn now - we are planting seedlings. May God grant health to Seryozha - "Corsair" for his professional online consultations. Didn't leave me in trouble and helped me a lot. Thanks!!! And for the soil analysis and guidance on the exact, friendly placement of the seedlings!

[Richard]

Now, at the expense of parsley, parsley itself does not fall under the ban, and therefore it can be safely grown in the garden in any quantity, using greens. The taboo concerns exactly the cultivation of seeds. curly parsley for the production of oils hazardous to health from them.
link: legal site - https://tsargrad.tv/news/shtraf-za-posadku-petrushki-40-tysjach-rublej-chto-nuzhno-znat-dachnikam-o-zaprete_358242

[Bolt cutter]

for the production of oils hazardous to health from them.

It is easy to make MMDA from myristicin - an even more powerful analogue of MDMA (Extasy)

[depressant]

The administration only threw up their hands: - "Such beauty was destroyed at once, is it really not a pity?"

Dima, glad to see you! )))
Ok, so far so good. But be careful. The bulk of the amended laws has not yet reached the administration, and besides, it, the administration, does not have any personal claims against you. And if they arise ... Or they will arise from one of the neighbors, or from the one to whom you crossed the road. And then the punitive machine will be turned on through lawyers.
I had a chance to read the stories of burnt-out entrepreneurs, literally the other day. And, you know, on what very often they "burned"? On the fact that they did not formalize their every gesture, each his own "sneeze".
Times have changed a lot, the lives of our citizens are being altered to fit the Western standard. But our people live much poorer and much less prosperous than in the West. Therefore, in order not to cause mass unrest (according to the new laws, everyone violates something), the punitive machine will turn on slowly and extremely selectively, bypassing only the upper classes. But sooner or later it will turn on at full power.
And since I am rooting for you, I urge: do not play with fire, be prudent. God saves man, who save himself!
I wish you success! )))

[Richard]

Greetings, Lyudmila Yakovlevna
And I am glad to see you in good health

[astra wild2]

And in our neighborhood, in the private sector, people cut off when they want

[Alf]

Quote: depressant

People cheerfully knead the dirt on the side of the road.

[Fat]

Quote: Crowe

Why wait for good weather

The optimistic content of the post does not in any way correspond to the consequences of this attack by the heavy cavalry of Gonzaga near Foronovo ... I understand the inhabitants of megalopolises

[sivuch]

And where are they, i.e. Italians, blowing spears?

[Fat]

Igor, Nothing has gone anywhere Simply - this picture is the right one with a 2-page illustration from the magazine - a book from DeAgostini "100 battles that changed the world. Fornovo - 1495" (46th issue) ...

[sivuch]

And I really thought that it was necessary to change the view on the tactics of the knightly cavalry.

[Fat]

But on this fragment - Rodolfo Gonzaga himself "in front of the detachment on a black horse, in a beautiful hat, with a sword bald ..."

[3x3zsave]

"in front of the detachment on a black horse, in a beautiful hat, with a sword bald ..."
It's a pity the potatoes haven't been delivered yet.

[Fat]

Anton.
And they did have figs, that is to say, figs, they are figs, they are also wine berries ... And clearly and satisfying, and yes .. it is true, they say, fermented figs are dangerous

[3x3zsave]

true, they say, fermented figs are dangerous to eat
Apparently Barbarossa did not know this.

[depressant]

Good morning, Anton!))))
Fig is the fruit of a fig tree, the branches of which, even thick ones, are very fragile. So it is dangerous to even collect figs. I know of several cases when people were killed to death, harvesting. And the really ripe figs - not the ones in the stores - are sugary-sweet.

[Korsar4]

Avicenna also defined it as the sweetest of all fruits.

[depressant]

Avicenna did not eat wild persimmon! )))
Bunches of ripe wild persimmons, withering towards late autumn, are the sweetest, thickest jam in every little fruit. The tree is rare, economically unprofitable. Because it is high, it shades others, and there are few fruits. In general, not for everybody.
But, of course, the most delicious persimmon of any kind is dried. An expensive treat.

[Korsar4]

Once I tore a persimmon from a tree - in Tajikistan. Liked.

[depressant]

And, so persimmon grows there too ...
Southern fruits are sweet. They say that Brittany is incredibly beautiful in nature and architecture, culturally rich, but doubting that besides apples, there are some other fruits. This is me on the topic of the article, if that)))

[3x3zsave]

This is me on the topic of the article, if that)))
"We all stand to the sound of a vegetable tango,
We are attracted by this super-vegetable mango. "(C)

[depressant]

"Under the screams" goal ", under the smell of polyurethane,
And from the habit of smiling incessantly
The skin on the face grows stronger. "(C)
I remember when Kortnev played a noble officer in Children of the Arbat, he made excuses for a long time: "I'm not like that!"
In general, an honest person)))

[3x3zsave]

"I have not read it, but I condemn it!" (FROM)
We are all sometimes "honest people" ...

[depressant]

What's true is true - "sometimes" )))
Rummage in each of us, you will find something strange - a manifestation of reason, which evil morals, angrily knitting their eyebrows, sharply condemn, not realizing that it was all a way of survival.

[3x3zsave]

I prefer to use the postulates of Socrates and Descartes.

[Bolt cutter]

that besides apples, there are some other fruits

Peaches, kiwi cherries, pineapples. There is even a mysterious Japanese medlar.

[depressant]

I wonder how the Japanese medlar can differ from the usual one? Well, there are two flavors. In one hefty bones, little pulp, in the other small bones, a lot of pulp, and this is all my knowledge)))

[Bolt cutter]

can the Japanese medlar be different from the usual one?

Eryobotrya japonica is its name, so there is simply no non-Japanese medlar. By the way, tea grows in England.

[depressant]

That is, medlar is a native Japanese plant? Thanks for the information)))
Well, tea ... the impression is that if you plant it in the suburbs, it will grow here too. If I had my own site, I would have planted it. None, even the most expensive tea in boxes, bags, loose by weight, others will never reach the quality of self-assembled, twisted and carefully dried by them.

[Bolt cutter]

an original Japanese plant?

Chinese. Came to Japan during the Tang dynasty.

plant him in the suburbs, he will grow up here too

Grunts in the first winter. The plant is tropical, but tolerates an oceanic climate. Three days below zero - and that's it, drink coffee.

[depressant]

In Abkhazia, it happened - 10, survived the bushes. However, if you put a warm floor in the greenhouse from the stove ... Listen, grapes are grown in the suburbs! ))))
And in the Far East, among the oak forests, delicious wild grapes grow. And there are very decent frosts.

[Bolt cutter]

grapes are grown in the suburbs!

Vinland - this is how the Vikings called the Canadian Newfoundland because they found wild grapes there. The vine has many subspecies, and some grow in both Canada and the Far East.

[3x3zsave]

The fig is the fruit of the fig tree,
Good evening, Lyudmila Yakovlevna!
I know, but anyway, thanks!

[depressant]

Anton, you are an expert, I did not explain it for you)))
There are many people who do not know that the fig mentioned in ancient books is a fig. I myself, only a few years ago, brought one with the other into a single one and, remembering my experience, explained it to those who do not know. AND...
Good evening! )))
Judging by the fact that everything here, nothing interesting appeared on History, such that the whole company went there. All the same, I'll go and check.

[3x3zsave]

What an expert I am, Lyudmila Yakovlevna !? For me, at the place of birth, "berry" is what you need to crawl on all fours through the swamps!
Simply, I remember that Montaigne confidently made his judgments "about the savages" (meaning the Indians), without leaving Bordeaux.

[depressant]

The land is large, you cannot run over and, taking into account the number of oceans and other smaller bodies of water, you cannot swim.
And I did check the new entries in History. It's about the Black Sea Fleet. So, putting on a peakless cap and straightening the ribbons, Kostya will go there )))

[3x3zsave]

Uh-huh, if you woke up. And then, I saw this article. What is called: "And don’t wear your Ulyanka for nothing! And don’t wear it with a dowry, don’t wear it !!!" (C)

[depressant]

In such cases, I reflect:
Why is it so easy for me to breathe in the difficult conditions of the Hundred Years War and becomes unbearable from the history of my country? Once it came down. Because its own! After recalling your past, you think - this, oh, it was not necessary, and this - well, quite the opposite, but took it and twisted it ...
Our historians write in such a way that they evoke approximately the same feelings. You read, and it’s sad and bitter, and you’re looking for a face to fill, but that face (princely, royal, etc.) is in the past, it is no longer there. And then, in such situations, some turn their predatory gaze, revengeful smile and loud hostile speech to the author of the article and to each other. )))

[3x3zsave]

why is it so easy for me to breathe in the difficult conditions of the Hundred Years War
Because, everything has already happened.

[depressant]

Eh, don't tell me! And the Hundred Years War
- it was and passed, and our kings - were, but ended. The only time I could breathe easily while reading about kings was the Pauline trilogy. Maybe because the tone was right. Tsars - they are not relatives, strangers, history - as if not ours. Oh, then please)))
I suppose the French have the same attitude towards their own history - with elements of hostility. But the history of Spain for them - wow, how interesting! )))

[3x3zsave]

I guess the French have the same attitude towards their own history.
I think no. Do you want to take an interest in the opinion of a Frenchwoman?

[depressant]

Why not, if there is such a possibility?)))

[3x3zsave]

Please:
"Contrairement aux idées reçuées, nous apprécions l'histoire de notre nation ainsi que l'histoire des autres peuples. Nous ne déstestons en aucun cas notre histoire. Nous en avons besoin pour apprendre et avançer en tant qu'individu queant mais nation. " Christelle S.

[depressant]

"Contrary to popular belief, we value the history of our country, as well as the history of other peoples. We do not question our history in any way. We need this to learn and develop as a person, but also as a person."
Very good!
I love that Christelle doesn't question her story. Probably, like all her compatriots. But as for Jeanne ...
However, I am silent. We will not preface events - Olegovich promised about Jeanne)))

[3x3zsave]

but also as a person
"as well as a nation"

[depressant]

Anton, I apologize for not finishing the phrase, but in the end - the whole point.
We also have people who say something similar about Russian history. But somehow much more verbose, losing pathos on the go.
At the same time, Christel's statement contains something that is unlikely to be found in our country - an attitude towards the history of your country as something whole. We have three parts, three components of the story, namely:
Until 1917,
From 1917 to 1991,
After the year 1991.
And each part has its ardent supporters and equally ardent opponents.
The attitude to these parts is fancifully shuffled, creating combinations that are difficult to understand and accept. I would not like to go into politics, but reconciliation between the mentioned combinations as a condition for reconciliation of the nation from this point of view is not yet possible. And it is hardly possible in the near future. We have lost the conditions of our unity. This is in contrast to France.

[3x3zsave]

They respect their history in all its manifestations. And we have, for a hundred years, a civil war, in all its manifestations

[depressant]

Agree. If Vyacheslav Olegovich gives an appropriate topic, the issue can be discussed in more detail.

[3x3zsave]

No-no-no, without me!

[depressant]

From what?)))
Have you forgotten that France experienced a kind of civil wars during the Hundred Years War, which is mentioned in one of Crowe's comments - here, on this topic? And such were the inclinations of the barons to civil wars that Charles VII was even forced to forbid the nobility to engage in such a thing, to call the noble persons to order at the legislative level. They had a lot of things. It's just that they had it so long ago, which means that the period of finally coming agreement is so long that they gave up on the royalists and democrats of the past and said: "Yes, do not care!" By the 20th century, they had forgotten the differences of one with the other - generations were gone.

[3x3zsave]

I know about bourguignons and armagnacs even without Crow. I am ready to discuss them, enemies of accordion players - no!

[3x3zsave]

Yes. And here, a person living in Kemerovo, hates me only because I live in St. Petersburg. I eat it, you see!

[depressant]

Anton, this is the result of frankly carried out work to push the Russian regions with their heads together - let the poor, poor and poor Russians be usefully distracted by tough squabbles with each other, while the oligarchs, whose companies are registered mainly in Moscow and St. Petersburg, suck the loot from the regions, throwing a little small to Muscovites and Petersburgers, so that they do not take the side of the regional poor. After all, all revolutions are made only in the capitals!
And narrow-minded people from the regions, not understanding who really need to direct their anger, will accuse you of their unenviable position.
I see all these squabbles on different resources. Squabbles, much more violent than on VO. And this, I repeat, is the result of the policy of the oligarchy. And you are credited with agreeing with him. Although you just use what is given, without thinking about the origin of the given. Because there is no time, you work. But the regional poor do not even think that if you lose your job, your situation may be even worse than theirs.

[3x3zsave]

And narrow-minded people from the regions
ROSS42 will be greatly surprised by your assessment of his mental abilities.

[depressant]

I respect Yuri Vasilyevich.
But he lacks open-mindedness. Obviously, he wants you to share his concern about his apparently not very enviable position. Not realizing that the salvation of the drowning is the work of the drowning themselves. But he is just an old man, he no longer has the strength to resist the rapid current, and this must be understood. He can no longer become the core of the consolidation of the people around him in the fight against injustice. He is not even able to look for such a core nearby and join it. By accusing you of his position, he simply lightens the soul. Do not react.
I, too, do not react to people who do not like me. I don't need to prove something to them about myself. Because I don't need their love. Do the same for you.

[3x3zsave]

You see, I consider all the advantage of my place of residence only in the possibility of participating in cultural life.

[depressant]

That's it!
Peter is a treasure trove that can be admired endlessly. Even just walking the streets.

[3x3zsave]

But even then, more than six months ago I thought that the majority of members of the forum are deprived of this ... Now, when I visit exhibitions, I take pictures of the exposition completely and I am ready to share my impressions with anyone who wants to share them.

[depressant]

Yes, just write an article with a large number of photos and comments to them and post it on VO. I guess everyone will be all for it. And the maximum number of users will be able to place it in their favorites.

[3x3zsave]

I would do that, but the trouble is, the exhibitions are mostly not specialized.

[depressant]

I do not quite understand what you mean.

[3x3zsave]

For example, from the Museum of Contemporary Art "Erarta", and the Hermitage ones often do not correspond to the theme of the site.

[depressant]

Ah, that's it ...
I assumed that you would like to write something about such corners of St. Petersburg where famous military men lived, were, or are located higher military educational institutions, cadet corps, hospitals, etc. And ... you photograph, don't you?

[3x3zsave]

Yes, you may have seen my photographs in the "Decembrist" cycle of Shpakovsky.

[depressant]

Saw )))
There, if my memory serves me, thanks to you flashed in the comments. Take a few of these photos and expand the short captions below them into small, entertaining stories written in an easy, casual manner. Here is the article.

[3x3zsave]

Probably just laziness ... With Shpakovsky, how did it happen: I suggested, he agreed, I "fired up". But there was already a ready-made concept. And then it turns out: come up with an idea, take a picture, write ... Too much fuss.

[depressant]

Don't like to fuss? )))
Without difficulty, you can not catch fish from the pond.
And my bell has disappeared
I wrote to the Administration.

[3x3zsave]

I hate it very much!
I even consider news a "cold dish". I, in spite of all my "buffoonery", is rather a melancholic ....

[depressant]

Autumn is a time of melancholy, sometimes deep.
The missing bell worries.
And before that there were some attacks on the phone.
I'll try to restart.

[Korsar4]

“You sing, you sing in the garden, nightingale!
You sing, you sing in the garden, nightingale! "
"Oh, I would be glad to sing to you,
Oh, I'd love to sing to you.

I would be glad, I would be glad to sing to you,
I would be glad, I would be glad to sing to you,
Oh, my voice is gone,
Oh, my voice was gone:

I lost, I lost my voice,
I lost, I lost my voice,
Oh, flying through other people's gardens,
Oh, flying through other people's gardens ”(c).

[3x3zsave]

"Nightingales-nightingales,
Don't wake a soldier "(C)

[Korsar4]

"Only, mind you, don't fight me,
And let me get enough sleep "(c).

[3x3zsave]

"And it doesn't matter, the main thing is to love and feed on time" (C)

[Korsar4]

“A star fell on my palm.
I asked her: "Where are you from?" (with).

[3x3zsave]

"What is the number of the planet in the tentura, or at least the number of the galaxy in the spiral?" (WITH)

[depressant]

And then as he wakes up, so the nightingale is plucked!
And even to the song "You sing, you sing in the garden, nightingale!" With a mocking grin and a straw in his beard.

[3x3zsave]

straw in his beard.
I comb it out regularly, otherwise I suddenly suspect the "option" in connection with the lascivious girl hay ...

[depressant]

option

I'm amazed! )))
And it means bearded?
And Sergei seems to have a beard too.
Intelligentsia...

[3x3zsave]

"Corsair" bearded from time to time, I - for half a century.
Intelligentsia...
Do you want to offend?

[depressant]

You, intellectuals, will offend you, of course!
They say to you, "And I also put on my glasses!" And you so smartly in response to the panties and the cross.

[Korsar4]

Yours is not true. I can grow in the field. And in urban conditions, those around her begin to fight. Often successful.

[Undecim]

hay girl ...

Hay is from the word canopy, not from the word hay. Housemaid.

[3x3zsave]

We'll have to use a pipidaster instead of a comb.

[Undecim]

The school physics course says that the pipidastre is useless in this case. We need something else.

[3x3zsave]

Will a toilet brush work?

[Undecim]

Better a specialized product from Beard Life.

[3x3zsave]

Well, we talked about the maids, and so, the Philips trimmer is enough for me.

[Undecim]

Then iRobot Roomba S9 +.

[3x3zsave]

Uh-huh, like this

[depressant]

Wow - I lost my voice!
I gave out a whole aria. Like "walking around other people's gardens, looking out for prey"

[Korsar4]

"I'll sing right now!" (with).

[depressant]

In general, the bell was returned to me, but without a tongue it does not ring! I came on a whim, so sing, nightingale!
By the way, the path visible from the western window, well soaked in rain, was finally asphalted. Interestingly, it will withstand at least a year?

[Korsar4]

You see: a bell can replace a whim.

Our tracks have not been completed yet. If there is time, I go around this hypotenuse along the legs.
If not, I go off-road. When there is no rain, it's not scary.

[depressant]

So, about the tracks.
Once in the summer, when they were just planning to redo the track, a small excavator with a guest worker inside was spinning along the house. And suddenly he lowered the ladle and scraped out a 2x2 layer of earth. Almost opposite my window. Scrubbed deeply, along with the grass. I thought that someone wanted to put up a garage, and did not attach any importance. It turns out that you can't put a garage there. These 2x2 grass will only grow over three years later. And the fact that the mockery of the lawn is an outburst of hatred towards the locals, I realized only today, when I went to throw out the trash. The entire approach to the trash cans was littered with a mountain of earth, piled directly onto the asphalt - a mountain through which you cannot make your way, you can only roundabout. Where did it come from? How will the garbage trucks arrive? I looked closely and saw. After asphalting, the excavator, bending around the trees, drove along the entire inter-house territory, dug a deep winding trench, dumped this earth in front of the tanks, and, turning it back, compacted it with a trowel with wheels. Now in that useless, but very deep winding trench there will always be water. Not necessary because no pipes are laid along such "artistic" convolutions - this is the farewell of migrant workers. They hate us so much that they show it without hiding.
And then, looking out of the western window, the asphalt path parallel to the end of the house, I saw with horror that the path parallel to the facade was covered with sand. Will they be paved? But will the trees that grow under my window survive? Rowans? What is the price of hating us?
I'm getting scared already.

[Korsar4]

Similar thoughts. I brought my daughter's passport to school today.
And the small excavator was spinning around the sticks.
I also sympathized with them. Let it go.

It's another matter that cities are growing. And where the mountain ash grew, and waxwings flew in - asphalt during the next restructuring.

As a pedestrian, I love the land, free of asphalt. Even in bad weather.

[depressant]

On the land, free of asphalt, one would not mind walking. And people used to go - to the forest, picking mushrooms. This year - nobody! Everyone froze with concern. Probably, the laws about mushrooms have come down to us )))

[Korsar4]

People go picking mushrooms.
Yes, even picking an acorn from the ground or picking a bunch from a mountain ash is a pleasure.

[depressant]

Ohh! ...
My bell is ringing, but it shows nothing. Something broke - either my phone or the VO website.
It is you, Sergei, who are calm and balanced, and something is happening around. An important digital worker was declared a traitor and was arrested - he handed over to the FBI our main hacker (??), Madame Rakova, an activist - either she was educated, then she was from Sberbank (??? !!!) - was arrested for embezzlement; a new set of different resources was announced today by foreign agents (it's high time!) ...
So the soul is out of place for those who are busy in the information field. And it seems to me that, in order to save money, VO reduced programmers, and now I am suffering with a bell, which in turn sharply reduces the possibility of my presence on the site (((

[Korsar4]

After your post, Kozma Prutkov persistently remembers throwing stones into the water and the circles they form. You succeed.

After work yesterday I wandered around Moscow with a friend. Such pleasure is difficult to take away.

[depressant]

Aha !!! ... Can't sleep?
That's me too!
Because on the 29th, on schedule, a magnetic storm caused by a piece of solar plasma is very strong. Such that in the daytime a titmouse even flew into my "smoking room" through the narrow sash of the window and began to beat against the glass of the closed wide sash. Opening the window wider, I got a whole waterfall of furious titmouse abuse. Before flying away, the bird sat on the windowsill next to me and fearlessly delivered its speech, looking me straight in the eyes. I never thought it was possible. And how much irony I have already received from watching the storms! ..
As for walking at night. When in 2008 the tower of the broadcasting station of radio and other waves burned at night, I went to watch. Multicolored street lighting, lush, bright crowns of trees and bushes, warm gentle air filled with the scent of flowers, the singing of the Nightingale and even the stars were visible - an amazing feeling of soft comfort, such as is yours and nobody else's.
Now it’s not like that.

[3x3zsave]

"Mars attacks!"

[depressant]

Don't hint at the picture!
Kostya is somewhere mired in something, Seryozha does not appear - our illustrators.

[3x3zsave]

Kostya is somewhere mired in something
Sleeping again, I suppose, as usual.
Seryozha does not appear
Which the??? Here, you know, "every face, then - Seryozha!" At times, the names of the interlocutors and salesmen are brought back to childhood ...

[depressant]

"Every face is Seryozha"
))))
And this is how I distinguish them.
The corsair is melancholic, serious, solid, coldish, and even a poet. He is Sergey.
Phil is a sanguine person, a merry fellow, a good friend. He is warm, because Seryozha.

[Korsar4]

It remains to fix the temperature.
And seriousness, and even solidity - where are they hiding?

[depressant]

Good morning Sergey! )))
They finally attached a tongue to my bell, and rang it!
Seriousness, solidity - where are they hiding?
In you, Sergey, in you! In the serious philosophical nature of your statements, in their serenity, in the serenity of views on life. Actually, they are not hiding - they are visible. So, goal like a falcon! ))))
And your temperature, I hope, is normal. Otherwise, you will open Yandex, and there the reports from the medical front are not good.

[Korsar4]

Hello, Lyudmila Yakovlevna!

Yes.
"We are cheerful, cheerful and healthy" (c).

And Vanka's felting does not contradict seriousness?

[depressant]

Seriousness - contradicts)))
It does not contradict the ardent mind, which is often mistaken - the fact that it is all in search of truth. The jesters, too, were not stupid.

[Phil77]

No need. No need to fix the temperature. The authorities' efforts are already causing a serious reflex ...
Good evening Sergey! How is Sretenka standing? I wonder if ordinary people still live there?

[depressant]

Seryozha, dear, good evening! )))
Once I wandered around Sretenka, it was! And there was a sense of magic. And so I think: if I get there now, what will I feel? Nothing, I suspect. The soul has dried up. M-dya ...

[3x3zsave]

You shouldn't go back to places that were once good.

[depressant]

You see, Anton, and you become a philosopher.
I tried to reason like you. And what did she find? I don’t want to go to the staircase, but we must! Outside...
Everything has become so unnecessary. Something happened that eliminated the need for anything. Autumn happened? )))

[3x3zsave]

I hope you haven't ruled out the need to communicate with me?

[depressant]

How can I exclude from my life people with whom I have an urgent need to communicate? )))

[3x3zsave]

Thank you, Lyudmila Yakovlevna!
I never thought I was a donor ...

[depressant]

Oh no! I'm not a vampire! Rather, on the contrary.
It can be a hard day and a lot of things to do.
But the faces of dear friends, their speeches -
Akin to stinking blood)))

[3x3zsave]

Whenever you were a vampire, monami, Lyudmila Yakovlevna, I would not communicate with you.

[depressant]

Oh, Anton! ...
It would be so in real life. But no! Whoever you look at is a vampire. And the further, the more such people around. And there are fewer and fewer bright faces. Everyone looks at everyone and thinks, they say, to snatch from that counterpart. Difficulties of the era of universal vampirization.

[3x3zsave]

No need to get angry
"We wait a long time. Everyone went dirty,
That is why they became alike,
And in the rain they turned out to be different -
Most are honest, good. "(C)

[depressant]

And we were also born to make a fairy tale come true. If we understand the horrors of capitalism by a fairy tale, then the reason for our birth sounds extremely ambiguous. ))))))

[3x3zsave]

Yes, we have not actually seen the "horrors of capitalism". What you call this is not capitalism.

[depressant]

Yes, a transitional period from non-socialism to the porch. This is what the absence of not a sham, but a genuine high-born nobility means.

[3x3zsave]

Oh wei! Lyudmila Yakovlevna, don't sing to me about the "true nobility"! Otherwise, I can throw in such examples from the European Middle Ages! ...

[depressant]

So then the Middle Ages, and then the 19th century. I was very surprised when I learned that "the most Russian of the tsars" Alexander III barely spoke Russian and spoke with a terrible accent.

[3x3zsave]

How did you know this? Did you communicate with contemporaries close to the court?
And my mom speaks with an awesome "Volodymer" accent, and why?

[depressant]

Alexander spoke with a German accent.
I would prefer that with "Volodymyr")))
But that's not the point. Our so-called aristocrats pretended to be like that, and, say, the English were and are. Even not very well-born. The tradition was formed a thousand years ago and, like a comb, combed all the newcomers. Tradition is the main thing that preserves the country.

[3x3zsave]

What nafig tradition ??? In Europe, it was redrawn a couple of times in a century and a half!

[depressant]

Anton, I'm a little tired, I haven't slept all night. Let's continue the argument tomorrow on some topic. It's just that thoughts have become like viscous molasses, as if I'm stuck in it )))

[3x3zsave]

Goodnight!

[depressant]

And sweet dreams to you! )))

[Phil77]

Go ahead then? A little more of the past?

Sretenka. K / t * Uranium *. Childhood.
I love photographs of old Moscow and its inhabitants.

[depressant]

Do you know, my friend, how much of this is in the same St. Petersburg? I mean the ruins and devastation behind the beautiful facades. Every old house must be carefully preserved. But this is difficult, laziness, there is no culture of life. After all, this is the style - "For a collective farm, and so will come down!" I first heard these words, it seems, in 2003. Or a little later. Since then they have been burning me. Once in Moscow I found an old merchant street. I walked along it and respected myself, a completely different sense of self. Probably that street is gone.

[Phil77]

Lavrsky and Troitsky lanes. Old Moscow, which no longer exists.

In one of these wooden houses on Lavry, at first my grandfather and grandmother lived when they arrived in Moscow from the Vladimir region, and then Troitskaya Street, and then OWN apartment / not * a communal apartment *! / In Biryulyovo. ..history.

[depressant]

Whoa! ...
Here's something like that I saw! And as if plunged into history. Such a heady feeling. As if not the 20th century, but still the 19th, and I am in it. And when I again found myself among cars and modern city noise, I felt the loss of something important to myself. I knew that even if I went there again, the charm of that lovely fleetingness would no longer arise. But I still remember her fleetingness.

[Korsar4]

Vizbor is remembered:

“But the enemy - he is impudent and brawler,
For games, he wears a razor, then a gun:
Here a famous terrorist captains,
The son of the Assyrian, the Assyrian Leo Uranus. "

[Korsar4]

Good evening, Seryozha!

There was a choice - from the station to Rozhdestvensky Boulevard, this time I went along Myasnitskaya.

I walked around Sretenka on Sunday. Costs. And the names of the lanes sound like music.

[Phil77]

We, cats, generally go through life laughing.
Good evening my friend!

[depressant]

Thank you for the cat - sinful! I wander in Zen sometimes, I look at cute faces, it becomes easier.
Glances crossed, flashed, disappeared into the crowd. But as if a gentle wind touched the face and stroked the skin.

[Korsar4]

And if we recall the Novgorod veche, then so many periods can be noted.
These parts penetrate one another, sprout with roots.

And if you separate them, then you can turn into Ivanov, those who do not remember kinship.

[depressant]

It can be assumed that in the same France a certain social contract took place. Like, we will assume that everything that has been done in our history was for the better. It is unlikely that the terms of this agreement were written down on some kind of paper, let alone voiced by politicians. It's just that the whole people amicably had the feeling that it was necessary this way and only that way. How else to live on? For example, from a feeling of shame for the country's behavior in World War II. It was reasonable, the French would say in response to the reproach. Reasonable, who allowed to save the country. And what do you want from us? We gave the name "Stalingrad" to one of the metro stations, but we appreciate all your Russian classics ...
They are smaller than us in territory and they are all French! They have no chains on their feet. This allows them to be united in relation to their history.

[Korsar4]

According to Voltaire: "Everything is for the best in this best of worlds."

[depressant]

And there is.
For example, the Soviet government was faced with the presence of estates and the corresponding inter-class relations, which have not gone anywhere! And I had to introduce the NEP for a certain period. Otherwise, the state simply did not take place. But, suppressed for a while, the estates quietly transformed, changing their shape, adapting to new times, fixing themselves in a new format, surviving, getting stronger and leading to the 91st year.
However, having taken power, the ruling classes faced the class of ordinary Soviet citizens, in fact, with their class consciousness, which denies any class.
What will happen next? Moreover, in the conditions of a rapidly approaching era of a new technological order?

[depressant]

And if you separate them, then you can turn into Ivanov, those who do not remember kinship.

Sergey, my previous comment - the one to which I attached this one - is the answer to your opinion))))

[Korsar4]

Understood, Lyudmila Yakovlevna.

[Korsar4]

It's like in biology: at once discreteness is also a continuum.
On the question of borders.

[depressant]

I missed this comment of yours. In the sheet with the list of responses - all ancient, new ones are not received.

[Korsar4]

It's OK. In this format, the conversation always ends sooner or later.

[3x3zsave]

And I, meanwhile, try. I study the geography of medieval Paris ... But it turns out that no one needs it except Mikhail, and he indirectly ...
Abydna, huh?

[depressant]

I’ll say a banality.
No knowledge is superfluous!
You will see, not now, but in the future it will shoot on occasion. Not once or twice I was convinced on my own skin. True, you also need to be able to shoot. Our Olgovich shoots, shoots, and all the bullets return to him, the skin is perforated. I feel sorry for him, I sew on his skin with the pluses of the patch)))

[Flooding]

There is also a crossbowman and an infantryman with a battle scythe. Miniature from the manuscript "Good Civilians"

Battle scythe- weapon of yesterday's peasant
in the image we see a professional warrior, on whose shoulder, after all, a glaive
This is confirmed by the spike on the opposite end of the shaft and the curved blade part, in contrast to the concave one at the braid

[kalibr]

This is definitely a glaive. And the owner himself is far from a peasant.

[vladcub]

But also not a baron

[Liam]

Miniature from the manuscript "Good Civilians"

De Bello Civili translates to Civil War.

[Flooding]

Quote: Liam

De Bello Civili translates to Civil War.

You are absolutely right.
For Latin.
And "good civilians" are like a bad translation from Italian.

[astra wild2]

Vyacheslav Olegovich, in fairness, then 2/3 of the population were peasants. So he is a descendant of peasants.

[3x3zsave]

rather a glaive
One would assume that this is a Kuza, but the date of creation of the miniature sweeps aside doubts, yes, it is probably an early type of glaive.

[Korsar4]

Adversity can sharpen the senses. Long-term adversity can dull the mind.

The detailed address "Wallet or Life" well lists the resources that you can pick up.

[Catfish]

Hello, Sergey!
Is there a way out?

[Korsar4]

Hi Constantine!

Available. Only here - either walk the right paths, or hope for a miracle. And miracles do occur.

[depressant]

And miracles do occur.

This is when the puny endured suddenly turns out to be Jackie Chan or, who has fallen asleep in a ditch, but raised by the holder of the rights to the wallet, is an oversized Svyatogor.

[Korsar4]

About the puny boy who showed character, Zoshchenko immediately remembered.

If it comes to that, then one evening, twenty-five years ago, I was returning from two jobs, and even received an advance payment. The guy was twisted by three, and even in the back they poked something, probably representing a pistol.
He showed firmness - he did not give the wallet. I remembered Nicholas the Wonderworker - and they left. The neck then ached slightly.
Believe it or not.

[depressant]

I believe, Sergei, I truly believe!
But where did you hide the money? Didn't they search? But you did not hide them in the same way as the American suffered in the Vietnamese dungeon hid the clock )))

[Korsar4]

No. It didn't come to a search. And this is not a plot for Tarantino. However, and good.

[Catfish]

Hmmm ... somehow not very much. Not a time to remember Tarantino with a watch.

[depressant]

I suppose Sergei, as an oversized guy, just shook off the gopniks.

[Phil77]

"I remembered Nicholas the Wonderworker, and they left."
Aloud? Then I am not surprised why they left. Sergei! No offense, just a moronic good mood. In the sense that I have!

[depressant]

Seryozha, what happened to Nicholas the Wonderworker? Can you explain? )))

[Korsar4]

I just asked him for help. They left abruptly.
There is nothing to be proud of. As an example, I hope it works.

That I scattered everyone like Parrot Kesha, I will not brag.

[depressant]

This is what I believe.
In Chukotka, my mother was caught in a blizzard. Flies sharply and immediately, the outstretched hand is not visible. Mother turned with a prayer to Nicholas the Wonderworker. Out of nowhere, old man. "I'm a dentist from your military unit. Come on, I'll bring you in." Brought. Of course, there was no dentist in the unit, he didn't even appear. I have already told this case on VO. This is a family legend.
I have heard many stories about Nicholas the Wonderworker. It really helps. It's good that they reminded me, I'll pray in the evening. Although somehow uncomfortable - I'm a fan of Jesus. Maybe he'll be offended?

[astra wild2]

He mesmerized them

[Korsar4]

Who mesmerized whom?
Sometimes there is a stick in my hands, but this is when I walk in the forest through swampy terrain.
And so yes - you can learn from Gendolph if Michael does not criticize.

[Richard]

I just asked him for help. They left abruptly.
There is nothing to be proud of. As an example, I hope it works?

.
It is.
In the 80s, across the river and in trucks and in armored personnel carriers, one could often find his paper icon. There was no punishment for this.
Apparently, this is where the fashion went in the 90s to decorate the torpedoes of their vehicles with its icons

[Phil77]

What's so incomprehensible here?
"-Guy, do you have a smoke?
-I do not smoke.
-It's clear.
Then here's the thing. Jump out of the watch. Your jacket isn't bad. Yeah. And don't forget your wallet. "
And here follows Sergey's answer with a mention of Nicholas the Wonderworker, etc.
I don’t know, but in the place of these guys it would be better to walk further and not touch, hmmm, well, not a citizen in himself.
Once again, please do not be offended!

[3x3zsave]

"Hippies caught by evil gopniks
- Drive the grandmother, hairy!
- Where did I get the money ???
- Then take off your pants!
- Why do you need them, patch on patch ...
- Then, boots!
- They are painted ...
- What are you, hippie by nature ???
- Aha!
- In, damn it !!! Vasya, give him 20 kopecks! "

[Phil77]

Ha, ha, ha, ha! Exactly! Bravo, Anton!

[Korsar4]

It's good when you're in a good mood. And the weather is getting better.
Has thought power, Seryozha. Believe it or not.

[Klio2]

Here Astra carries a scalpel and whines about a pistol. If it's late (sometimes it happens) I go to meet me.
Violetta is local and she is not touched. Her father also commanded the punks

[Phil77]

Oh !!! So you also have Violetta ????
"That's it. The house is gone."
Preobrazhensky Ave.

[Klio2]

Her story is purple. Only Zulya and I commented

[astra wild2]

Liar, Fork readily read about: kings

[Fat]

Katarina. You shouldn't rely on good saints, psalm 90, the department of good sorceresses, the teaching staff and the familiar punks ... Although the scalpel in the sleeve does not give a guarantee, it is still obviously more true. I talked about my funny experience, I do not want to repeat.

[Phil77]

Where did a person with such a peaceful and necessary profession as a physicist get such possession of narrowly professional slang?
Reading Dontsova left its mark, my friend!

[depressant]

If you tell me, Seryozha, then I went through the 90s.
It first.
Secondly, I read books of the "Stalker" series.
The rough dialogues of the characters combined with the subtlest psychological analysis of the unusual state of the soul, which are given by some authors. No art house will come through. For example, now I am re-reading Gravitsky, "Cleaning up".

[Ross xnumx]

But a song is a song, but how can you really fight with a hoe with men at arms with swords in your hands? Not a word is said about this.

What is there to say when there is nothing to say? like that:

[kalibr]

These are fairy tales!

[Ross xnumx]

Quote: kalibr

These are fairy tales!

These are the tales of Dmitry Vasiliev and Sergei Eisenstein. Everything in life was cooler: the hooks were longer, and the clubs were more powerful ...

[vladcub]

Comrades, the day was a success: V. O knights rammed. There is something to read and discuss

[kalibr]

And there was also an article about the Mauser revolver! Take a look at "Weapons".

[vladcub]

Thanks. I'll come right now

[Korsar4]

Yet clarity - how good the day is - may come the next morning.

[Catfish]

And Monday is hard laziness.

[Korsar4]

If it doesn't start on Saturday.

[depressant]

You will laugh, but I stupidly studied the platform of the "New People" who entered the Duma. They decided to buy me by climbing onto the Strugatskys' books. But I'm standing right on the ground.

[Korsar4]

And during their company, they handed me newspapers, where they boasted that they had planted 60 trees in 400 regions. But this goes to about 000 hectares per region.

A student with an assistant took me one for 10 hectares.
I think so on all counts.

[depressant]

I believe that this is a replacement for Ours.
They wandered in uniform, waved flags and posters, hung out on Seliger. On the part of the population, preoccupied with the needs of being, the reaction is zero.
Well, gone into oblivion.
Taking into account the experience, these were introduced to the Duma - let them shout about "Distant Rainbow" and about Monday, which starts on Saturday. It is more audible from the Duma rostrum. Having taken away the possibility of one tsunami to become communist and win in a collision with a capitalist tsunami, as it is supposed in "Distant Rainbow", what will this do? To collide our frail pseudo-capitalist wave with the western tsunami?
It seems to me that the Presidential Administration no longer knows what to grab onto.

[Korsar4]

This is not a substitute. Everything that is done well comes out of the one who does it professionally. With all reservations.

[Phil77]

Yeah. And here on Biryulyovo only "edrossy" wandered. With flags and brochures at the ready. One clung, well, his eyes crossed, he decided that it was possible.
-And you will vote for us?
To which he received an encouraging answer:
- Get lost, Satan! Let the devils vote for your party.
That's the whole election campaign.

[Korsar4]

Quite a convincing conversation. The main thing is that it is peaceful.

[Phil77]

Well, why not? On his part, the game / although he deliberately lost in the hope of “getting into people.” As you know, their party bosses have their own kids. can't?

[kalibr]

Quote: Phil77

It is so?

In the 90s, the struggle for chairs was more interesting ...

[Phil77]

Oh, how hard it is to disagree!
They simply do not need to FIGHT for the voter. They are even strained by the imitation of this struggle.

[depressant]

Let him serve himself

According to a message in Yandex, part of the vertical in the form of nuts and cogs - well, there are all sorts of small things from state employees like weather forecasters and others like that - so they received a slight salary increase, as well as some one-time payments and the opportunity to improve the situation for account of the favors of the governors, if such will be revealed. In May there will be a bonus for those who are bureaucrats. There, apparently, it will be much more serious. The rest, of which there are many times more, let them negotiate with the owners ...
So.
So that the owners do not have to bother themselves with contracts with the work collective, the work of any enterprises is now built on a one-time contract.
For example, a store. Sellers - by combination. In this store, in another, in the third. They run. Two days here, two days there, a couple of days somewhere else. This is already a fickle team capable of rallying, such as could have been observed three years ago.
Moreover, the number of sellers was sharply reduced, and those who remained are constantly busy with something - both at the checkout, and the goods are placed, and the car is unloaded, and they are engaged in packing - vegetables, fruits, herbs. And when they frankly do not cope, the owner calls any passer-by from the street who agrees to unload a small bribe and put them on the shelves. Even such applications exist. Which is much more profitable than keeping a permanent loader or an "extra" seller.
And such an order is gradually being established at all enterprises - an order that completely erodes the concept of a work collective capable of rallying and resisting a greedy owner. Now none of the owners is proud of their veterans. Nobody wants people who work for 20-30-40 years in one place. We recruited for the project, did it and goodbye! We don't know you anymore, but you are us.
This, Seryozha, is a new reality that divides people apart from competitive consciousness (yesterday you are my friend, and today you are a competitor in the struggle for a job). Also covid.
Thus, there are three components of disconnection:
Competitive Consciousness;
Work under a project contract;
Epidemic.
What have I missed?

[Korsar4]

Yes. Convincing correct wording. I presented it - I liked it.

[astra wild2]

Lyudmila Yakovlevna, that EP, that "New People", "Growth", they are all of the same berry field

[Alf]

Quote from Korsar4

Yet clarity - how good the day is - may come the next morning.

If today you are ashamed of yesterday, then the holiday was a success!

[Korsar4]

This is a classic, but not universal.

[Undecim]

But now mercenaries played an increasing role in the war - the units of which were called ecorshers (ecorcheurs - flayers) and, apparently, they deserved such a nickname with their behavior.

In the war, ecorcheurs did not play any role, for that was the name of the gangs consisting of unemployed mercenaries, who were disbanded at the end of hostilities, often without even paying their salaries. So they got lost in a kind of organized crime group, bringing terror to France during the time of Charles VII. They really robbed - to the bone, and often killed.
Philippe Contamine, La Guerre au Moyen Âge,

[sivuch]

In Soviet times, textbooks on the history of the Hundred Years War said a lot about the fact that the British were driven across the sea by the people, inspired by Joan of Arc. However, the existence of "popular resistance" against the British, according to both British and French historians, is still controversial.
You still remember Basovskaya, with her class approach. But, as far as can be judged, there was some kind of resistance in Normandy. And in Bordellois it was definitely, only not for the English king, but for the French one.

[Crowe]

The emergence of "free shooters"

Having dealt with the cavalry, Charles VII set about creating the infantry. At the exit, he planned to receive a large reserve of professional irregular infantrymen. Ordinances of 1445, 1448, 1451 and 1455 the so-called "free archers" or "frank-archers" were established. The kingdom was not able to maintain, in addition to the regular cavalry, also a permanent infantry, so their service was organized on different grounds:

“We command that in every parish of our kingdom there should be an archer, who will be there and constantly remain in equipment suitable and comfortable, from a salad, a dagi, a sword, a bow, a quiver, a jacq or a hook from a brigandine, and they will be called free archers ( les francs archers). ... And they will contain the aforementioned equipment and will shoot from a bow and walk in their equipment on all holidays and non-working days ... to serve us whenever we demand of them, and they will be paid four francs per person every month ... We command that they, and each of them, were free and owed nothing, and we exempt them from all taxes and any other obligations ...

In towns and villages, it was announced that a certain proportion of the male population (one person in one hundred fifty to eighty outbreaks) could be exempted from taxes in exchange for maintaining constant combat readiness. Thus, it was planned to deploy 8 thousand infantry in case of war and have an inexhaustible reserve in case of losses. In fact, it was a repetition of the beginnings of Charles V, who unsuccessfully tried to instill in France a culture of bowing. It was not only the grandfather who had to break off, but also the grandson. The cunning French burghers quickly realized that not paying taxes was very profitable, and wealthy merchants and wealthy landowners began to enroll in the ranks of "free archers". They somehow found a common language with recruiters, and as a result, crooked, oblique, hunchbacked, ancient old people and nursing babies were recorded in the royal army. They, of course, were not engaged in any archery. They perceived military training in about the same way as modern reservists - a picnic without wives, children and in the fresh air. The motivation of such soldiers in battle was near-zero, due to which the image of the "Free Archer from Bagnolet" appeared in French folklore - a would-be warrior and a boastful coward. The ineffectiveness of the event prompted Louis XI in 1480 to close the shop and hire normal pikemen.

[Crowe]

But now mercenaries played an increasingly large role in the war - the units of which were called ecorcheurs (ecorcheurs).

In 1439, at a royal council held in Orleans, Jacques Coeur took the floor. To fight the "flayers", he offered to personally finance the formation of a number of mercenary royal companies. The recruitment of these units was supposed to be very simple - offering salaries to the most skilled mercenaries, and from this point begins the story of what became known as the Ordonance Companies. Coeur was not a member of the nobility and even a nobleman. He was a financier - a big bourgeois bourgeois, a usurer, a merchant. On operations in the Levant, he amassed a large fortune, and the mother-in-law of Charles VII, Yolanda of Aragon, managed to establish contacts with this influential person in time and present him to the court.

It is Köra who, along with Charles VII, can be called the father of the regular army. The fact that such a role is claimed by a financier, and not a military leader is not surprising, since the creation of a permanent army is primarily a matter of state funds and the economic basis. The creation of ordinance companies was not only a military, but also a tax reform. And it just took an experienced person in financial matters to carry it out.

[Crowe]

the ordinance of 1445 became fundamental. He prepared in secrecy. The most loyal and capable captains were selected in advance for the fifteen Ordinance companies. It was already a completely new and unparalleled solution. The reform of the army began in 1439. The result of the royal council and the meeting of the States was the proclamation of the royal ordinance in 1439 (from the French "ordonnance" - "decree", but not "order"). According to it, the most combat-ready and loyal companies of mercenaries were consolidated in the border towns. They had to obey the king personally, and in return receive a salary. The rest of the mercenary detachments were subject to disbandment, including compulsory disbandment. By feudal standards, this was already an unheard-of manifestation of royal authoritarianism, but the States General, frightened by the "butchers", approved the document. In fact, he has not yet introduced anything new - it was a return to the beginnings of Charles V - the wise royal grandfather who almost won the Hundred Years War back in the 1370s. The company was a mixed unit with a total strength of six hundred people. Thus, the regular army consisted of 9 thousand soldiers (knights, archers and servants), later the number of companies would be increased to 20, and their staff to 12 thousand people. Not only the captains, but also the private personnel of the company took the oath to the king and obeyed him and no one else. They must carry out service constantly, without interruption, without leaving the location of the garrison. For this they were cured of a regular, strictly fixed salary. The salary was high, which made the royal service profitable and prestigious.

[Crowe]

In addition to establishing companies, the ordinance severely limited the rights of the nobility. From now on, they were forbidden to have their own mercenary detachments, on pain of confiscation of possessions to leave the country for unauthorized participation in conflicts abroad. Private wars were forbidden, the monopoly on the conduct of war remained only with the king.
The ordinance companies were supposed to include the best of the best mercenaries and their captains: Marshals of France André de Lozac and Philippe de Culan, associates of Jeanne d'Arc Poton de Sentrei, Olivier de Coetivy, Charles de Culan, new faces like Joachin Rouault and Tristan the Hermit and others. The position of company captain ensured a good military and political career. Gangs that were not part of the ordinance were subject to dissolution and persecution as mercenaries. They had to lay down their arms, return to a peaceful life and wait for their call to the rearban.

[Crowe]

The already rather mild conditions of the ordinance of 1439 caused reasonable fears among the highest French aristocracy, which resulted in Prageria (a failed revolt, which you can read about in Part XIII). And from the ordinance of 1445, all that was left was to gnash his teeth. The progressive public was also indignant, seeing in the creation of a regular royal army signs of an attack of tyranny on feudal liberalism and democracy:

“Since time immemorial, the French kingdom has maintained a traditional army of impressive size: it consisted of the nobility of the kingdom. Whenever the king demanded service from them, he collected from the nobility an army of more than 50000 horsemen, not counting the myriad of foot soldiers, whom he could recruit if necessary. The welfare of the state, it seems, is not such that, in addition to this ordinary army, to which the people contribute by taxes and traditional service, another mercenary army is recruited, which would be on a salary and receive the usual pay even in peacetime, when there is no threat of war .. And thus the French kingdom, once the land of nobility and freedom, under the pretext of the need to maintain this army on a royal salary, was plunged into the abyss of slavery, tribute and forced reprisals ... "

Bishop Thomas Bazin

In one respect, the Monk Bazin was right - the tax burden of maintaining the army was heavy.

In order not to shock the progressive public completely, the creation of ordinance companies was proclaimed a temporary measure taken while the enemies were threatening France. Enemies meant "flayers" and the British. Thus, a historical anecdote was born - the first regular army of Medieval Europe was not formally such. But, as we know, there is nothing more permanent than temporary. The Ordinance companies survived not only the victory in the Hundred Years War, but also existed for another 200 years, becoming one of the instruments for the formation of an absolute monarchy.

[Crowe]

Having received an acceptable result in the creation of "large" ordinance companies, Charles VII continued to develop the system. Since 1450, the so-called "small ordinance" companies appeared. They had fewer copies, which at the same time were themselves "inferior" - of four people. The purpose of such units was to serve in the garrisons, while their "big" relatives were seen as a striking force. The creation of such half-companies in time coincided with the beginning of the reconquest of Normandy, respectively, their purpose was to protect the borders and hold the conquered fortresses. The allowance paid to the "small ordinance" was significantly lower in comparison with the "big" brothers. For this reason, they, and also because of their low mobility, they received the name "soldiers on a dead pay."
Initially, the composition of the spear in the "minor ordinance" included four horsemen: a gendarme, two archers and pages. Due to the constant reduction in funding since 1452, the horses of the archers and the servants were abolished, respectively, there was no need to provide them with fodder. According to the established state, the following number of these companies was established: 150 copies in Normandy (from 1452) and 300 copies in Guyenne (from 1454), that is, in total, no more than 1800 people.

[Crowe]

Despite the fact that by medieval standards the Ordonance companies were a very, very impressive force, there was an understanding that they alone would not be enough to defeat the British. Therefore, a reform of the feudal militia was carried out. In the ordinance that has not survived to our time at the end of the 1440s. established new rules for calling the nobility to serve. From now on, the king called directly vassals vassals, for which the entire bureaucratic apparatus of local administrations was used. The conscription period also increased. To prevent the servicemen from looking into the forest, a salary was set for them during the campaign, similar in size to that used in ordinance companies: 10-15 livres per month for a gendarme and 5-7,5 livres for an archer. As before, those who came to the service had to have their own horse and equipment. If it turned out to be insufficient, then the nobleman, instead of the armored man, was identified in the arrows. At the same time, a well-armed nobleman without knightly dignity could become a gendarme, and a knight who did not have the necessary property was identified as an arrow.
The nobles were exempted from taxes, but they were obliged to serve. The payment due was very good money and now there was no end to those who wanted to lay down their heads for the king. The royal bailiffs and other officials were no less zealous, looking for deviators in the dark French corners. They turned out to be so zealous that by 1455 Karl said "pot, don't cook!" and limited the scope of the call.
The feudal militia continued to be of great importance in the last campaigns of the Hundred Years War, it would be a mistake to believe that the battles in Normandy and Guienne were won by the regular army alone. However, the military reforms carried out changed the core of the army, making it much more disciplined and professional.

 Show / Hide text

https://pikabu.ru/story/stoletnyaya_voyna_ordonansovyie_rotyi_7818428

[kalibr]

Great additions! But why didn’t you put them in the form of an article and submit them to VO? "Once again on the question of the modernization of the French army during the Hundred Years War." Sounds great.

[Fat]

Vyacheslav Olegovich. Aka Crow reposted excerpts of the article from Pikabu, which he reported by giving a link. Perhaps Crowe is the very same Dmitry Suveev. But the trick most likely would not have passed ... IMHO
With respect.

[kalibr]

You see what "simplicity" I am. Ah, it's not difficult to deceive me ... I thought it was himself ...

[Fat]

Come on, for you, Vyacheslav Olegovich, it’s almost unbelievable to write everything in an impromptu manner on the fly ...
... Uh-huh, simplicity

[Klio2]

"Tristan" The Hermit "I remember this in" Quentin Dorward "he was a royal provost? Quentin called him a" butcher ", and King Louis" saint "said:" his profession is akin to "

[astra wild2]

Yolanda of Aragon was a very intelligent lady. I read that she prototyped Jeanne d, Ark.

[depressant]

I fully admit that some gangs of "flayers", or "butchers", as they were also called, which, incidentally, is equivalent, went to the service of the king, with the ultimate goal not so much participation in hostilities, but a passing robbery of the client population. After all, the facts of non-payment of salaries due to the rapid emptying of the state treasury became very quickly known, and the loot at a cost often turned out to be much more than what was earned in the service of the king.
According to the ordinance of 1439 (that is, by decree, not by order), it was decided to create a regular army. But even a decree, and not an order, according to the concepts of that time, turned out to be a manifestation of authoritarianism on the part of the king for the nobility. Although the decree did not contain anything new and was just a return to the ideas of Charles V, who saw the need to create a regular army before anyone else. Nevertheless, despite the fear of the impending absolute monarchical power, the States General, even more frightened by the revelry of the "flayers", were forced to approve the ordinance of 1439. Which was only the first of the following - those that finally allowed to give the army a decent look, turning it from a bunch of independent gangs into a single whole.
It all started with the fact that the most efficient mercenary detachments, according to the ordinance of 1439, were fixed in the border towns.

[3x3zsave]

When describing the escors, it makes sense to mention some of the most famous adventurers of the time, d'Vignol and d'Centreille.
Thank you, Vyacheslav Olegovich!

[Richard]

d'Vignol, if I am not mistaken, is a colleague of Joan of Arc with a beautiful personal coat of arms, which is better known as La Hire? And a pratotype character for the Jack of Hearts playing card?

[Richard]

And, already one prayer attributed to him is worth something

Lord, do for La Hire what You would like La Hire to do for You, if You were La Hire and La Hire the Lord.

[3x3zsave]

That's right, Dmitry!

[3x3zsave]

I was interested in the last illustration. Depicting John the Good at the Battle of Poitiers, artists often "present" the king with an ax. It became interesting, is this a historical fact or an established delusion?

[kalibr]

Quote: 3x3zsave

I was interested in the last illustration. Depicting John the Good at the Battle of Poitiers, artists often "present" the king with an ax. It became interesting, is this a historical fact or an established delusion?

I do not know ...

[3x3zsave]

Well, the question was not addressed directly to you, Vyacheslav Olegovich ...
And in general, the absence of Mikhail is depressing!

[Trilobite Master]

Yes, here I am, Anton. Here people started talking about mysticism and politics, so I sit and keep my mouth shut.
Regarding the ax and King John the Good, there is evidence that at Poitiers he fought with the ax.
For example, Froissart:

To tell the truth, this battle, which took place near Poitiers, in the fields of Beauvoir and Maupertuis, was very bloody and perilous. Many glorious military deeds, unheard of, were accomplished, and the soldiers of both sides suffered greatly. King John himself performed miracles. He was armed with an ax, which he fought and defended himself with.

[3x3zsave]

Thank you Michael!
But I am now confused by a miniature from the same Froissard

[Trilobite Master]

And this definitely refers to Poitiers? It can be seen that the king, it can be seen that France, it can be seen that he is fighting the British. But there is no ax, no Prince Philip nearby ... Maybe it's not John, but, for example, Philip VI at Crécy? He seemed to be wounded there ...
In any case, I trust the text more than the miniatures. They, of course, can give a certain idea of ​​the outfits and weapons of the era to which the author of the drawing belonged, but I do not think that they can be required to be literal. Still, not photographs.

[3x3zsave]

Yes, God knows ... Vicki says yes. now I will try to rummage through the site with thumbnails. On the other hand, multiple copying of the Chronicle could lead to errors.

[Trilobite Master]

Typically, illustrators try to match the texts exactly - to the best of their subjective ideas, of course, so there is no need to expect strict historical accuracy from them. Froissard describes in detail the capture of John the Good, and this miniature does not in any way correspond to the circumstances described.
By the way, isn't there a horse killed under the feet of the king? If the horse, then most likely it is Philip VI, since under Kersey a horse was killed under him. In any case, according to Fruassard.

[3x3zsave]

No, it's not a horse. By the way, about the miniatures, I remembered the recent controversy with VikNik about the place of Marigny's execution.

[Trilobite Master]

Quote: 3x3zsave

remembered the recent controversy

I was not present ... And what are the significant differences? It seemed to me that everything was very clear there ... Montfaucon gallows, no?

[3x3zsave]

The whole joke is that the miniature from the Chronicles of Saint Denis refutes this

Although here one cannot be completely sure, for Favier, in his research, cites eyewitness testimony that Angerrand was not dressed in underwear on the day of the execution.

[Trilobite Master]

Well, such subtleties are unknown to me.
However, I have already indicated my position on the miniatures. I suppose the author of the picture just read the text of the chronicle and drew the picture that appeared in his imagination. Historical research, such as reconciliation of various sources, etc. the artist is unlikely to have done. Moreover, it is unlikely that he had the opportunity to interview eyewitnesses, or was himself such. It is necessary to look at exactly how the execution is described in the chronicle - literally - and when exactly the illustration was created. Most likely, the drawing fully corresponds to the text, and the artist simply thought of the details that were not described in the chronicle.
So the illustrations should be treated with a very high degree of criticality. If pictures contradict textual sources, I tend to trust the text rather than the picture.

[3x3zsave]

Well, such subtleties are unknown to me.
Subtleties, of course, but interesting!

[Trilobite Master]

Undoubtedly. I find this special charm - to understand such little things.

[3x3zsave]

I find this special charm - to understand such trifles.
Exactly! Why else should you be interested in history? I spent half of last weekend studying the architecture of medieval Paris. Now I can confidently walk from the Tower of Nels to Montfaucon, if in the Marais quarter they do not accidentally beat me down.

[Trilobite Master]

Novgorod is closer to me. I try to imagine what he looked like eight centuries ago. So far, a solid, three-dimensional picture has not been obtained. If there is a certain clarity with the width of the streets, then with the height of the towers and fences, as well as the number and purpose of outbuildings in estates, it is more difficult. Did they keep livestock directly in the city itself, what kind of cattle, etc. In short, there are many questions.
If cows and horses were kept directly in the estates, it means that the cows were driven out to pastures in the morning, which should have been located literally just outside the city building, which means that in the morning, when they were driven out, there was no way to drive through the streets ... In short, there are a lot of interesting things .. ...

[3x3zsave]

If cows and horses were kept directly in the estates, then the cows were driven out to pastures in the morning,
They could not drive them out, they simply cut fresh grass and brought them into the city. For example like this

[3x3zsave]

and when exactly the illustration was created.
The creation of this particular dates back to "after 1380" But apparently until the middle of the XNUMXth century, because the art school had already changed there.

[astra wild2]

Colleague, Mikhail. It was beautiful, but it took centuries to get the photo.

[Trilobite Master]

Admire it, Vera. Great images.
https://sergeyurich.livejournal.com/573294.html

[astra wild2]

I'll try to search

[3x3zsave]

https://manuscriptminiatures.com/
Take an interest, Mikhail. Shpakovsky recommended this resource to me.

[3x3zsave]

Interested in the source of the quote ... Anikeev?

[Trilobite Master]

Quote: 3x3zsave

source of the quote

No, oddly enough, not Anikeev.
Text from here
http://www.vostlit.info/haupt-Dateien/index-Dateien/F.phtml?id=2061
The author of the text is D. N. Rakov, as far as I understand, from St. Petersburg State University

[3x3zsave]

Anikeev is also from St. Petersburg, in fact, it turns out one academic get-together. In addition, as far as I understand, no one except Anikeev Froissard translated into Russian, and then only the Amiens and Roman manuscripts.

[Trilobite Master]

Here, apparently, they translated, since there is a translation.
It was Anikeev's translation that I downloaded, but I still haven't read it - it is in my computer and is waiting for me to be honored.
And this link, which I gave, I found on Wiki in an article about Froissard.

[kalibr]

Quote: 3x3zsave

And in general, the absence of Mikhail is depressing!

And I wanted to please him: he asked for an article about Jeanne d'Arc and she is ready and already posted for moderation ...

[3x3zsave]

It's great! Thank you!

[Trilobite Master]

Thank you, Vyacheslav Olegovich.
Zhanna is always interesting and never boring. Still, a unique character for medieval history.

[Klio2]

Good health to all. Finally she entered, but the phone did not show: "history".
I registered through Yandex by appointment, but it is not as convenient as Google.
I tried it through Google, but it doesn't recognize me.
I don't want to register again.

[Klio2]

Vyacheslav Olegovich, there were dukes in France, the younger line of Valois or After Henry 4

[astra wild2]

Historian, Henry IV was a Bourbon, why didn't she?

[astra wild2]

Vyacheslav Olegovich, colleagues, good afternoon. All the same, local moderators or editors, LODARI: yesterday they put Valery and Vyacheslav Olegovich next to each other, and today 2 Vyacheslav Olegovich. What will be tomorrow I'm afraid that boredom

[3x3zsave]

In this miniature, an equestrian warrior uses an infantryman's weapon - felchen (falchion), and the sword has always been a knight's weapon!
It is difficult to say what the author of the miniature was guided by, but judging by the prevalence of falchions on one of the opposing sides, perhaps he was thus trying to designate the Persians

[Trilobite Master]

Quote: 3x3zsave

It's hard to say what the author of the miniature was guided by

Golden words!
But I think the Persians have nothing to do with it. Falchions were a very popular weapon in Europe - simple, affordable and convenient. The sword is an expensive and strict weapon, effective only in skillful hands. In order to effectively use the falchion, only physical strength was needed - it is difficult to produce any complex evolutions with such a weapon, but it is quite right to beat the armor in a junkyard.
I am personally surprised that the riders are armed with falchions. It seemed to me that this is an infantryman's weapon.

[Klingon]

Quote: Sea Cat

Good morning, Luda.
And the rug in the household is a useful thing.

Also not quite the right picture. There should be bangs on airplane carpets

[Cat]

The motivation to enroll in the franc archers was very different. Most of the soldiers went to serve either for money or for war booty

Gee, about the motivation: after a while, it was surprisingly discovered that there are anomalously many merchants in the franc-archers, since the status exempted from taxes.