How and where will we go, comrades?
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Losses from the collapse of the Union
Worth looking at history development of Russian shipbuilding in the South-East of Ukraine since the formation of the Black Sea fleet and strengthening of Russia's position in the Black Sea region, not just the Soviet period. The construction of the civil and military fleet all these years was interrupted only for a while after the Crimean War, the Revolution, the Civil War and the Great Patriotic War, and was conducted all the time until the collapse of the USSR.
Shipbuilding in Ukraine was part of a huge super-industrial development project in the USSR and completely transformed the region. In a relatively short period of time, a sparsely populated agricultural area located on the most ancient and still operating trade routes, which has repeatedly passed from hand to hand, has turned into a powerful industrial region. The lands conquered from the Ottoman Empire in the 1792th century by Empress Catherine II developed rapidly. The success of a significant part of the Soviet shipbuilding program of Admiral Gorshkov of the Soviet Navy was largely based on the discovery of coal and iron ore deposits in XNUMX by a miner Grigory Kapustin in the area between the Dnieper and Don rivers and the Voronezh province.
The main impetus for the accelerated development of the region was the decision of Emperor Alexander III at the end of the 30th century to develop the Donetsk coal basin and the Krivoy Rog iron ore region. The creation of an industrial and energy cluster was supported by the active construction of a railway network and the start of oil production in Baku and the Volga region. The greatest development of the Black Sea shipbuilding was received in the period from the 60s to the mid 1929s of the XX century with the beginning of the integrated industrial development of the South-East of the USSR. The intensive development of the industry led to the development of the electric power industry. Following the construction of the Dnieper Hydroelectric Power Station in 5, a cascade of hydroelectric power stations was built on the Dnieper and XNUMX powerful nuclear power plants in the Ukrainian SSR.
During the specified period, 3 large shipbuilding and 5 ship repair plants were built in Nikolaev, Kherson, Odessa, Kerch and Izmail, 3 operating enterprises were modernized. It was these enterprises that formed the basis of the shipbuilding of the South-East:
• the oldest Nikolaev shipyard in Nikolaev (founded in 1789) - modernized in the 60-70s of the XX century - for 200 years the main supplier of warships for the long sea and ocean zones for the Russian and Soviet fleets;
• Ukraine's largest Black Sea shipbuilding plant (founded in 1897) - modernized in the 50-70s of the twentieth century (specialization - medium and large-tonnage shipbuilding, all aircraft carriers and helicopter carriers of the Soviet Navy were built on it);
• the shipyard "Ocean" in Nikolaev (founded in 1951), reached full capacity in the mid-1970s - specialization: medium and large-scale civil shipbuilding;
• Zaliv shipyard in Kerch (Crimea, founded in 1938) - underwent a comprehensive modernization and reached full capacity by 1963 - specialization: military and civil medium and large-scale shipbuilding, including the construction of ships with nuclear power plants;
• Kherson shipyard in Kherson (founded in the 1780s) - specialization in civil shipbuilding and ship repair;
• shipbuilding plant "Leninskaya Kuznitsa" in Kiev (founded in 1862), specialization: low-tonnage and medium-tonnage civil and military shipbuilding;
• Shipyard "More" in Feodosia (founded in 1938), specialization: high-speed ships and civil and military vessels.
To service the civil and military fleet of the USSR, large ship repair facilities were created, both separate ship repair enterprises and subdivisions at shipyards: Odessa shipyard, Azov shipyard, Izmail shipyard, Sevastopol marine plant, 13th shipyard in Sevastopol. It was the presence of existing shipbuilding facilities and the construction of new ones that made it possible twice (after the First World War and the Civil War and then after the Great Patriotic War) to quickly restore the Black Sea Fleet.
In the Soviet years, a large and extensive network of sea and river ports with excellent access railways and highways was built in Ukraine, a highly equipped and diverse port infrastructure that handles export-import cargo of the 3 largest sea trade companies in the USSR and one river shipping company. The merchant fleet of these shipping companies was about 1000 units. displacement from 1000 to 150 DWT.
The fishing fleet should be told separately.
About 40% of the 4500 thousand fishing vessels of the USSR had Ukrainian ports of registration. Fishing areas were not only the Black and Azov seas, but the Mediterranean and Atlantic (western coast of Africa). The coastal infrastructure completely covered the USSR's own needs and made it possible to conduct an active international trade in the caught products. Dozens of new fishing vessels of various types were built at Ukrainian shipyards every year.
Cruises on the Danube and Dniester, the Black and Mediterranean Seas were very popular with Soviet citizens and foreign tourists. Passenger and ferry lines worked actively. At the disposal of the Black Sea shipping companies was about half of the entire passenger fleet of the USSR.
The Red Banner Black Sea Fleet of the USSR Navy as of the end of the 1980s numbered about 100 thousand personnel and 60 thousand workers and employees. The fleet included 835 ships and vessels of almost all existing classes, including 28 submarines, 2 anti-submarine cruisers, 6 missile cruisers and large anti-submarine ships (BOD) of the 1st rank, 20 ships of the 2nd rank (destroyers and patrol ships) , about 40 TFR, 30 small missile ships and boats, about 70 minesweepers, 50 landing ships and boats, more than 400 units of sea aviation... The organizational structure of the fleet included 2 divisions of ships (anti-submarine and landing), 1 division of submarines, 2 divisions of aviation (fighter and naval attack missile carriers), 1 division of coastal defense, dozens of brigades, separate divisions, regiments, units. Most of the ships built were at Ukrainian enterprises.
The forces of the Operational Mediterranean Squadron were in constant combat readiness. Every year, up to a hundred warships and ships entered the World Ocean through the Black Sea straits for combat service.
The fleet had an extensive basing network from Izmail to Batumi (Izmail, Odessa, Nikolaev, Ochakov, Kiev, Chernomorskoe, Donuzlav Island, Sevastopol, Feodosia, Kerch, Novorossiysk, Poti, etc.). Its units were stationed on the territory of 4 Soviet republics (RSFSR, Ukraine, Moldova, Georgia).
In addition to the navy, at different periods of time there was a Danube military flotilla that ensured security on the Danube, Dniester and Southern Bug. The capabilities of the Black Sea Fleet during the Soviet era cannot be compared with the current capabilities of the Russian Federation.
Almost all major specialists in military and civil shipbuilding agree that Soviet shipbuilding in the 60s-80s of the XX century rightfully took the 2nd place in the world. The USSR massively built civilian ships and warships. Our shipbuilding was quite competitive, which was confirmed by deliveries to two dozen capitalist and socialist countries - more than 130 units were built only for civilian ships. for 30 years. Military-technical cooperation numbered dozens of ships and submarines over the same period, there was a great demand for small missile ships and boats.
The successes of the USSR in shipbuilding in the 80s of the XX century caused gnashing of teeth in the offices of Washington and the commander-in-chief of the US Navy. Wherever the world's oceans were cruised by the ships of the American fleet, Soviet reconnaissance or patrol ships were always nearby. The headquarters games clearly showed that the Soviet Navy was successfully disrupting the deployment of American naval forces throughout the European theater of operations. Together with the naval forces of the Warsaw bloc countries, the USSR Navy could compete on an equal footing with the US Navy and NATO countries in the Baltic, North Atlantic, Black and Mediterranean Seas.
The construction of an aircraft carrier fleet, as well as cruisers, BODs and destroyers with advanced missile weapons, in the long term could lead to the squeezing of the American fleet from the Mediterranean Sea and the loss of control over Gibraltar and the Suez Canal. This was unacceptable for the Americans, since it is most convenient to launch missile strikes from submarines on Russian territory from the water area of the central Mediterranean. The constant presence of our ships in the Indian Ocean, the Persian Gulf and the Strait of Malacca allowed our sailors to control key points of the main sea trade routes.
The Soviet Union's challenge to US naval influence was to be countered and neutralized. And the United States could solve this problem only by breaking the trend for the successful development of the Soviet navy. To do this, it was necessary to undermine the military and economic might of the USSR and the socialist countries of Eastern Europe, break the organization of the Warsaw Pact countries, destroy the USSR and tear Ukraine, Transcaucasia and the Baltic States away from the rest of Russia. The central place in this strategy was given to Poland in the Baltic and Ukraine in the Black Sea.
The blow inflicted by the collapse of the USSR on the domestic maritime industry as a whole was more like a fatal knockout inflicted by Nazi Germany on June 22, 1941 and in the subsequent 1941 year. There has been a complete collapse of the unified security management structure in the Black Sea region. Overnight in Ukraine, about half of the Soviet shipbuilding was lost:
1. In education: 4 maritime universities, 7 nautical schools, a network of youth nautical schools, all of them had an experienced teaching staff, a powerful training base, training centers and training ships.
2. Design and scientific organizations: 27 research institutes and design bureaus on shipbuilding topics, developed scientific base, qualified engineering and design and teaching staff.
3. Shipbuilding machine-building: 7 large enterprises of ship machine-building, including the only ones in the country for the production of ship engines and constituting a single industrial cluster with other enterprises of the USSR, 11 enterprises of marine instrumentation (production of electrical and radio navigation equipment), which supplied products for the entire USSR and abroad ...
4. Shipbuilding: 11 shipyards, including 3 of the 6 largest in the USSR (more than 70% of the country's large-tonnage shipbuilding, about 50% of military shipbuilding, including the construction of surface ships of the 1st rank of the far sea and ocean zones, destroyers and missile cruisers, helicopter carriers, etc. aircraft carriers).
5. Ship repair: 16 ship repair enterprises with a developed ship repair base and qualified personnel.
6. Port and storage facilities: 23 sea and 10 river ports, including commercial ports, equipped with modern lifting equipment, access roads and warehouses, allowing the transshipment of goods within the country and for export. 3 largest sea grain terminals in the USSR with elevators and warehouses, 3 large oil harbors and an ammonia terminal.
7. Merchant fleet: 3 largest sea shipping companies in the country (Black Sea, Azov and Danube), which numbered about 1000 units, 2 permanent lighter and several international container lines providing currency inflow into the country.
8. Fishing fleet - 4 fisheries departments: 3 oceanic fisheries and a transport and refrigerator company, a network of coastal fish processing enterprises and 4 large refrigerated warehouses, about 40% of the total fishing fleet of the USSR, which in 1990 amounted to more than 4300 vessels.
9. Passenger fleet: 15 sea and river passenger terminals, about 50% of passenger sea vessels of the USSR, 2 large passenger sea crossings.
10. Navy: the division of the fleet was carried out, and the remaining ships and vessels stopped at the berth and ceased to receive timely service. In a short period of time, dozens of combat-ready ships and vessels, including those that had served less than 20 years, were scrapped. Most of the unfinished ships were sold abroad and cut into metal.
11. Naval bases: the largest network of forward bases in the Black Sea region and the main naval base of the Black Sea Fleet of the USSR Navy in Sevastopol remained outside Russia. The equipment and modernization of the fleet and coastal infrastructure were completely stopped for 20 years and began again only with the return of Crimea to Russia.
12. A network of military aerodromes, including naval aviation and air defense areas, which made it possible to control the entire Black Sea region.
The shipbuilding programs started in the mid-70s in the USSR were completely abandoned or curtailed in the mid-90s.
A striking example of this is the unfinished (about 90% readily) missile cruiser of the project 1164 "Admiral of the Fleet Lobov", moored in Nikolaev since 1993 and has never left the sea since its commissioning (of the planned - 10 were built - 4, introduced put into operation and operated - 3). And also TARKR project 1144 "Orlan" (planned - 5, built - 4, in service - 1, modernized - 1, decommissioned - 2, canceled construction - 1), TAVRK project 1143 "Krechet" (planned - 4, built - 4 , decommissioned and sold - 4), as well as the nuclear aircraft carrier of project 1143.7 "Ulyanovsk" disassembled on the slipway of the Black Sea shipyard (Nikolaev) and sold by Ukraine to China (together in the documentation for the ship and air group) TAVRK project 1134.6 "Varyag", which became subsequently, first as a training, and then as a warship of the Chinese Navy.
According to the calculations of our "foreign partners", the collapse of the country, the loss of half of all assets and the division of the Black Sea Fleet should have led to the complete degradation of the rest of the shipbuilding industry and the entire Russian navy in 20-30 years. And Russia's influence in the Black Sea region, with the loss of Sevastopol, should have dropped to the level of Bulgaria and Romania.
The ideal scenario for the United States and NATO countries would be the closure of the Black Sea Fleet in the Sea of Azov, the transition by 2020 to the full jurisdiction of Ukraine of Sevastopol and the creation of NATO naval bases in Odessa, Ochakov and Sevastopol, and gaining full US control over the Black Sea region.
It was for this that the plans for the creation of missile defense areas in Poland, the Czech Republic and Romania were drawn up. Where anti-aircraft missiles of unified missile launchers Mk.41 for strikes against launching ballistic missiles of the Russian strategic nuclear forces were easily replaced by high-precision attack cruise missiles "Tomahawk". These missile defense areas, together with the US Navy's Aegis naval missile defense system (Ticonderoga-class missile cruisers and Arleigh Burke destroyers in the Baltic and the Black Sea) and the US National Missile Defense System, which has radars and missile installations not only in the United States, but also in Norway, Denmark, Great Britain, Taiwan, Japan, South Korea and the islands in the Pacific Ocean, they formed a single system. The global American missile defense system nullified Russia's strategic nuclear potential. In this case, Russia could be dictated to any, even the most unacceptable conditions, up to its complete surrender to the West. At the same time, in all NATO countries, against the background of an increase in the composition of the navy and aviation, including the strike, conventional armaments of land armies were reduced by 3-7 times. These plans included a manifold increase in revenues from the development of the markets of Eastern Europe, Russia and the countries of the former Soviet Union by American companies, the complete rearmament of Eastern Europe to American standards of weapons and equipment.
What went wrong?
It is believed that the USSR, at the end of its power, transferred part of it, including naval power, to two "sleeping giants".
The calculation turned out to be correct - the emergence of modern rocket, space and shipbuilding industries in China, based on Soviet and Russian technologies, gave a powerful impetus to their further development. Over 2 decades, this has exacerbated international economic competition and strengthened military cooperation. Aviation and air defense systems - S-400 long-range air defense systems are supplied not only to the Russian army, but are successfully sold abroad. Deliveries to China and Turkey have been completed, and a major Indian contract is next in line. In the near future, with our help, it is possible to create air defense / missile defense systems in China and India and their inclusion in the common Eurasian missile defense system together with the CIS Joint Air Defense System.
China
Particularly noteworthy are the successes of China in shipbuilding.
China's trade agreements with the United States and the explosive growth in international trade since the late 80s led to an explosive growth in Chinese shipbuilding in the mid-90s. Over the past 30 years, China has gained access to many maritime technologies (construction of aircraft carriers and large-tonnage ships and vessels, construction of ships and submarines in the ocean zone, engines of various types and ship power engineering, powerful shipbuilding cranes and large-block shipbuilding technologies, integrated coastal development, construction and equipping large ports and much more). By 2020, the number of large shipbuilding enterprises in China is in the tens, and the Chinese share in the world shipbuilding has grown from almost zero to 40% in less than 40 years. The number of dry docks in China now exceeds the number of all other major maritime powers in the world.
If the aircraft-carrying missile cruiser "Novorossiysk" was thoroughly studied and cut into metal in South Korea (a NATO country and a US partner), then the second TAVRK "Minsk" was bought by China and became a technology demonstrator for Chinese shipbuilders.
It was Ukraine that gave a start to the birth of the modern Chinese navy, practically donating the Varyag TAVRK for a pittance, and made it possible to turn it into an operating combat training ship of the Chinese Navy. Simultaneously with the sale of the Varyag, Ukraine handed over to the Chinese a prototype model and technical documentation for the deck version of the SU-33 heavy fighter. She also introduced the Chinese representatives to the technologies used in the construction of NIITKA in Crimea, including a prototype of a steam catapult. The deliveries to China of the Soviet legacy - Russian destroyers of project 956, submarines of project 877 and 636 - also influenced. Such a rapid and successful development of previously inaccessible technologies led to the fact that, along with the growth of the economy and Chinese shipbuilding, China's maritime ambitions grew sharply.
The dynamics of building China's modern navy scares the US and European military and politicians more than Soviet successes in the past. The ruling circles of the United States and the American military are especially closely watching China's success in consolidating its power in the Pacific region - the construction of naval and air bases on the coast of China and on the disputed islands in the South China Sea. Even more Americans are alarmed by the speed and quality of construction of new Chinese aircraft carriers, landing ships, destroyers, frigates, support and escort vessels. The Chinese Navy in 2020 came out on top in the world in terms of the number of warships, overtaking the undisputed leader since 1945 - the United States.
India
Following China, India turned its attention to the navy and began to strengthen its naval power.
The lack of their own technologies and an orientation towards the purchase of Soviet weapons models led the Indians to close cooperation with Russia in shipbuilding. We started with the purchase of Project 61M / 61ME destroyers, Project 877 Varshavyanka submarines, and a series of 11356 Talvar frigates built at Soviet and Russian shipyards. The culmination of such cooperation was the sale to India of the modernized aircraft carrier Vikramaditya with an air wing of 20 MiG-29 / 29KUB and 10 helicopters.
It was the loss of Ukrainian shipbuilding enterprises that became the main obstacle to further Russian-Indian cooperation.
The lack of free shipbuilding capacities and the need to coordinate any supplies with Ukraine led to the failure to meet the construction deadlines and the underdelivery of equipment and weapons. Thus, the project of equipping the Vikramaditya aircraft carrier with an AWACS aircraft based on the Yak-44 was completely abandoned, and the Russian army did not wait for it. And now the Indians are negotiating the delivery of the American E-2C Hokkai and the replacement of the MiG-29K with the F-18. In support of these negotiations, Indian sailors have already purchased Boeing P-8 Poseidon patrol aircraft from the United States, rather than Russian Tu-204 / 214s.
Later, India, within the framework of the Made in India program, switched to the construction of ships at its own shipyards based on the design bureaus developed with the participation of our design bureaus and using our serial weapons: Project 17 destroyers and 15 Project frigates, as well as the new Indian aircraft carrier. Vikrant ". With the development of Russian design technologies, the modernization of their own shipbuilding and the launch of serial construction of ships in the medium term, the Indians may refuse to cooperate with us or find other partners.
It was necessary to radically change the situation.
And with the coming to power in Russia of President V.V. Putin, the process of degradation was stopped. And the planned development of the military-industrial complex and the real re-equipment of the army and navy began. This was confirmed by the participation of the Russian military in the events in Syria, where we pleasantly surprised potential opponents with our novelties and checked the existing samples of weapons and military equipment in a combat situation. About 70% of the entire personnel of the Russian army passed through Syria, having gained invaluable combat experience.
Over the past 20 years, we have thoroughly strengthened and strengthened.
But can we solve the security problems of the Black Sea region and the country as a whole in the coming years on our own?
And how to do this without unleashing a big war or a small one - on the territory of Ukraine?
Option number 1. It's time to return this land to yourself
The title contains an excerpt from the song "Train on Fire" by B. Grebenshchikov (1988).
Without unnecessary sentimentality and long preludes - this is our land and it belongs to us. We are responsible for it and the people living on it. We return to ourselves what our ancestors conquered and rebuilt. And what turned out to be unnecessary for the young Ukrainian state with mediocre leaders at its head and slowly dying for 30 years.
These territories are again part of Russia, as the Crimea entered. All people living on this land accept Russian citizenship and have equal rights and obligations with other citizens of Russia. They obey our laws and honor our shrines and holidays. Whoever disagrees and who doesn't like it - we don't keep anyone on the way out with things!
I do not know where the new border between the future Ukraine and Russia can clearly pass, but I can say for sure that it will go far from Mariupol, Donetsk, Lugansk, Kharkov and Dnepropetrovsk, Odessa, Kherson and Nikolaev. And it will definitely include the lands of Transnistria inhabited by Russian people.
And if so, the formal presence of the USC South Shipbuilding Center will soon be filled with real Ukrainian shipbuilding and ship repair enterprises.
We'll have to, once again, rolling up our sleeves, raise them from a dead state. To dismantle 30-year-old rubble and breathe life into them, as happened with the Zaliv plant in Crimea. Where possible, negotiate with current or previous owners. Where it is impossible to agree - to make responsible government decisions and change owners. Invest colossal money in the modernization and development of shipbuilding in the South-East of Russia.
One thing is upsetting - a lot of money will be spent. But there is still hope that the once powerful shipbuilding industry of the Ukrainian SSR will once again revive and give Russia a chance to create a new powerful civil and military fleet in the future.
There can be only one condition - the people living there must strongly want this and follow the path followed by the inhabitants of Crimea.
There are no other ways.
Option number 2. Our fate is in our hands, and yours depends on you
By returning Crimea and connecting it with the rest of Russia by the Crimean Bridge, we secured our right to remain the leader of the Black Sea region.
Not without difficulties, but the process of strengthening the defense capability of the Black Sea Fleet has begun again. There is an understanding that there is not much money, but what we have will be well spent and will give the maximum result.
Do we need dead Ukrainian assets? And for what?
Can we cope with the task of reviving the former greatness of the Black Sea Fleet and creating a new Russian ocean-going fleet, relying only on our own forces?
What do we need and what is missing?
The construction of the Novorossiysk naval base is coming to an end. The coastal infrastructure of the Black Sea Fleet in Sevastopol is being updated. There is a lot of work there and, judging by the amount of work, this process will not be completed until 2030.
Does Crimea's naval infrastructure cover all current security issues?
Since 2014, the Black Sea Fleet has been actively replenishing. And, as of March 1, 2021, it includes:
• 3 ships of Project 11356R (frigates Admiral Grigorovich, Admiral Essen, Admiral Makarov);
• 3 patrol ships of type 22160 - (Vasily Bykov, Dmitry Rogachev, Pavel Derzhavin);
• 4 RTOs of project 21361, Buyan-M type (Vyshny Volochek, Orekhovo-Zuevo, Ingushetia, Grayvoron);
• 2 base minesweepers of Project 12700 (Ivan Antonov, Vladimir Emelyanov);
• 6 submarines of project 636.3 "Varshavyanka".
In the next two years, the fleet will include:
• Corvette of project 20380 "Zealous" - is undergoing mooring tests.
• Project 12700 base minesweeper "Georgiy Kurbatov" - is undergoing mooring tests.
• 3 RTOs of project 22800 of the "Karakurt" type.
• 3 patrol ships of project 22160.
The list is impressive.
And this is quite enough to control the Black Sea. But for a permanent presence in the Mediterranean - no.
Ships of rank 3-4 or frankly weak patrol ships of Project 22160 have to be sent on duty in the SPM only because of the short spare bench. This is possible only in peacetime.
To the already existing military infrastructure in Syria, the Russian Navy in the Mediterranean lacks several convenient points of permanent presence, for example: Alexandropolos or about. Crete (Greece), Alexandria or Port Said (Egypt), Malta or Bizerte (Tunisia) and Oran (Algeria). We need a fleet sufficient to maintain a permanent presence in the Gibraltar and Suez Canal area and control the central and eastern Mediterranean.
The presence of our ships in these areas is necessary to ensure security in the Black Sea region, to maintain peace in Ukraine and the borders of our country. A multiple increase in the ship group and its capabilities is required. To do this, it is necessary to expand the composition of the Operational Squadron and the Black Sea Fleet at least 3 times for surface ships of the 1st rank and 2 times for submarines. While the Admiralty Shipyards are quite capable of building submarines, it is better to have the capacity to build surface ships in the Crimea.
In the South-East direction, Russia has several shipbuilding enterprises. However, most of them are located in the interior of the country and are engaged in the construction of small ships and vessels.
With the return of Crimea to Russia, we received a gorgeous asset - the Zaliv Shipyard named after B. E. Butomy. According to its characteristics, the Kerch plant bypasses any other plant in the South-East of Russia with a large margin and in a relatively short time it was modernized according to the scheme of the Zvezda shipyard in the Far East (Bolshoy Kamen). Having carried out the modernization without stopping the existing production, we can get a powerful production complex with flexible possibilities for the construction of the entire line of civil ships and warships. All other shipbuilding industries of the South and Central Russia can be closed on this enterprise, establishing cooperation ties between them. This will increase the workload of all enterprises in the industry and increase the speed of construction and labor productivity.
Detailed proposals for the modernization of the Zaliv shipyard and the development of shipbuilding in Crimea require a separate article.
In short, Zaliv needs modernization of existing shipbuilding facilities (open berth and dry dock) and expansion of the production site - construction of a new dry dock or open berth for 2-3 industrial lines. At the same time, it is necessary to carry out a full-scale modernization of the equipment of the previously built workshops, the entire crane facilities and build new workshops for the formation and saturation of large-sized blocks.
It is also necessary to think over measures for the development of ship repair at the plant, especially medium and large-tonnage, which is in short supply in the Black Sea region. The ship repair business at the shipyard needs to be expanded by building 2 large repair docks and increasing the length of the outfitting embankments.
The inclusion of the Kamysh-Burun port water area in the Zaliv shipyard will make it possible in the future to create a powerful shipbuilding cluster in Kerch. The listed activities with minimal costs and in a relatively short time will put into operation a large industrial complex specializing in large-scale civil and military shipbuilding and ship repair, which is so lacking in southern Russia now.
The pros and cons of each option are clear enough. I am ready to discuss them with everyone. I am not encroaching on the need to build aircraft carriers for the Russian Navy, this is sacred. We would like to increase the number of ships of other types in the Black Sea Fleet quickly and efficiently.
What about Ukrainian enterprises in this case? The authorities of Ukraine will have to decide.
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