Armor for combat

Siege of Obenton (1340). Miniature from Jean Froissard's Chronicle. Copy from Bruges, Belgium, circa 1470-1475 National Library of France, Paris. Well, just a very interesting miniature, isn't it? The besieged throw benches, stools, stones and pitchers on the heads of the besiegers, and shoot them with crossbows. The besiegers rolled up a double-barreled cannon to the wall and shoot at the defenders from bows and powerful crossbows with an "English gate". One of the crossbowmen in the foreground has full plate foot cover, but the rest of the shooters have knee pads at best. For many, the protection of the torso is covered with fabric, that is, it is clearly either a jacque or a brigandine. Heavily armed infantry at arms wait in line to attack the enemy. Some of them have already entered into battle with the defenders of the barbican, who opened the gates and rushed to the sortie. Note that everyone has helmets on their heads ...

Saul dressed David in his own armor.
He put chain mail on him
and put a bronze helmet on his head.
17 Samuel 38:XNUMX

Military story countries and peoples. To begin with, I read the comments to one of the previous materials and noticed that one of the readers wrote that he was tired of ceremonial armor and wanted about combat ... and about those who used them. The latter is a separate and very complex topic. Regarding the first wish, we can say that it was precisely in that material that the ceremonial armor was not there! Which is easy to establish by the presence of either a lance hook on the cuirass, or holes for fastening it. They did not put it on the front ones. Why carry an extra load on yourself? And the fact that armor over time began to be richly decorated, and even military, let it not surprise anyone. To know and to know in order to emphasize with all his might his superiority over commoners.

Here, for example, is a fairly richly decorated equestrian set from the Army Museum in Paris. Is it combat or ceremonial? Take a closer look: a spear hook is visible under the shoulder pad, and if so, then it is certainly a combat one. Photo by the author

Everything is mixed in this exposition: in the center - tournament armor, but on the right - obviously the armor of the "Tudor era", which belonged either to the cuirassier or to the reitar, and with an "anima" cuirass, that is, it is somewhere in 1570! And since there are no holes for a lance hook on the cuirass, it is obvious that the main weapons pistols served him. Army Museum. Photo by the author

And here is another cuirass of the same type and time, but there are holes for a lance hook on it. And since it is decorated with a golden notch, it means this one thing that someone who commanded a detachment of horse spearmen wore it. And it is quite possible that he also had a pistol in a holster, to the left of the saddle, but his main weapon was still a spear! Army Museum. Photo by the author

Well, let's look at the tournament armor of 1560. And they look so that it is possible to determine when they are made only by ... a plate glove on the right hand. Just like this, and it was at this time that riders-pistoliers began to use, well, all previous samples immediately went out of fashion! Army Museum. Photo by the author

And now let's remember what has been written here on the pages of VO more than once: armor XIV is a rarity. Armor XIII is an even greater rarity, and even further into the depths of the centuries, the finds of armor that museums can boast of can be counted on one hand - they simply have not survived!

Also, the knight's armor was expensive. And therefore they were more often preserved. In the same castles. As a memory and as interior details. The infantryman's armor was lighter, simpler and cheaper. And where would he keep them, even if he became their master? I would sell it right there, of course. And I would go to war - I got new ones!

In one of the documents, for example, we read that in 1372 a certain Liber Borrein - a fairly wealthy militia from modern Belgium - went to fight in a chain mail shirt with a collar and a mantle, in a bascinet with a visor and an aventail, having plate mittens, as well as bracers and hard leather leggings. However, this was clearly not a peasant, but a burgher. This was within his means!

Around the same time, crossbowmen, who were usually recruited into the same French army in Provence, and pavezier shield-bearers could have a helmet - a servillera or a bascinet, as well as a lamellar shell (plates), often supplemented by a "gipponus" or even a small chain mail (pansiere). Faudes (faudes), and poacher's plate shoulder pads (braconniére), or a chain collar could be attached to the chain mail. But only a few had combat mittens (gantelets, ghants) or leather mittens (manicae), or wrists (brasales) to protect the hands and forearms.

Well, the weapon of the French crossbowman was a crossbow, a relatively light sword (ensis), and they were covered with light shields (eusis or spato), and a dagger (couteau), some of them were covered with small shields (bloquerium).

Pavezier - a warrior with a pavese shield, was armed with a spear and a dagger or mantlet. Only a very few had a sword. The Provencal light infantryman "brigand" had a servilier helmet, bascinet or a brimmed chapel, and the few who had armor wore a jacque (a quilted jacket lined with metal or bone plates) or chain mail. They did not have shields, since they performed the functions of foot skirmishers in the troops.

This is approximately what a soldier looks like in all this equipment. And not an equestrian warrior, but an infantryman! Army Museum. Photo by the author

Weapons and armor were produced on the stream, in particular by the large arms manufactory at Clos de Galle in Rouen. So, in 1376, in only one arsenal in Chaumbre de la Reine, up to a thousand sets of battle armor were stored, although their description said that they were outdated and of poor quality.

Eight later, the king of France made an order for the manufacture of bascinets, boucliers, bracelets, bras de plate, chapeau de fer, quilted cottes, cuissots, heraldic shields (ecus), patches écussons, mittens (gantelots), bracers (garde-brass), plate collars (gorgerettes, gorgiéres), shells (harnois), shortened chain mail (haubergiers), large helmets (heaumes), aketons, jackets , paveses, plates and targes. Each set of armor weighed at least 25 pounds (about 6 kg), and each bascinet weighed at least 4 pounds (over 1,6 kg).

Another order, received in 1384, for 17 gold francs, was for the production of 200 crossbow arrows, the repair of armor, horse harness and artillery.

Some armor makers and arms dealers have made deals with colleagues overseas. Such a deal was concluded in 1375 by the craftsmen Guitard de Ginqueres from Bordeaux and Lambert Braque from Germany. They agreed to cooperate in the delivery of 60 bascinets and shells to the castle of the Comte de Foix in Morlas. The most detailed evidence of this deal comes from the archives of Datini, a merchant from Prato (Italy) who was a key figure in the arms trade in Avignon at the end of the XNUMXth century. Here weapons and armor were sold and resold both wholesale and retail, and the same trader sold both ours and yours, and this did not surprise or outrage anyone at all, although it was still very far from "damned capitalism".

And, of course, chain mail was still in use, as evidenced by the same exhibits from the Wallace Collection.

For example, a chain mail from Augsburg, Germany, dating from the end of the XIV - the beginning of the 73,7th century, that is, it is an artifact of great rarity and value. The length is 1,11 cm. The diameter of her rings is 4 cm, and the weight is 479 kg. The Wallace Collection. London

Note that, contrary to popular belief, chain mail was never replaced with plate armor. Chain mail was worn not only by knights in armor, but also by archers, gunners and infantry of a lower rank. Thus, good chain mail could be inherited from its original owner, passed from hand to hand many times, and continued to be worn as long as it was considered useful.

One of the many reasons why chain mail was so widely used for such a long period (in Europe, more than 2000 years, from about the XNUMXrd century BC to the XNUMXth century AD), was that the chain mail could be easily repaired, restored or remodel. Even if it was badly torn, the damage could be quickly repaired and then reused.

Second-hand chain mail remained in use for a century or more, after which it was usually cut into separate chain mail sleeves and "skirts" (commonly called "paunces"), which were then worn with full plate armor. For this reason, apart from old age, full chain mail shirts from the early period are extremely rare today.

Chain mail of the mid-71,1th century. Length: 0,991 cm. Diameter of rings: 9,015 cm. Weight: XNUMX kg. The Wallace Collection. London

It is almost certain that this specimen at one time had sleeves either to the elbow or to the wrist. But at the end of the XNUMXth century, full chain mail shirts became more and more obsolete, and many of the old chain mail had their sleeves cut off. But the chainmail sleeves themselves were worn with full plate armor throughout the XNUMXth and even the XNUMXth centuries. The lamellar armor itself had by this time become thick enough to render the chain mail behind it obsolete, but chain mail was still required to close the "slits" in the armor in the armpits and on the inside of the elbows. Moreover, it did not add a lot of excess weight!

It should be remembered that, contrary to popular modern misconceptions, armor manufacturers and wearers were more than aware of the need to avoid excessive weight that would tire the warrior wearing them or affect his mobility.

Chain mail of the 63,5th century with copper edging. Low carbon steel and copper alloy. Length: 0,506 cm. Diameter of rings: 7,966 cm. Weight: 5 kg. It is important to note that this shirt appears to be composed of pieces of other chain mail, using very small rings, less than XNUMX mm in outer diameter. The conclusion that the chain mail is made from scrap materials is made on the basis of the quality of the rings. They are different in different parts of it, although the diameter is the same. In a uniform chain mail shirt, this would not have happened. Thin chain mail was then used not only for military purposes, but also (especially during the Renaissance) for duels, and as protection against secret attacks. Such "secret" armor could be easily covered with cloth or simply worn under other clothes, which made it difficult to see that a person was wearing armor. On the other hand, some daring duelists, especially in Italy, openly wore chain mail, opposing themselves to society - "and we are!" The Wallace Collection. London

The head was also covered with chain mail.

Here is a chainmail headpiece from the 0,624th or 0,59th century. Diameter: XNUMX cm.Weight: XNUMX kg. The Wallace Collection. London

Used, and very widely, chain mail collars, often with double weaving. This was often the only defense for both the infantryman and the horseman.

Chain collar-mantle of the 0,85th century. Iron or steel and copper alloy. Weight: XNUMX kg. The Wallace Collection. London

And this is how the same individual sleeves looked like that were worn under the all-metal "white armor" (and not only white). XV – XVI century. Copper alloy. Length: 90 cm.Diameter: 0,549 cm.Weight: 1,94 kg

In the XIX century in many European museums were made ... replicas of the rarest ancient armor. If only, as they say, “show them to the most respectable public”! Today it is also an interesting artifact. These chain mail pants, for example, are made of wire with a diameter of 0,086 cm, the diameter of the rings is 1,06 cm, and their weight is 6,44 kg. The Wallace Collection. London

Chain-mail cape, called the "mantle of the bishop". Germany. XVI century. Size: 68,5 cm, front. Rings diameter: 0,75 cm.Weight: 4,426 kg. This cape did not have sleeves, but it was simple to manufacture. They were worn by both infantrymen and horsemen of light cavalry, for example, the French Huguenots and petty German princes. The Wallace Collection. London

French crossbowman during the Hundred Years War. On the head of the chaplain, the torso protects the brigandine, lined with metal plates. Nearby is a small shield for self-defense. Army Museum. Photo by the author

Well, and about other accessories of "equipment for combat" of those distant years, we will tell here next time ...

To be continued ...

Comments

[Korsar4]

Rarely will you begin to use a thing for more than a hundred years, But everyone wants to live.

[The leader of the Redskins]

Greetings. But I'm thinking - how popular the current tinsmiths would be in those days!))

Now at low tide, but you won't earn much in chimneys, but then - put the uniform "on the conveyor" and wait for orders for the army!)))
And traditional thanks to Vyacheslav Olegovich for the interesting reading!))

[kalibr]

Quote: Leader of the Redskins

put the uniform "on the conveyor" and wait for orders for the army!)))

Henry 8 ordered 3000 low-quality armor at a time in Antwerp alone, but how many did the same Maximilian, Henry 2, Karl 5 order? One can imagine how many blacksmiths, polishers, embossers, goldsmiths worked throughout Europe, who forged, minted, polished, gilded all this ... and harness ... As it is now full of workshops - "Camber, wheels", so it was then.

[The leader of the Redskins]

So I say - is it more profitable than planting wheat and thinking - is the harvest not a harvest? There have always been wars. And if the peasant was simply taken away, then they themselves went to a good blacksmith and "bowed")))

[Lynx2000]

Quote: Leader of the Redskins

But I'm thinking - how popular the current tinsmiths would be in those days!))

Now at low tide, but you won't earn much in chimneys, but then - put the uniform "on the conveyor" and wait for orders for the army!)))

What is stopping now ?! The legacy of the past - the chainmail gloves of the present:

I am now interested in the real protective properties of such a headset:

Approximately 14 - 15 centuries.

[Van 16]

In some book I came across that it is convenient to open oysters in a chainmail glove, or rather safe. I don’t know, I haven’t tried it, neither oysters nor open

[Lynx2000]

And today, in such gloves, they are engaged in deboning meat or filleting fish at fish processing enterprises.

[mihaylov]

Quote: Lynx2000

And today, in such gloves, they are engaged in deboning meat or filleting fish at fish processing enterprises.

They also use chain mail aprons:

[Krasnodar]

Quote: Van 16

In some book I came across that it is convenient to open oysters in a chainmail glove, or rather safe. I don’t know, I haven’t tried it, neither oysters nor open

These are put on one hand - in Frankfurt on the Main on Goethe Street in the spring, aunts stood at stalls with oysters, on one hand a chain mail glove, and in the other a sharp knife

[Moore]

I saw guys in Cuba diving for lobsters in such a glove and with a hook on the handle ...

[Krasnodar]

I'm now interested in the real protective properties of such a headset.

Are they attacking?

[Lynx2000]

Wife threatens !!! I was late at work for a long time, since May. I am in Kamchatka, she and her family are in Siberia.

[Krasnodar]

Wow. Then full armor is better)),

[ANB]

... I am in Kamchatka, she and her family are in Siberia. what

I suppose you don't get out of Paratunka, but your wife is jealous. :)

[Lynx2000]

If we are busy with iron, we are preparing the steamer for inspection.
I promised we’ll finish it by July, I’ll fly. She has everything "concrete", promised - do it!
She likes Esso better.

[ANB]

... She likes Esso better

Esso is yes. It's not just cool, it's very cool. But far away. I was there only once. And you can get to Paratunka by minibus. Already on the weekend you can hit the road. And to work with fresh forces.

[the finish]

Such gloves are in the hands of butcher deboners now.

[alekseykabanets]

Quote: Lynx2000

Legacy of the past - chainmail gloves of the present:

Perfectly protect hands from cuts during boning, but poorly protect against punctures, using the same boning knife. Always put on a regular construction glove, otherwise it is extremely uncomfortable.

Quote: Lynx2000

I am now interested in the real protective properties of such a headset:

I believe that it all depends on the thickness of the fabric that is under the sim headset.

[Korsar4]

Demand - yes.

But intuition suggests that "The Life of a Medieval Tinsmith" is filled with not only bright colors.

[3x3zsave]

"The Life of a Medieval Tinsmith"
A good title for the article.

[mihaylov]

Quote: 3x3zsave

"The Life of a Medieval Tinsmith"
A good title for the article.

Your idea, Anton, gave me the idea of ​​a series of articles "of the opposite nature":
"The Life of a Modern Zhippon"
"The life of a modern brigantine"
"The Life of a Modern Chaplain"
"The Life of a Modern Bakler"
"The Life of a Modern Gorget"
"The life of a modern hoarder"

[3x3zsave]

And vice versa:
"The Life of a Medieval Tire Changer"

[mihaylov]

Quote: 3x3zsave

"The Life of a Medieval Tire Changer"

"The Life of a Medieval Thorn Maker"

[Catfish]

Modern life is even more entertaining.

[knot master]

There have been channels on YouTube for a long time.

[3x3zsave]

Colleague, what are you talking about?

[Korsar4]

And for everyone - a brand store.

[Catfish]

"You will grow up to a hundred years without old age" (c)
And to the distinguished author too.

[Pane Kohanku]

You will grow up to a hundred years without old age

I agree, Uncle Kostya! How Valera!

[Catfish]

That's how Valera is not necessary. Look at the photo: flirtatious old woman, ugh.

[Pane Kohanku]

flirtatious old woman, ugh.

You also need to be able to flirt. In general, you know, it seems to me that out of many of our "civilian awardees" - Valera deserves the order ...

[Catfish]

Yeah, you also offer to reward this, like him, "tick-tock". Also a "cultural heritage" for the flock.

[Pane Kohanku]

Yeah, you also offer to reward this, like him, "tick-tock". Also a "cultural heritage" for the flock.

I'm talking about this! Compare the then, still Soviet, stage - and the squalor that is now. And they are ... they are also awarded!

[Edward Vashchenko]

Yes, the line between ceremonial, combat and tournament armor is often blurred.
It's one thing, kings who could afford a huge variety of armor, like a modern star rapper's car park.
Ordinary soldiers are another matter.

[Catfish]

Edward , there is probably no need to compare the kings (although they were all very different), with something nothing and nothing that is called a rapper. The kings are still offended.

[Korsar4]

Among the kings, there were also enough unsympathetic ones.

Not to mention the usurpers.

[Catfish]

As I say, they "were very different."

I will not develop the topic about usurpers - it's dumb.

[Van 16]

I read in my head and for some reason the song of Vladimir Semyonovich sounded: "The castle has been torn down by time
and wrapped up, covered in a delicate blanket of green shoots,
But the silent granite will untie the tongue - and the cold past will speak of campaigns, battles and victories "

[kalibr]

Yes, Ivan and this will be a good epigraph to one of the future articles "about the castle". Bull's-eye!

[SERGE ANT]

The knight of Chaos has a tournament today,
And after the tournament - a solemn feast!
He will fight the dragon bolder
For the honor of her noblest lady!

- But where is the armor, I can't find it,
Where did I drop them last year?
Where is the valiant sword? Where is the visor and helmet?
Where I put them, I don't remember at all!

Thanks for the article and photos, we look forward to continuing!

[Catfish]

The Chaos Knight was probably not familiar with the "Chaos Theory", from this and all the misfortunes.

[Krasnodar]

Quote: Sea Cat

The Chaos Knight was probably not familiar with the "Chaos Theory", from this and all the misfortunes.

Rather, the character of Zelazny
Greetings, Constantine!

[Catfish]

Hi Albert!

Here I have not read Zhelezny, somehow it did not work out, as soon as I see women on dragons in his illustrations, the hunt immediately disappears. Although it would seem ...

[Krasnodar]

Quote: Sea Cat

Hi Albert!

Here I have not read Zhelezny, somehow it did not work out, as soon as I see women on dragons in his illustrations, the hunt immediately disappears. Although it would seem ...

The Chronicles of Amber, I recommend))

[Catfish]

I'll try it by mouth, one of the last, maybe it will slip through.

[Krasnodar]

You should like - witty dives before a fight, fights with swords and rapiers, strategy tactics, campaigns, battles and girls. And most importantly, all in different dimensions

[Catfish]

Girls in different dimensions - it sounds! I'm ready to attend.

[Krasnodar]

And the same - but in different dimensions

[Catfish]

No, the same ones are already boring, the soul requires a holiday in the form of variety. And more wine, and you can without bread.

[Krasnodar]

Don't worry, there are enough of them)).
And one is even a transformer

[Catfish]

And one is even a transformer

Is it really a hermaphrodite?

[Krasnodar]

Worse. Demoness. From a dark brown-haired woman with a square she turns into a creature with scales and membranes. This is her appearance at the court of Chaos. ))
Time flows there faster than in other dimensions, so if you didn't protect yourself with the transformer, after a year and a half you get a completely adult son on your neck with education, upbringing and even a bunch of military skills

[Catfish]

Well, take her to the bathhouse, I'm used to communicating with normal women, although the "particle of the devil" is certainly present in them, if it is not there, then a chicken, but the chicken is immediately noticeable.

[Krasnodar]

No, the communication took place in a normal format
And then, as always, it turned out ...

[Catfish]

It is impossible to drive a real Woman into any format!

[Krasnodar]

Who said that someone was driving her? Such is born

[Catfish]

Damn you there will understand in your "narnia", I definitely can't go without a machine gun.

[Pane Kohanku]

Damn you there will understand in your "narnia", I definitely can't go without a machine gun.

In Thailand, too, do not poke your nose, out of harm's way. And then with red wine you will meet a local fairy, and her ... Well, you understand - you will sober up instantly!

[Catfish]

Ha, but you always stick the blue Leonty here, and the Thai people are no longer allowed.

[Pane Kohanku]

You stick Leonty, but the Thai people can't.

Leonty is our cultural heritage! And the product is piecemeal. However, Thai "little men" are also theirs "property". Just a massively popular product ... I meant, I wish us all at Valera's age to be more cheerful than him!

[Catfish]

I have such a property ... What the hell is culture, cheap tabloid chanson.

[Fat]

Konstantin. Are you kidding me? "The Chronicles of Amber" is not included? Is it because of the illustrations only? At the moment, this is the most classic fantasy to eat ... "Prince of Light", "Jack from the Shadows" and much more ...

[3x3zsave]

Andrew!
By the way, they didn’t visit me either. The only thing that Zelazny read voraciously - "Night in a single October"

[Fat]

"Night in a lonely October". Roger Zelazny's latest novel. Nominated for the 1994 Nebula Prize. Unfortunately, it is not in my paper collection. The novel "The Prince of Light" really kicked me in.
Also laureate of Nebula 1967 and Hugo 1968 ...

[Catfish]

Well, you guys have almost convinced me, so I'll take it and read it. I trust you.

[Korsar4]

And I liked The Chronicles of Amber. Again, on a tip from the eldest daughter.

[Catfish]

My daughter will not advise bad things, according to my own judgment.

[3x3zsave]

The funny thing is that in all world literature, only three plots are exploited (although some researchers count five, but these are renegades! ). Subtlety - in the presentation of information!

[Korsar4]

We discussed this quite recently. Borges was remembered.

[3x3zsave]

But this we discussed with you, for someone it can be a revelation ...

[kalibr]

It has already been written and is waiting in line.

[Okolotochny]

There were such songs in the film about Ivanhoe Vysotsky.

[Darkness]

Good article. Olegovich pleased with the morning. Thank you for your work, I would like to have something new and tasty more often, otherwise there are no more readable authors on the resource - Ryzhov has disappeared somewhere, and the rest are not worth a good word, with rare exceptions.

[kalibr]

Quote: Dunkelheit

I would like more often a new, tasty

Well, this is not for me. And to the administration. And then you, too, would be tired of reading the same author all the time. We must give others to live as well.

[Catfish]

You, too, would be tired of reading the same author all the time.

And here, Vyacheslav, you are fundamentally wrong, I, for example, swim in armor (I said well, yes?), But it is still interesting to read, and there will be comments on the case here without me.
As for -

We must give others to live as well.

- then someone else had to be tapped in the cradle, such is the harsh truth of life.
Now the burning question: when will there be a new one about the trunks?

[SERGE ANT]

Do not shoot the pianists: they play as they can. Since no one wants to write (like Richard the same or others) does not want to, then the holy place is never empty, so the authors come, comments on whose works are much more interesting to read. About the trunks is always interesting, I would love to read both articles and comments to them ..

[Catfish]

All true.

Well, okay, Rich doesn't want to write, I'm lazy too, but how are you, no desire?

[SERGE ANT]

No, it takes a lot of time and perseverance, which I don’t have. Especially the last. And memory often fails: I can refer to something interesting (in my, of course, a modest and subjective view) to forget to share, for which it was just how- It’s not so scary in the comments, but an article for such a respected resource as "VO" is a completely different matter. So no, sign me up in your regiment of shy idlers - we will read it.

[Catfish]

Well, the fact that our regiment arrived with your arrival, I immediately understood.

[Fat]

I could have written, I have enough time, I even tried it, but it turned out that I had "the correct spelling is lame, no it is, but it is lame" (c)
Still, it is necessary to have above average abilities or experience to write a decent, interesting (author's) article correctly. So, having a huge accumulated material, you begin to get lost even among your own considerations in attempts to bring "all this rubbish" into a system ... Much knowledge - a lot of sorrow

[Catfish]

Andrei , remember the immortal from Lavrenty Palych: "Attempt is not torture, comrade Zhyukov."

[Fat]

Well, I'm training, only the cubes are not added to the palace in any way. Everything crumbles as you add "graceful details" ...
Maybe it will work, then, later

[Catfish]

Well, so I wish you success, and not only me.

[vladcub]

In a similar situation

[kalibr]

Quote: Sea Cat

when will there be a new one about the trunks?

Soon! Through 4 materials starting from this one.

[Catfish]

Good news, the main thing for me is not to oversleep. Got insomnia ...

[mihaylov]

Quote: Sea Cat

I, for example, swim in armor

Thought deeply, imagining swimming in armor!
I heard about the hoplitodrome, but not about swimming.
At first I thought that everyone has their own hobby, then I reread it and understood everything.
Greetings Konstantin!

[Catfish]

Hello, Sergey!
Actually, it is possible, they only walk under water, do not swim.

[mihaylov]

Quote: Sea Cat

Actually, it is possible, they only walk under water, do not swim.

There was such a lecture about combat swimmers on dolphins in Ancient Greece (April Fool's joke):

[Catfish]

Yes, of course, it is impossible to talk about it seriously. Battle dolphins were in the USSR Navy, I saw them myself in Sevastopol, but it’s nonsense for underwater saboteurs to ride on them, I knew these guys, though I didn’t dare to dive into the dolphin’s enclosure.

[mihaylov]

Quote: Sea Cat

Yes, of course, it is impossible to talk about it seriously.

The guys joked by April 1: they did their best - they recorded the whole lecture.

I saw them myself in Sevastopol

Is it in Balaklava?

[Catfish]

No, they were based on the Konstantinovsky Ravelin and on the pier near it, there the nets were lowered blocking the exit for the dolphins, two of their boats stood with sheathed rocket-propelled bombs. I, of course, was not in this post, but in their training "dolphin hut" we were on a visit, climbed through a blank fence and back in the same way. There I saw the case from an underwater pistol for the first time, the guys gave it to me (!), And our ballistics specialists from the All-Russian Research Institute of Forensic Expertise literally ripped it out "with meat", because they also saw it for the first time, here they are secrets in the USSR.

[mihaylov]

Quote: Sea Cat

they were based on the Konstantinovsky Ravelin and on the pier near it

Just a few years ago I was in Balaklava: there is such a gloomy concrete building - the guide said that combat dolphins were being trained here, but these will "lie - they will not take it dearly"

[Catfish]

That "dolphin hut, in which they were, did not look gloomy and it was near one of the bays of Sevastopol proper. Maybe there was something in Balaklava, I did not hear, but I doubt something, there was a submarine base there for a long time and too active movement in the water area of ​​a relatively small bay.

[Korsar4]

New Atlantis?

[Catfish]

Atlanteans, you see, not only the sky is held on "stone shoulders".

[Korsar4]

The main thing is that the "New Atlantes", similar to the "New Amazons", do not appear.

[Catfish]

But don't let them talk to the Amazons, but we are somehow the old fashioned way.

[Pane Kohanku]

I swim in armor (well said, huh?)

Have you mastered the Japanese samurai art of suieijutsu - swimming in armor?

[Catfish]

As for swimming, the samurai trained well with Midway.

Another hour and a full blast ...

[bubalik]

mastered the Japanese samurai art

,,, Nikolay, I hope no offense ?.

[Pane Kohanku]

,,, Nikolay, I hope no offense ?.

With a friendly laugh!

[3x3zsave]

Interested in the closed holes on the left side of the cuirass, what were they intended for?

More than once I have heard the opinion that it is very difficult to photograph in the Paris Army Museum.
Thank you, Vyacheslav Olegovich!

[SERGE ANT]

On the left side of the cuirass, holes were made or a metal ring was attached to pass the hemp rope, which served to attach the tournament shield.

 Show / Hide text

https://ageiron.ru/epoha-ryitsarey/evropeyskoe-turnirnoe-vooruzhenie

[3x3zsave]

Supposed something similar. Thanks for the clarification!

[Catfish]

And these shields! And not to count, like Pedrov in Brazil.

[mihaylov]

Quote: Sea Cat

And these shields! And don't count like Pedrov in Brazil

And don't say - the true truth:

[Catfish]

Hmmm ... and where is it so fun?

[mihaylov]

Quote: Sea Cat

Hmmm ... and where is it so fun?

I suppose in medieval Genoa

[Catfish]

Anyway, something reminded me of something very familiar, and the color is red on the topic ...

[mihaylov]

Quote: Sea Cat

Anyway, something reminded me of something very familiar, and the color is red on the topic ...

Here's another - do you recognize the logo? this is from the Sforza castle in Milan:

[Catfish]

No, I won't say for sure. Not Alfa Romeo?

[mihaylov]

Quote: Sea Cat

Not Alfa Romeo

Yes: Alfa Romeo.
It was this coat of arms that inspired the designer

[Catfish]

IM proud of myself , I guessed purely from a vague image in my memory, I'm not at all special for a car.

[3x3zsave]

Alfa Romeo
She is the most.

[kalibr]

Quote: 3x3zsave

More than once I have heard the opinion that it is very difficult to photograph in the Paris Army Museum.

Not just difficult. Disgusting! And the holes are not closed - there is a hook. Take a closer look! Ha, I didn't notice this "hole" myself. But you got a good answer!

[3x3zsave]

Not just difficult. Disgusting!
Three weeks ago I photographed two exhibitions in the Hermitage. The one in the arena turned out almost perfectly, but in the Nikolaevsky hall sometimes I wanted to cry, then the showcase glares, then my shadow on the half of the lens.

[Nikolaevich I]

Hear! And I exchanged the easel crossbow for these pants!

[depressant]

Without seeing the lance hook - well, God bless him, because you can only see what you have at least some idea of ​​- I became extremely interested in what I always suspected. I had such a conjecture that all social formations that exist in social nature have always existed and exist together, but one of them becomes predominant in a certain historical epoch.

Weapons and armor were produced on the stream, in particular by the large arms manufactory at Clos de Galle in Rouen. So, in 1376, in only one arsenal in Chaumbre de la Reine, up to a thousand sets of battle armor were stored, although their description said that they were outdated and of poor quality.

These are manufactories, the main difference of which from craft workshops is the division of labor. By dividing the production of things into simple operations with the help of specialization of workers, labor productivity increased, as well as the quality of finished products. For this, dozens or even hundreds of hired workers were involved in the manufactory.
Wikipedia says that the massive shift to manufacturing, marking the advent of capitalism, began in the 16th century. According to other sources, manufactories - cloth-making, wool-weaving, shipbuilding, copper and silver mining, others - have been known since the 6th century AD. I think there were earlier, just no information has survived.
Indeed, if some Roman commander urgently gathers an army of several thousand legionnaires, attracting along the way thousands of unarmed recruits, then do at the same time hundreds of scattered craftsmen rush to fan the fire in the forges in order to start producing the required amount of armor for the army?
How was it all really?

[Dym71]

Quote: depressant

Without seeing the lance hook

[depressant]

Dear colleague, thanks for the clarification! )))

[kalibr]

Quote: depressant

all social formations that exist in social nature have always existed and exist together, but one of them becomes predominant in a certain historical epoch

That's right, and this is not speculation. Everything new arises from the depths of the old! I already wrote about the Roman workshops, but for a long time. You can repeat ...

[depressant]

Vyacheslav Olegovich, you must!
After all, otherwise it turns out that we know everything: how we fought, how we armed ourselves, what we dressed in, what we ate, but nothing about the productive forces and production relations! As if there were no such relations, except for "the slaves were oppressed, the peasants were oppressed ...", and that's all! )))
Ancient and ancient technologies are also extremely interesting.

[kalibr]

Quote: depressant

except "slaves were oppressed, peasants were oppressed ...", and that's all! )))
Ancient and ancient technologies are also extremely interesting.

There is more than one book about this. Let's do ...

[vladcub]

Lyudmila Yakovlevna, welcome. You asked the right question

[depressant]

Good afternoon, Svyatoslav! )))
Yes, curiosity is gnawing. Among useful things I grab a moment for "The Prince of this World." This is a different view of what drives progress. But technology and organization of production, unfortunately, do not inspire writers to create works of art. Maybe I haven't come across such books)))

[vladcub]

1) I don't know the "Prince".
2) "technology and organization of production" I remember something bad. The technologies are described in relative detail in Roni "senior" trilogy "The Cave Boy", Jules Verne: "The Mysterious Island" and, perhaps, at Ivanov. Also, I met somewhere, but I don't remember. So artisans and blacksmiths are often found, but "technology production "no. There are works where the heroes do not sleep or eat, and even more so satisfy the need

[kalibr]

Quote: depressant

But technology and organization of production, unfortunately, do not inspire writers to create works of fiction.

In the USSR, there was a term "production novel". Many books have been written ...

[3x3zsave]

"The novel will be written in advance,
They will come, breathe that dust,
Pull a stick into the concrete
Comparing the first volume with life.
.
You look, a novel, and everything is in order:
The new masonry method is shown,
Backward deputy, growing before
And grandfather going to communism
She and he are the foremost
The motor started for the first time
Party organizer, blizzard, breakthrough, emergency,
The minister in the shops and the general ball ...
.
And everything is similar, everything is similar
What is, or maybe,
But in general - that's how inedible,
That in a voice you want to howl. "(C)

[depressant]

At one time, people left many books on a table in front of a library door or on a concrete block in front of dumpsters. No one raised a hand to throw the book into the trash. And then one day I discovered a whole selection of works by Soviet writers unknown to me. Having looked through them all, grasping individual pages with my eyes, I left them lying where they were, because the artistic value of the books was zero. They were the very production novels about which the Strugatskys in "Lame Destiny" said something like "love between the technologist of the production site and the head of the workshop against the background of metal casting problems."

Phew! ... She wiped the sweat from her forehead. I have finished reading "The Prince of this World"! ))))
Lots of useful information. The author had to work hard, collecting them and assembling them into a coherent narrative. The book is a kind of pamphlet. But you think: but it could be so. It is written easily, vividly, reading, you will swallow a book. And one of the lines of the narrative is about the problems of an employee of AGITPROP )))
In fact, there is a devilish beginning in life. And it leads managers through life. You can see it.

[Bolt cutter]

No one raised a hand to throw the book into the trash

In England, telephone booths, which became unnecessary with the advent of mobile communications, were adapted for books. Very useful reading material comes across

[depressant]

Very useful reading material comes across

Exactly! I grabbed Stanislav Lem, Agatha Christie, Rubina, Maugham, Sand, Akunin, and something else ... But then suddenly it turned out that it was more convenient to read from the phone. Nevertheless, oddly enough it may sound, a book fund in paper form, even in the form of shabby volumes, is a must-have. Who knows...

[Bolt cutter]

it is more convenient to read from the phone.

I disagree. On paper, the books somehow feel more real. Namely, in such booths I came across a dozen books on history (I especially remember Clive Ponting). Well, bibliological rubbish is present, where can we go without it.

[3x3zsave]

On paper, somehow the books feel more real
As early as 15 years ago, I began to translate all the hudlite into "digital". (There was such a program that allows you to read from push-button telephones, but only in txt format). However, when he got carried away with history for the second time, he discovered the impossibility of reading serious literature without a pencil. Now I am collecting the second library.
Alex!

[Bolt cutter]

As early as 15 years ago, I began to translate all the hudlite into "digital".

Good day! Warm lamp a paper book cannot replace anything for me - reading on the screen strains my eyes, and in general - books on the screen impose associations with non-alcoholic beer and inflatable women .

[3x3zsave]

non-alcoholic beer
I'm driving, sometimes it happens

[Aviator_]

They were the very production novels about which the Strugatskys in Lame Destiny said something like “love between a technologist ...

Lyudmila Yakovlevna, the Strugatskys, at the time of writing Lame Destiny, had already dropped almost to the level of their Vybegallo from Monday. Tell me, Hailey's Airport is not a production novel?

[3x3zsave]

My respect, Sergei!
Have you read anything besides "Airport" at Hayley's?

[Aviator_]

I read "Taxi". Typical solid production romance

[3x3zsave]

However, addictive?

[Aviator_]

No. It was always more interesting for me to read not about them, but about us. Hayley wrote well, and he was probably lucky with the translator.

[3x3zsave]

"Salted Ice" by Konetsky?

[Aviator_]

Like so. I can't get a book from the shelf now - the apartment is a mess (renovation).

[3x3zsave]

I sympathize! Himself, being an "elemental" of repair and construction work, I always sympathize with the customer, because I understand what he got involved in!

[saygon66]

"Wheels" and "Hotel" ... Fashionable, in due time, reading!

[depressant]

Industrial. I was in my own library. I read it in one breath. But you have to be able to tell the story. Our "production workers", apparently, did not know how. Somehow they didn't chase after their books ...
And ... Sergei, why are you so dismissive about one of my favorite novels? Do you want to teach me something? I am adamant in my preferences and will never betray them.
I reread this novel regularly.
Have mercy!

[3x3zsave]

Yes, what are you doing, Lyudmila Yakovlevna?
No one disputes Haley's role in the adventure novel genre. Actually, he created it, well, if you do not take into account our Vladimir Sanin.

[Aviator_]

Sanin wrote well too, but Konetsky somehow sarcastically walked over him. A collective of writers writing on the same topics cannot live without squabbles.

[3x3zsave]

A collective of writers writing on the same topics cannot live without squabbles.
Undoubtedly! And how many slops Konetsky and Aksenov (once friends) poured on each other - not a single sludge sucker can handle it!

[Aviator_]

This is yes, that was, that was. But I have a very bad attitude towards writers who have gone abroad. The only point that fell out is Limonov, a lover of shocking, he did not adjust to anyone, all his quirks are personally his quirks. And he returned not like the informer Vetrov (Solzhenitsyn), got into politics, tried to change something. I mentioned Kochetov above - when I read him and watched a movie based on his scripts (Big Family), in my youth it was interesting, but not very much. And then Kochetova's literary scum (including Nekrasov, whom Konetsky simply prayed for) hounded him for the work "What do you want" (early 70s). There he seriously raised the question of the lack of spirituality in the society of "developed socialism". Ultimately, they came to collapse. And he just turned out to be a seer.

[3x3zsave]

I think "everything was stolen before us," I mean, before them. Saltykov-Shchedrin.

[depressant]

No one disputes Haley's role in the adventure-production novel

And read my previous comment? The one before the one that you comment on?)))
I talked about Lame Destiny and defended my right to love this novel.
Anton, you are going to write articles - did I understand correctly? Don't just get yourself together, be collected. Learn to quickly view comments on a diagonal while still grasping the gist ...
In general, don't listen to me. I understand that you are tired, you have such a job, and I am filled with sympathy.

[3x3zsave]

And read my commentary, the one that is a quote from Tvardovsky's poem?
Lyudmila Yakovlevna, I'm not going to do anything yet, I started thinking about ... No, not about old age, I won't live to see it, about the time when I won't be able to work with my hands.

[depressant]

Anton, is this an allegory? Or? ... What's wrong with your hands? Don't scare me like that!

[3x3zsave]

Lyudmila Yakovlevna, I am a builder, for 30 years already. I am 48 years old and, in spite of my experience, I physically cannot keep up with the younger and more resilient ones. Hence the thoughts, and desire, and attempts to create, if not a "golden parachute", then at least a "copper-nickel" one.

[depressant]

Consider that my heavy sigh will be reported to you ...
I understand you. What genre do you want to work in? I’m not just asking. As a reader, I can give you some advice.

[3x3zsave]

Oh, well, you asked the question .... I can designate the place and time in which I am in love ... Do you want a prologue to a novel?

[depressant]

So the novel ...
But my mail does not work! Doesn't send or send. I don't know what it is. Only a personal.
Try a few paragraphs here as a comment. Well, at least one.

[3x3zsave]

"The darkness that came from the Mediterranean covered the city hated by the procurator" (c)
The Lord is with you, Lyudmila Yakovlevna! I can write a few paragraphs, but before the novel I have to study the era for a few more years.

[depressant]

And I wonder, whose annoyance is this, whose truly hostile actions against the dialogue?
Here one person asks another, they say, in what genre the name is going to work. What is special about this simple question? What caused the Third Party's wrath in him? And what did this worried Third Party find so terrible in the humorous and sad answer to the name?
Here is for you, Anton, and the answer to your research in preparation for writing a novel, an essay, an essay, or an article. Find not only the small and large circumstances of the era about which you are going to tell the world, but also the person in it, namely: Christ in future heroes (virtues) and Antichrist (congenital and acquired vices). And then show how the Devil ruins heroes, taking advantage of their vices, how he twists them, tempting virtue and condoning the development of their vices, and how this leads people along a path that already in our own future will respond to the dead end of the so-called "progress of civilization".
If you, having taken the above mentioned as a super task, still write a work, it will be successful, for it will respond in the minds and hearts of people, resonate, as happened with the book "The Master and Margarita".
But no, so no.
The outline of events is interesting only while the eyes are still in the book. I closed it, finished reading it, and forgot how that book was not. Because there were no people.

And as for my initial reflections - who are you, dissatisfied, friend or foe? - then, a person can turn out to be both, or both together. Sad as it is. Let the dissatisfied think about this well and draw conclusions that are useful for himself. After all, I have no doubt that he is a morbidly interested person.

[3x3zsave]

When and if this weekend turns out to be free, I will try to write something for you.

[Korsar4]

Who dares to confess publicly their vices?
And in literature it does not work out otherwise.

[depressant]

Well, they say, there was a custom in Russia - at the time of innocence. Cap on the ground, good people, I am guilty, do not order to be executed, order to have mercy.
But now it won't work.
We are all tainted by time - everything!
It would even feel embarrassing and morally difficult for me if someone suddenly repented of something in front of me. I would rush about in longing ))))

[Korsar4]

This is a serious burden. And you are not a priest.

[depressant]

That's right, I'm not him. Throughout my life I know people who are happy to be confessors. And I know people who are ready to confess to everyone and everyone. The difference between this phenomenon and the secret confession is that confession requires an awareness of sin and repentance. And the endless chatter of the language and the readiness to listen to it - the approval of both the speaker and the listener.

[Korsar4]

People want attention. And warmth.

https://stihi.ru/2008/12/26/1988

[Aviator_]

Lyudmila, if you find something attractive in this work, let it be. I have a different opinion of him and do not impose it. I do not intend to teach you, because I teach students general physics, and you have not belonged to this category for a long time. About "our production workers". At one time, Joseph the Terrible gave them the definition of "engineers of human souls", all right, only that, he also put them in a rather privileged position (Writers' unions, dachas, creative houses, etc.) Most of this crowd were ordinary freeloaders from the category " what do you please ", and they trampled on the production topic. There were especially many of these idlers in the Union republics, since their "works" were published first in the native language, and then in Russian. The collapse of the USSR showed who is who among them. I remember that Chingiz Aitmatov, whom I previously respected, gave an interview to KP in the late 80s. There he advocated the comprehensive development of the Kyrgyz language. And when the reporter asked why his children do not go to a Kyrgyz school, but study in an English special school, he modestly said that he was studying Kyrgyz himself. So the Strugatsky brothers are from the same clip. Konstantin Simonov wrote in his diaries that a couple of weeks after the fall of Berlin, almost the entire composition of Hitler's official Volkische beobachter came to the commandant and announced that they were ready to publish a communist newspaper.
About our "production workers". What do you dislike about the work "Zhurbiny" by Kochetov?

[depressant]

Lord ...
Sergei, why are you telling me the heaps of information that have long been known, already overgrown with weeds, considering me a fierce ignoramus?
What is the "creative intelligentsia", and especially writers, I have always known and, moreover, the book I just read "The Prince of this World" gives one of the controversial, but, incidentally, why controversial? - the correct answers, from the point of view of psychiatry, why writers are politically like that. But, you know, least of all I am worried about the political assessment of the "villains".

This is what happens to me:
My best friend doesn't come to me
And they walk in idle vanity
Various are not the same.

This is Yevtushenko, disrespected and even despised by me! But I do not care about my own attitude towards the author of the poems, I love these poems. I do not care exactly how the Strugatskys changed their political orientation. The work, when it comes out of print, belongs to the author only to the extent that he cuts the dough off of it, but, published, it is already an independent entity that is able to choose the reader to whom it wants to belong, with whom it wants to interact. Will you forbid the book to do this?

[Aviator_]

Lyudmila, excuse me for not answering for a long time, I was away. Regarding the question you raised about the attitude towards the work and the person who wrote it. People are different. For example, Lenin said that Averchenko's "A dozen knives in the back of the revolution" is a very talented work. He could abstract from the personality of the offended intellectual who wrote this. I can not do that. Your impression of the work is, perhaps, close to Lenin's, you know how to abstract. And further. I am alarmed by your passages addressed to me like "You forbid the book to do this." I am not Glavlit to prohibit anyone.
Best regards, Sergey.

[depressant]

Sergey, good morning!))))
Do not take what I say so seriously, I am an easy person. Without changing opinions, I form their shades constantly. I am ready to listen, listen and say: "Oh, this is how it really was! Then let's look at this matter from this side!" Only )))
I'll go and see what they are discussing today.
I choose not topics - interlocutors, join me! )))

[Undecim]

Is it possible that at the same time hundreds of scattered craftsmen rush to fan the fire in the forges in order to start producing the required amount of armor for the army?
How was it all really?

The organization of production and supply of the Roman army with military equipment and weapons is a complex and rather complex topic, since this system has undergone significant changes throughout Roman history. If in the days of the curiate militia, the Roman soldiers provided for themselves, then in the era of the late empire, in the end, all weapons production was concentrated in state-owned weapons factories.

In general, the authors on the site avoid generalizing articles. Today's article is just an example - a fragmentary description of the armament of the French army during the Hundred Years War.
But the authors avoid writing another article of the type "The evolution of weapons and tactics during the Hundred Years War".

[Korsar4]

The generalizing article takes a lot of effort. And it's not easy not to fall into triviality.

[Undecim]

The synthesis article takes a lot of effort

And more effort requires more fees.

[kalibr]

Quote: Undecim

And more effort requires more fees.

Absolutely correct conclusion, not supported by practice.

[Korsar4]

“Inspiration is not for sale,
But you can sell the manuscript ”(c).

[kalibr]

Quote from Korsar4

can

But difficult! And today it is doubly difficult.

[kalibr]

Quote from Korsar4

The generalizing article takes a lot of effort. And it's not easy not to fall into triviality.

That's it!

[mihaylov]

full chain mail shirts from the early period are extremely rare today.

Here's a chain mail from the Velikiye Luki Museum of Local Lore - XII century !!!

[3x3zsave]

AL XII century !!!
Far from being a fact, Sergei!

[mihaylov]

Quote: 3x3zsave

Far from being a fact, Sergei!

It was on the plate, Anton!
Of course, this is most likely the XVII century, at best - XVI

[3x3zsave]

Yes, yes, I mean exactly the plates, especially in provincial museums! I always remember the story of Shpakovsky about the pommel of the Sarmatian sword.

[Roman Efremov]

Fairy tales! How did it survive in this form - at home hung on a nail for 800 years? Look at the real chain mail and helmet of the 13th century - Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, lost at the Lipitsk battle! :-)

[vladcub]

Q. Oh, let me explain: you talked a lot and in detail about awesome armor. Which were unlikely to have been in battle. So I said: "I'm already tired of ceremonial armor and I want to talk about combat ... and those who used them."

[3x3zsave]

Glory!
Try to dig deeper into Wikipedia.

[vladcub]

Vic Nick scolds Russian-speaking Vika. I appreciate Vic's opinion. Nika, and he was convinced that he was often right

[3x3zsave]

And I am not suggesting that Wikipedia be regarded as the ultimate truth. There, in almost every article on history, there is a section "Literature". Look, you will be surprised at the number of sources, including translated ones. Besides, who is stopping you from using foreign language versions of the resource? Ignorance of languages ​​nowadays does not work for an excuse, because Google translator is constantly being improved. "Those who want - are looking for opportunities, those who do not want - are looking for excuses."

[Fat]

Sometimes the sources of Wikipedia are very strange. For example, in the Article "Amusing troops" as a source Glinsky "Tsar's children and their mentors"
I am reading B.B. Glinsky on LitMir:

Noticing in his brisk, mobile and energetic son a special attraction to military affairs and military exercises, Alexei Mikhailovich took care to give his games a more correct character: he composed a whole regiment for him, outfitted him in green uniforms, gave the soldiers banners and guns and supplied them with all kinds of regimental things; this regiment was named after Peter - "Petrov regiment", and the tsarevich himself was appointed colonel; he was reported on all the needs of the regiment, and orders were also demanded from him. The sovereign personally watched the orders of the four-year-old commander and directed his actions.
This direction of play for little Peter was of great benefit: he was, so to speak, "the first cadet" in Russia and the first to go through a thorough school of military affairs, a course of military sciences. This course was studied not on the basis of books, not from the voice of teachers, but on a living matter, albeit amusing, with the participation of living people - childhood comrades. There was no school boredom or embarrassment, but at the same time, the entire organization of the regiment, its exercises and training required restraint, moderation and obedience from the prince. of all that we call military discipline.

Aleksey Mikhailovich died on January 29, 1876. And Peter was born on May 30, 1672 (Julian calendar). Peter Alekseevich commanded a regiment less than 3 and a half years old.
Wow talent! Either Glinsky is lying, and then Vicki, or the Petrovsky regiment - a set of toy soldiers and has nothing to do with amusing.

[3x3zsave]

And for this there are different (!) Sources. For example, I know three versions of the reasons for Pushkin's unsuccessful marriage to Anna Olenina, and I set out all of them. And listeners can choose the one they like.

[kalibr]

You said everything correctly Vladislav, do not explain yourself. In the comments, some ambiguity is normal. You think about this article for a long time. And here ... I just used your words as an excuse.

[vladcub]

I got it. I have already noticed, after all, it’s been a long time since I was “familiar”, such a dash

[vladcub]

Quote: Sea Cat

You, too, would be tired of reading the same author all the time.

And here, Vyacheslav, you are fundamentally wrong, I, for example, swim in armor (I said well, yes?), But it is still interesting to read, and there will be comments on the case here without me.
As for -

We must give others to live as well.

- then someone else had to be tapped in the cradle, such is the harsh truth of life.
Now the burning question: when will there be a new one about the trunks?

I think I know who. Kostya, there’s a double-edged sword: if you hit it in the cradle, it’s kind of dumb. On the other hand: such "aftors" poison our lives and breed a hamster army. So that the question is more than difficult

[vladcub]

"a good chain mail could be inherited from its original owner, passing from hand to hand many times" for example Yermak's chain mail.
Initially, she was with one of the Shuisky, then with the Vyrodkov (?), Ermak and after Ermak some Siberian prince.
Once, as a child, I read the book "Your Destiny" and there they sorted out in detail who had it. More than forty years have passed and it would be nice to re-read it. Not all, but about Ermak's chain mail

[Konnick]

While in Venice, he visited the armory rooms of the Doge's palace. Then I read articles about the museum on topvar V.O. Shpakovsky. There is a collection of real combat armor and weapons, with traces of blows. But I was interested in the stained glass windows on the stairs next to these halls overlooking the Bridge of Sighs. And I found an interesting glass autographed by "tourists" from the 18th century, it is located quite high. You just don't notice him.

Apparently in 1749 they were also interested in combat armor

[kalibr]

Quote: Konnick

You just don't notice him.

Well, you are big-eyed. I was there but ... I didn't notice. And the granddaughter and wife too ... It's a pity ...

[vladcub]

A very interesting autograph. How did you notice him?

[Konnick]

How did you notice him?

I was waiting for my companion, well, I began to study the stained-glass windows, the glasses there are old, they distort a little. Apparently someone made an inscription with a diamond from the ring. Tours passed by, but not a single guide showed this sign to tourists. Approximately at a height of 2 meters.

[kalibr]

Quote: Konnick

Tours passed by, but not a single guide showed this sign to tourists.

Would copy!

[astra wild2]

Vyacheslasv Olegovich, colleagues. Good afternoon
For the fifth time I undertake to write and cannot: the network is disgusting.
We are discouraged: there is no material of interest to us! Perhaps tomorrow or the day after tomorrow you will be lucky?

[astra wild2]

"with the use of very rings, less than 5 mm" Vyacheslav Olegovich, I already know where the "Summer Thunder", "People and Weapons" have such chain mail. You saw her. Now, I believed: you need to see or hold in your hands any object in order to write interestingly.
I DOUBT when you said that: "Three of the Ensk" will be more interesting than: "People and weapons". In the first one you have bloopers, there is no dynamism.
Don't be angry with criticism. I appreciate you and I want you better

[vladcub]

"don't be angry with criticism." Our V. O has a lot of sins, sometimes he wants to respond from the heart and in Russian, but he is one of those authors who does not "suffer" from graphomania. The latter have only their opinion. V.O. understands that there are no comrades for taste and color.
It happens that our criticism benefits him

[kalibr]

Quote: Astra wild2

Now, I believed: you need to see or hold in your hands any object in order to write interestingly.

Exactly! Best of all, I write about what I saw and held in my hands. Now I am writing a detective novel "Vacation to Vacu-Vacu" about our tourist on an island in the Pacific Ocean ... Everything is so easy - hotels, service, food ... everything is very similar + a drop of exoticism from the Internet - and that's it!

[kalibr]

Quote: Astra wild2

Don't get angry with criticism.

Only ... (the word forbidden in VO) is angry with reasonable criticism.

[astra wild2]

Agree. Vyacheslav Olegovich, do you agree that there is little dynamism in "people"?

[kalibr]

In "People ..." "there is little dynamism." I didn't think so. To me. But I believe that your opinion, as a reader, is quite valid. When I wrote, I was guided by the books of Bernard Schultz. Well, let's say "The Lone Bison Error". And after all, there are also not enough dynamics. Is not it? It's just that Schultz has become bronzed from time to time. But Liselotta Welskopf Heinrich in a series of novels about Toki-Ito, in my opinion, even in abundance. A man would simply not bear it, even though he is an Indian ..

[kalibr]

Quote: Astra wild2

I want you better

Thank you! But there is nowhere better - after all, all these books are now on the DREAM website, and this is an international and very famous publishing house in Singapore!

[3x3zsave]

But there is nowhere better to go
I know where, the contract with Osprey.

[kalibr]

Forgot, forgot, completely, Anton. I'm waiting! We agreed that if the first book of their new series "goes", then they will order me the second ... It's quiet for now.

[3x3zsave]

And how are things with Perevozchikov, Vyacheslav Olegovich?

[kalibr]

Well ... there is a subscription to his new magazine UNKNOWN HISTORY. I saw the layout of the first issue - INTERESTING. Moreover, I would write it out (be an outsider) and put it in a pile. I would save ... and then, 20 years later, I would use it in my own information program on photonic computers of the PhotonNet system. I was stupid - I had a bunch of Niva magazines, but I sold everything to the Second-hand bookseller. And I could now without straining to reprint articles from there. It's more difficult with TM - a very famous magazine. And this one will not enjoy such fame. There are now heaps of such magazines, one "Secrets of the XX century" is worth something. So as a "mine" for the future, and it is very suitable for you! As for everything else, then ... this is for a personal ...

[3x3zsave]

You know, Vyacheslav Olegovich, all my construction experience protests against working with "rogue". "Chicken by the grain" is, of course, a good practice, but for me "too Russian", unaware of the southeastern values ​​and the confident slowness of Swiss banks, time is valuable. In 5 years I will go into circulation in my construction form. Therefore, either, in the next 2-3 years, a breakthrough in another area, or "morgue-crematorium-Neva" ...

[kalibr]

That is why I wrote to you all of the above! By the way, I perfectly concreted the path to the shed in the country. The next step is the same concrete paths in greenhouses. I've mastered the profession of a concrete worker.

[3x3zsave]

I am very glad that physical labor gives you rest, I am tired of it. Money is earned by the head.

[kalibr]

Quote: 3x3zsave

I'm tired of him.

Naturally. A change of activity is always needed.

[Undecim]

I've mastered the profession of a concrete worker.

This, Vyacheslav Olegovich, self-indulgence. And the profession of a concrete worker is a shift with a "pacifier" in hand, after which you yourself vibrate for a few more hours.

[astra wild2]

Vyacheslav Olegovich, I wish you good luck

[kalibr]

Thank you! It is always pleasant and will be reckoned in heaven.

[mihaylov]

Quote: Pane Kohanku

then with red wine you will meet a local fairy, and with her

Red Thai?

[depressant]

As always, I looked at the miniature for a long time.

Siege of Obenton (1340). Miniature from Jean Froissard's Chronicle. Copy from Bruges, Belgium, circa 1470-1475 National Library of France, Paris. Well, just a very interesting miniature, isn't it?

Truth. Very)))
The attackers are really dressed, who in what is much. I mean protective gear. Mercenaries? While the regular troops, equipped as expected, wait for the gate to break into the city. But I was most interested in the "English gate" for a crossbow thrown to the ground - the device is spelled out in the details! The crossbowman throwing it takes aim, and the other crossbowman uses such a gate to pull the bowstring of his crossbow. This is not for you to pull the bowstring of the bow! And how accurately the movements of the characters are reproduced! The miniature is not static, it is filled with life, which is not always possible even for well-known later artists.

[kalibr]

That's why I love medieval miniatures. They are somewhat naive, but full of life, as you said.

[3x3zsave]

Be cunning, Vyacheslav Olegovich. Lyudmila Yakovlevna may be naive in her delusions, but you should know that this is "late Gothic", most manifested in the miniatures of the brothers Limburg and Jean Fouquet. Before them, miniatures were somewhat static and not picky about small details of the image.

[kalibr]

These are the details. But, yes, it entirely refers to the illustrations of Froissard's story dating from 1475. So what we see here is a little late in relation to the real events.

[Ilya22558]

Thanks, very interesting!!!! I look forward to continuing!

[mvbmvbmvb]

And what could the “chain mail” protect against - “made of wire with a diameter of 0,086 cm,” Simply put, WIRE WITH A THICKNESS OF LESS THAN 1 mm? IT RIPS by hand! (Sorry, sapslock is buggy!!!)